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Biological molecules

Total questions: 91

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Bonds between multiple water molecules are called ____________.

a)

Hydrogen Bonds

b)

Covalent Bonds

c)

Ionic Bonds

d)

Water Bonds

2.

Bonds that hold a water molecule together are called ____________.

a)

Covalent Bonds

b)

Ionic Bonds

c)

Hydrogen Bonds

d)

Water Bonds

3.

There are partial charges within a water molecule which cause water to have special properties. This makes water a ________ molecule.

a)

Polar

b)

Nonpolar

c)

Hydrophobic

d)

Ionic

4.

When water rises up a thin straw or moves up a tree from the roots to the leaves, it is called _____________.

a)

Capillary Action

b)

Surface Tension

c)

Heat of Vaporization

d)

Density of Water

5.

Water is liquid at room temperature and takes a lot of energy (heat) to reach the boiling point and turn to a vapor. What is this called?

a)

Heat of Vaporization

b)

Cohesion

c)

Heat of Fusion

d)

Surface Tension

6.

Very light insects can sit on top of water because of

a)

Water's High Heat of Vaporization

b)

Surface Tension

c)

Water's High Specific Heat

d)

Capillary Action

7.

What makes water a universal solvent?

a)

It is a polar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

b)

It is a nonpolar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

c)

It is a polar molecule with a low specific heat, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

d)

It is a nonpolar molecule with a low specific heat, allowing it to dissolve many substances.

8.

What property allows water molecules to stick to each other to form drops?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Surface Tension

d)

Capillary Action

9.

Why is it important that water has a high heat of vaporization and high specific heat capacity?

a)

If they were lower, water would change temperatures and evaporate much faster.

b)

If they were lower, there would be too much water on the Earth.

c)

The properties allow for the rapid change of temperature and vaporization of water.

d)

These properties allow water to freeze at high temperatures.

10.
What atoms make up all carbohydrates?
a)
Carbon, Sulfur, Hydrogen
b)
Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen
d)
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
11.

What is the monomer that makes up carbohydrates?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

12.

The bonds that join monosaccharides are called:

a)
Peptide Bonds
b)
Ester Bonds
c)

Glycosidic Bonds

d)
Phosphodiester Bonds
13.

Cellulose, starch and glycogen are examples of:

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

lipids

d)

polysaccharides

14.

What is the following molecule?

a)

alpha glcuose

b)

beta glucose

c)

amino acid

d)

disaccharide

15.

Glucose, fructose and galactose are examples of:

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

lipids

d)

polysaccharides

16.

Sucrose, maltose and lactose are examples of:

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

lipids

d)

polysaccharides

17.

Match the following

a)

Sucrose

1.

Glucose + fructose

b)

Lactose

2.

Glucose + galactose

c)

Maltose

3.

Glucose + glucose

18.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to store glucose?

a)

glycogen

b)

cellulose

c)

starch

d)

chitin

19.

What is the polysaccharide used by animals to store glucose?

a)

glycogen

b)

fructose

c)

starch

d)

cellulose

20.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to make their cell wall?

a)

starch

b)

glycogen

c)

cellulose

d)

chitin

21.
What type of carbohydrate is this?
a)
polysaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
it isn't a carbohydrate
22.

Monomers of Lipids include

a)

amino acids

b)

monosaccharides

c)

nucleotides

d)

glycerol and fatty acids

23.

Which of the following is a main function of a lipid?

a)

source of quick energy

b)

stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane

c)

transport substances in and out of the cell

d)

stores genetic information

24.
The characteristic that all lipids have in common is----
a)
made of lots of double bonds
b)
acidic when mixed with water
c)
no high energy content
d)
do not dissolve in water
25.

A triglyceride is made up of __ glycerol and __ fatty acids.

a)

3; 1

b)

1; 3

c)

1; 2

26.

What is the monomer that makes up triglycerides?

a)

Monosaccarides

b)

Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids

d)

Nucleotides

27.

What is the following molecule?

a)

triglyceride

b)

phospholipid

c)

steroid

d)

protein

28.

What is the following molecule?

a)

glucose

b)

saturated fat

c)

unsaturated fat

d)

peptide

29.

