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UNIT 2 EXAM REVIEW

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What were earth's first life forms?

a)

anaerobic

and prokaryotic

b)

anaerobic and eukaryotic

c)

aerobic and porkaryotic

d)

aerobic and eukaryotic

2.
Glycerol and fatty acids combine to form...?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
3.
Glucose (sugar) is an example of a
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
4.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic acid
5.

This macromolecule makes up muscles, skin and hair

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

6.

This macromolecule is the body's main source of energy

a)

lipids

b)

fatty acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

proteins

7.

This macromolecule forms cellulose and chitin.

a)

lipids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

proteins

d)

carbohydrates

8.

This macromolecule includes glucose, lactose, and sucrose.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

9.

This macromolecules makes up hormones, fats, oils, and waxes in biology.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

10.

This macromolecule stores energy long term.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

11.

This macromolecule forms DNA and RNA

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

12.

What macromolecule is shown?

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Carbohydrates

13.

Enzymes have an optimum temperature at which they work best. Temperatures above and below this optimum will decrease enzyme activity. Which graph best illustrates the effect of temperature on enzyme activity?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

14.

Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. The most likely result of mixing both enzymes with their substrates in a single test tube is that:

a)

only gastric protease would be active if the pH of the mixture was basic

b)

intestinal protease would be more active than gastric protease at pH 4

c)

both enzymes would exhibit some activity at pH 5

d)

gastric protease would be more active that intestinal protease at pH 6

15.

A researcher is testing the effect of acid rain on living organisms. She takes a tissue sample and places it in acid rainwater, which decreases its pH. As the pH decreases, what will most likely happen to the enzyme reaction rates in the cells of this tissue?

a)

They will increase.

b)

They will decrease.

c)

They will stay the same.

d)

They will increase and level off.

16.

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

a)

Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

b)

The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.

c)

The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.

d)

There is no connection between the two statements.

17.

The graph below shows the reaction rates of two different reactions.

Which of the following statements could explain the difference in the two reactions?

a)

Reaction A is catalyzed by an enzyme.

b)

Reaction B is catalyzed by an enzyme.

c)

Reaction A occurs at a faster rate than Reaction B.

d)

Reaction A and reaction B have the same reaction rate.

18.

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach.

Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine and how it will affect the chemical reaction?

a)

It becomes inactive which will decrease the rate of the chemical reaction

b)

It becomes inactive which will increase the digestion of proteins

c)

Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.

d)

Its activity increases to digest more proteins.

19.

The diagram shows how living things use enzymes in chemical reactions to release energy. How do enzymes affect the reactions in which they take part?

a)

Most enzymes slow down chemical reactions.

b)

Enzymes are converted into products in the reaction.

c)

Enzymes increase the activation energy of the reaction.

d)

Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.

20.
Which question were the scientists trying to answer with this experiment?
a)
Where do cells come from?
b)
How did prokaryotes form cell membranes?
c)
How are biomolecules formed?
d)
What gave rise to the Eukaryotic cell?
21.
The apparatus in the experiment was used to mimic what?
a)
Proteins
b)
Present Earth conditions
c)
Early Earth conditions
d)
Nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)
22.
Miller/Urey and other scientists have shown that:
a)
 Life on early Earth required material from space
b)
Cells survived in the primitive atmosphere
c)
Amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules 
d)
Simple cells can be produced in a laboratory
23.
Which of the following was probably not present in the atmosphere of the primitive Earth? 
a)
methane
b)
oxygen
c)
water
d)
carbon dioxide
24.
Which statement best describes conditions on early Earth?
a)
hot with volcanic activity and electrical storms
b)
dry land covered with volcanic dust
c)
cold oceans
d)
dark and dusty with abundant water
25.
Which of the following describes what the first life form resembled?
a)
Eukaryotes
b)
Plants
c)
Bacteria
d)
Fungi
26.
Cells without a nucleus are said to be _____________________.
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
27.
Which of these are the ingredients NEEDED for life to form?
a)
organic macromolecules
b)
atoms
c)
methane 
d)
inorganic molecules
28.
The electrical sparks mimicked?
a)
The Sun's energy
b)
Lightning
c)
Volcanic eruptions
d)
Cosmic radiation
29.

Lastly cell theory states....

a)

cells don't do much

b)

cells are microscopic

c)

all living things are made up of cells (either unicellular or multicellular)

d)

bacteria aren't cells

30.

Cell theory also states that...

a)

bacteria are eukaryotic cells

b)

animals are prokaryotic cells

c)

cells come from other cells (cell division or splitting apart)

d)

cells are awesome!

31.

Cell theory states that...

a)

cells are the basic building block of life

b)

cells are cool

c)

cells are microscopic

d)

cells cannot be destroyed

32.

All cells -----

a)

come from other dead cells

b)

come from other living cells

c)

crystallize out of the air

33.

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

a)

atom

b)

cell

c)

bacteria

d)

animalcules

34.

Which statement was NOT included in cell theory?

a)

All living things are composed of cells.

b)

Living cells come only from other living cells.

c)

Each cell contains a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

d)

Cells are the smallest structure of living things that can perform the functions necessary for life.

35.
The idea that all living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
a)
unicellular
b)
Cell Theory
c)
cell
d)
organ system
36.

Which of the following is only found in EUKARYOTIC cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

cell membrane

d)

ribosomes

37.

Which of the following structures is ALWAYS found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

cell wall

38.

Plant and animal cells are examples of

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

39.

