When information is sent from the PNS to the CNS

Uses sensory receptors to monitor changes in internal and external stimuli

Information is analyzed in CNS

process and interprets sensory input (uses previous experience and current state to make decision)

Information goes from CNS to PNS

Effects a response appropriate to the stimulus

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system

Integration and command are a part of which division of the nervous system

Information in and out are a part of which division of the nervous system

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is composed of sensory neurons and conducts signals from receptor to CNS

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is composed of motor neurons and conducts signals from CNS to effectors

Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls involuntary responses

Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls voluntary movement

Which division of the peripheral nervous system mobilizes body systems (fight or flight response)

Which division of the peripheral nervous system conserves energy (rest and digest response)

The central nervous system is the command center and consists of which of the following organs

Damage to the central nervous system can be reversed.

Nervous tissue consists of functional cells that receive, interpret, and send stimuli. What are these cells called?

Nervous tissue consists of support cells that feed, protect, and insulate the functional cells. What are these cells called?

Of the characteristics of neurons, which one describes the polarizied membrane that allows them to conduct nerve impulses?

Of the characteristics of neurons, which one describes how neurons can cunction for 100+ years?

Of the characteristics of neurons, which one describes how most neurons lose the ability to divide once they have differentiated?

Of the characteristics of neurons, which one describes how neurons can be very short or incredibly long?

Of the characteristics of neurons, which one describes neurons high energy demands?

Which part of the neuron is described as the large metabolic region that contains the nucleus and other organelles?

Which part of the neuron is described as the clusters of rough ER that produce proteins

Which part of the neuron is is used to receive information (signals) and transmit them toward the cell body

Which part of the neuron is used to send information away from the cell body to other neurons or effectors

Axons have a region where the axon leaves the cell body, known as the

The end of the axon that connects to another neuron or effector is the

This wraps around the axon and insulates electrical impulses allowing signals to travel faster

This is the gap between myelin

Which type of matter is unmyelinated?

Which type of matter is myelinated?

Area of nervous structures that have large numbers of cell bodies and dendrites are known as (appear darker)

Area of nervous structures that have large numbers of axons are known as

White matter appears white because of the high lipid content of myelin.

During the process of myelination, a single Schwann cell insulates a segment of a peripheral nerve, but in the central nervous system a(n) _____________ is used to provide insulation.

After the process of myelination, the outermost layer is called the ______________.

The collection of neuron cell bodies of the central nervous system is known as

The collection of neuron cell bodies of the peripheral nervous system is known as

A bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system is known as

A bundle of axons in the central nervous system is known as

When neurons have one process that includes the axon and dendrite, it is classified as

When neurons have two distinct process (axon and dendrite), it is classified as

When neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites, it is classified as

Most sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system are

Most interneurons of the central nervous system are

When neurons transmit impulses from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system they are functionally classified as

When neurons transmit impulses within central nervous system they are functionally classified as

When neurons transmit impulses away from central nervous system to the organs and glands they are functionally classified as

Which of the following are neuroglia for the central nervous system?

Which of the following are neuroglia for the peripheral nervous system?

These cells appear star-shaped becuase of their cell extensions that allow them to interact with neurons, blood vessels, and pia mater

These cells support neurons by regulating chemical concentrations, taking up excess neurotransmitters, responding to tissue damage, and contributing to blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier restricts circulating substances from entering the peripheral nervous system.

These egg-shaped cells are highly branched to monitor health of neurons (CNS-resident macrophages)

These cells have fewer extensions and surround/myelinate multiple axon segments

These cells line central cavities of CNS and produce cerbral spinal fluid to cushion brain and spinal cord

These cells of the PNS surround axons and produce myelin sheath

These cells of the PNS are found around the cell body and function like astrocytes

Action potentials are the principal way neurons send signals over long distances.

Which of the following are accurate steps in an action potential?

Which type of ion channel allows ions to flow through passively?

Which type of ion channel opens in respons to changes in membrane potential?

Which type of ion channel opens only when the appropriate molecule binds to the receptor?

Which type of ion channel opens in response to mechanical change (touch/vibration)?

Which type of ion channel requires energy to move ions?

The voltage that must be reached in order to generate an action potential is known as the

The graded potential must reach the schwann cells to cause an action potential.

Signals transmitted to postsynaptic neuron that are excitatory are known as

Signals transmitted to postsynaptic neuron that are inhibitory are known as

If a stimulus exceeds threshold values, an action potential is generated and it cannot be stopped. This is known as

The plasma membrane at resting membrane potential is polarized and is what voltage?

When local depolarization occurs (graded potential), what is the voltage?

When rapid depolarization activated more sodium channels, what is the voltage?

When repolarization occurs inactivating sodium channels and acitvating potassium channels, what is the voltage?

When hyperpolarization occurs in the attempt to retun to normal permeability, what is the voltage?

Unmyelinated axons undergo this type of conduction

Myelinated axons undergo this type of conduction

Graded potentials are weakest at stimulation site, but increase towards the axon hillock

This type of neuron conduct impulse toward the synapse

This type of neuron transmits impulse away from the synapse

When cell membranes of adjacent neurons are physically connected by gap junctions allowing ions to flow from presynaptic to postsynaptic neruon, propagating action potentail directly is known as

When neurotransmitters are released by presynaptic neurons and travel across synaptic cleft to bind receptors on postsynaptic neurons it is known as

This type of summation is described as repeated stimulation at a single synapse (new potential before previous one ends)

This type of summation is described as simultaneous stimulation of multiple synapses

Which type of neurotransmitter causes depolarization and promotes action potentials

Which type of neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization and suppresses action potentials

Which of the following is NOT a class of neurotransmitter?

This is a type of receptor that opens when neurotransmitters bind to it

This is a type of receptor that causes metabolic changes int he cell after a neurotransmitter binds to it