The bonds that join fatty acids and glycerol to form triglycerides are called:

a)
Peptide Bonds
b)
Ester Bonds
c)

Glycosidic Bonds

d)
Phosphodiester Bonds
30.

Which type of molecule is shown?

a)

saturated fatty acid

b)

unsaturated fatty acid

c)

cholesterol

d)

starch

31.

Lipid molecules used primarily for storing energy

a)

phospholipid

b)

triglyceride

c)

fatty acid

d)

saturated fatty acid

32.

Which of these form a triglycerides?

a)

two fatty acids + one glycerol + nitrogen group

b)

three fatty acids + one glycerol

c)

four carbon rings

33.

Which of the following elements make-up Lipids?

a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen 

b)

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon

c)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

34.
What is a protein: 
a)
A polymer composed of many sugars.
b)
A polymer composed of many amino acids. 
c)
A polymer composed of fatty acids. 
d)
A polymer composed of nucleotides. 
35.
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
a)
storing genetic information
b)
structure
c)

speeding up chemical reactions

d)

transporting things through cell membranes

36.
What is the monomer of proteins?
a)
amino acids
b)
polypeptides
c)
nucleotides
d)
monosaccharides
37.

What is a long chain of amino acids called?

a)

Polysaccharide

b)

Lipid

c)

Carbohydrate

d)

Polypeptide

e)

Nucleic acid

38.

What is the name of the bond that joins two amino acids together?

a)

Ester bond

b)

Glycosidic bond

c)

Peptide bond

d)

Nucleic bond

39.
How many different amino acids are there?
a)
15
b)
20
c)
25
d)
30
40.

Which protein structure describes the sequence of amino acids?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

41.

Alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of what type of protein structure?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

42.

Which protein structure describes a protein's three-dimensional shape?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

43.

Which protein structure is only found in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

44.

Which of the following can cause protein denaturation?

a)

High heat

b)

Cold temperatures

c)

Strong acids

d)

Strong bases

e)

High pressure

45.
The diagram shows a bond forming between two amino acids. What is the name of this reaction?
a)

Condensation

b)

Hydrolysis

c)

Pepysis

d)

Oxidation

46.

Each amino acid is different from the other due to....

a)

The R group

b)

The amino group

c)

The carboxyl group

d)

The central carbon

47.

Which colored box highlights the amino group?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

48.

Which colored box is different for every amino acid?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

49.

Which colored box highlights the carboxyl group?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

50.
Enzymes are capable of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction within a living cell.  Enzymes accomplish this through which of the following means?
a)
reducing the number of products   
b)
reducing the activation energy
c)
increasing the temperature of the cell
d)
increasing the concentration of reactants 
51.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
52.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
53.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
54.

What happens to the reaction rate if an enzyme is denatured or nonfunctional?

a)

No change in the reaction rate

b)

Increase in reaction rate

c)

Decrease in reaction rate

d)

Decrease then increase in reaction rate

55.

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease reaction rates?

a)

Binds to the active site

b)

Binds to the allosteric site

c)

Increases the free energy

d)

Increases the substrate concentration

56.

Which of the following is a way to overcome competitive inhibition of an enzyme?

a)

Increase product concentration

b)

Increase substrate concentration

c)

Decrease enzyme concentration

d)

Decrease environmental temperature

57.

Which of the following would NOT denature an enzyme?

a)

HIGH temperature

b)

LOW pH

c)

HIGH pH

d)

LOW temperature

58.
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because ____________
a)
their enzymes are insensitive to temperature
b)
they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts
c)
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
d)
they are able to maintain an internal temperature much cooler than that of the surrounding water
59.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
60.

A receptor site that a molecule can bind to that changes the shape of the active site is called a(n):

a)

Allosteric Site

b)

Active Site

c)

Activation site

d)

Reactant site

61.

Molecules that bind to enzymes and enhance an enzyme's ability are called:

a)

CoFactors

b)

Competitive Inhibitors

c)

Allosteric Inhibitors

62.

You perform an enzyme-controlled reaction. Based on your results, which of the following is true?

a)

The enzyme works best when the pH is alkaline

b)

The enzyme was most active at pH 4.6

c)

The temperature must have increased and then decreased during the course of the experiment

d)

The salinity was altered during the experiment

63.