Which of the following correctly compares prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Select all that apply.

a)

Prokaryotes: smaller in size.

b)

Eukaryotes: less complex.

c)

Prokaryotes: nucleus absent.

d)

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes: have DNA.

e)

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes: membrane-bound organelles.

40.

Students use a microscope to look for structures present in four different cells. The students placed an X for each structure that was viewed for each cell on the table shown. Which cell that was viewed is most likely a prokaryote?

a)

Cell W

b)

Cell X

c)

Cell Y

d)

Cell Z

41.

Students observe cells under a microscope. Which of the students’ observations will be most helpful in classifying a cell as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

a)

Shape of the cell.

b)

Presence of a nucleus.

c)

Presence of organelles.

d)

Visible DNA.

42.

Which structures are found in both plant and animal cells?

a)

chloroplast, vacuoles, nucleus, cell membrane

b)

mitochondria, cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane

c)

cell membrane, vacuoles, nucleus, mitochondria

d)

cell wall, nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria

43.

Select ALL organelles found ONLY in a plant cell.

a)

cell wall

b)

chloroplast

c)

central vacuole

d)

cell membrane

44.

Directs the cell’s activities; contains the genetic/hereditary material (DNA)

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Nucleus

c)

ribosomes

d)

Mitochondria

45.

What is the system of channels that transport proteins and other materials inside/within the cell?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Vacuole

c)

Lysosome

d)

Mitochondria

46.

Stack of apposed membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for transport and use outside the cell.

a)

vacuole

b)

ribosome

c)

mitochondrion

d)

golgi apparatus

47.

Small organelles filled with enzymes that help maintain and repair cell structures; digest wastes and worn out parts.

a)

mitochondria

b)

lysosome

c)

vacuole

d)

ribosome

48.

Coiled bundles of DNA, the genetic/hereditary material of the cell

a)

centromere

b)

chrome

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatin

49.

Uncoiled bundles of DNA, the genetic/hereditary material of the cell

a)

centromere

b)

chrome

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatin

50.

Where are proteins made according to genetic instructions?

a)

Golgi body

b)

Mitoichondria

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Ribosomes

51.

Which organelles uses oxygen to breakdown glucose and produce energy (ATP) needed for cellular processes?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Lysosome

d)

Ribosome

52.

What is the site of photosynthesis, the process where light energy is used to produce glucose?

a)

ribosome

b)

mitochondria

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

53.

What is the boundary found in ALL cells that functions in protection and support but also regulates the substances that enter and exit the cell?

a)

cell wall

b)

nucleus

c)

cell membrane

d)

cell skin

54.

What is the rigid outer boundary found outside the cell membrane of plant cells that shapes, supports, and protects?

a)

Cytoskeleton

b)

Cilia

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Flagella

55.

What is the jelly-like substance, consisting mostly of water, that is the medium through which materials pass inside the cells, site of most chemical reactions in the cell?

a)

photoplasm

b)

photosynthesis

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

cytoplasm

56.

What is the membrane-enclosed sac that stores food, water, and other materials?

a)

mitochondria

b)

lysosome

c)

vacuole

d)

ribosome

57.

Which of the following describes the nucleolus?

a)

Controls the cell activities by holding the genetic material

b)

Small, dense region inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes

c)

Network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape Involved in movement.

d)

Located near the nucleus, unique to animal cells; help to organize cell division.

58.

What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus that provides support and controls movement of substances in and out of the nucleus?

a)

nuclear envelope

b)

nucleus

c)

centrioles

d)

cell membrane

59.

What is the organelle that is tube-like and synthesizes phospholipids for the plasma membrane and steroids?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosome

c)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)

golgi apparatus

60.

What are whip-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain cells, used for locomotion (motility)?

a)

cilia

b)

flagella (flagellum)

c)

centrioles

d)

microtubules

61.

What are hair-like structures that line the surfaces of certain cells and beat in rhythmic waves; used by cells to move materials and locomotion?

a)

cilia

b)

flagella (flagellum)

c)

centrioles

d)

microtubules

62.

What is the network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape and helps with movement?

a)

Cytoskeleton (microfilaments / microtubules)

b)

Cilia

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Flagella

63.

What is the structure unique to animal cells that helps to organize cell division?

a)

Centrioles

b)

Cilia

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Flagella

64.

Can you identify me?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosome

c)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)

golgi apparatus

65.

Can you identify me?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Lysosome

d)

Ribosome

66.

Can you identify me?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Lysosome

d)

Ribosome

67.

Can you identify me?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosome

c)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)

golgi apparatus

68.

Can you identify me?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

ribosome

c)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

d)

golgi apparatus

69.

What is the group of cells without a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

a)

Prokaryotes

b)

Protocells

c)

Eukaryotes

d)

Eubiotics

70.

What is the group of cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

a)

Prokaryotes

b)

Protocells

c)

Eukaryotes

d)

Eubiotics

71.
Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?
a)
passive transport by diffusion
b)
active transport using ATP 
c)
passive transport by osmosis
d)
 osmosis
72.
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
a)
The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
b)
The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
c)
The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
d)
The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution. 
73.
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
a)
perforated
b)
semi-permeable
c)
non-conducive
d)
permeable
74.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
75.
Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
co-transport
76.
 In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
 mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
77.
The diagram below represents a cell and some molecules in its environment. Which molecule would require the use of energy in order to be brought into the cell?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
78.
Which activity can occur without the use of energy?
a)
contraction of muscle tissue
b)
protein synthesis in a cell
c)
active transport of minerals
d)
movement of water across a membrane
79.
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called 
a)
active transport
b)
facilitated diffusion
c)
osmosis
d)
phagocytosis

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