Which of the following is NOT true about allosteric regulation?

a)

Regulatory molecules will bind to a place on the enzyme that is not the active site

b)

It can amplify or inhibit enzyme activity

c)

Allosteric inhibitors will compete with substrate for the active site

d)

It helps a cell regulate its metabolism

64.

Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

a)

The rate of substrate formed

b)

The decrease in temperature in the system

c)

The rate of enzyme used up

d)

The rate of substrate used up

65.

DNA is a nucleic (a)   .

66.

The backbone of the DNA ladder is made of what two things?

a)

deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups

b)

nitrogen bases and hydrogen bonds

c)

phosphate groups and nitrogen bases

67.

The steps, or rungs, of a DNA ladder are formed from nitrogen bases joined together by which?

a)

peptide bonds

b)

hydrogen bonds

c)

phosphodiester bonds

68.

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine are what?

a)

nitrogen bases

b)

amino acids

c)

hydrogen bonds

d)

sugars

69.

in DNA, the nitrogen base adenine pairs with which?

a)

thymine

b)

cytosine

c)

guaning

d)

uracil

70.

in DNA, the nitrogen base cytosine pairs with which?

a)

thymine

b)

adenine

c)

guanine

d)

uracil

71.

If a template strand of DNA reads AAA, type in its complementary strand sequence.

(a)  

72.

If a template strand of DNA reads CCC, type in its complementary strand sequence.

(a)  

73.

If a template strand of DNA reads AATT, type in its complementary strand sequence.

(a)  

74.

If a template strand of DNA reads CTAAG, type in its complementary strand sequence.

(a)  

75.

If a DNA template strand sequence reads TAC-GGA-CGA, what is its complementary sequence in the other strand?

a)

TAC-GGA-CGA

b)

ATG-CCT-GCT

c)

AAA-CCC-GGG-TTT

d)

GAT-GTG-CCA

76.

The DNA replication process produces duplicate DNA molecules that are half original parent DNA and half new nucleotides. Which term is used to describe this?

a)

semiconservative

b)

fully conservative

c)

pseudo conservative

d)

filthy liberal

77.

Which is NOT true of RNA?

a)

it's single stranded

b)

it's double stranded

c)

there are three types

d)

it moves around the cell

78.

What are these structures called?

a)

Centrioles

b)

Centromeres

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Chromatin

79.

A segment of DNA is 40% thymine. How much guanine is present?

a)

25%

b)

60%

c)

100%

d)

10%

80.

The diagram represents a small piece of DNA. Which number represents hydrogen bonds?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

81.

Imagine that all ribosomes in a cell are destroyed. Which would be true?

a)

The cell couldn't build carbs

b)

The cell couldn't build proteins

c)

The cell couldn't replicate DNA

d)

The cell would be unaffected

82.

What does the region labeled "A" represent?

a)

A gene

b)

A chromosome

c)

A protein

d)

A nucleotide

83.

ATP stands for:

a)

adenine triphosphorus

b)

adenine triphosphate

c)

adenosine triphosphate

84.

What kind of biomolecule is it classified as?

a)

nucleic acid

b)

protein

c)

carbohidrate

d)

lipid

85.

ATP is composed of three parts:

a)

sugar

b)

phosphate

c)

base

d)

lipid

86.

The cell produces ATP through three different processes: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation.

a)

True

b)

False

87.

What molecule is broken down to produce ATP?

a)

phosphate

b)

adenosine

c)

ribose

d)

glucose

88.

Who needs ATP?

a)

bacteria

b)

humans

c)

fungi

d)

plants

e)

All of them!

89.

When ATP is hydrolyzed, it consumes energy.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

How is the energy released?

a)

Water breaks the bond of the third phosphate and it becomes a more stable molecule, releasing energy.

b)

Water adds a fourth phosphate and it becomes a more unstable molecule, an exergonic reaction.

c)

Glucose attaches to the phosphate, creating a bond that releases energy.

91.

What does ATP do?

a)

Transports proteins and molecules.

b)

Produces glucose for energy.

c)

Provides energy for cellular processes.

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