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AB Bio U4

Total questions: 131

Worksheet time: 2hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
2.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
3.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
4.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
5.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
6.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
7.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
8.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
9.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
10.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
11.
The 3 steps of signal transduction in order are
a)
reception, transduction, response
b)
response, transduction, reception
c)
reception, response, transduction
d)
transduction, reception, response
12.
Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
13.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

14.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

15.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

16.

Which letter represents the secondary proteins?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

17.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

18.

Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

19.

The final activated molecule in a signaling pathway may function as a what?

a)

transcription factor

b)

second messenger

c)

kinase

d)

phosphatase

20.

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

a)

true

b)

false

21.

What word means programmed cell death?

a)

apoptosis

b)

mitosis

c)

Ced-9

d)

bleb

22.

Cell death is a bad thing.

a)

true

b)

false

23.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
24.
During which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
S phase
25.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
a)
To create new daughter cells
b)
To prevent cancer from developing
c)
To help the body fight viruses and bacteria
26.

Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:

a)

Metaphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

Cancer

d)

Diabetes

27.
The cell carries out normal functions during..
a)
interphase
b)
cytokinesis
c)
mitosis
28.
What does NOT happen during interphase?
a)
growth
b)
DNA replication 
c)
obtaining nutrients
d)
cell divison
29.
Which of the following statements is true of cytokinesis
a)
takes place in plant cells only
b)
completes the cell cycle
c)
organizes DNA
d)
occurs in prophase
30.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.
a)
Growth
b)
Recovering from injuries
c)
Replacement of dead cells
d)
Sexual reproduction
31.
The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other
a)
prophase
b)
metaphase
c)
anaphase
d)
telophase
32.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
33.
How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?
a)
animal cells form a cell plate
b)
plant cells form a cell plate
c)
plant cells go through the process in reverse
d)
plant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one
34.
In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
35.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
36.

What two components make an active MPF

a)

a growth factor and a mitotic factor

b)

ATP synthetase and a protease

c)

cyclin and tubulin

d)

cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase

37.

Endocrine glands secrete _

a)

Hormones

b)

Neurotransmitters

c)

A wide range of chemical substances

38.

What is the main function of the endocrine system?

a)

It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

b)

It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.

c)

It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.

d)

It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.

39.
The gland that stimulates body metabolism
a)
Thyroid
b)
testes
c)
ovary
d)
adrenal
40.

Hormone regulation operates under which type of feedback mechanism?

a)

positive feedback

b)

negative feedback

c)

zero feedback

d)

Hormones are not regulated

41.

Feedback loops are important because they allow organisms and the environment to

a)

change based on new inputs

b)

fall apart

c)

change based on new outputs

d)

maintain balance

42.
If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:
a)
keep body temperature the same as the external temperature
b)
decrease body temperature
c)
increase body temperature
d)
regulate blood pressure
43.
Insulin is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
44.
Glucagon is secreted by:
a)
α-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
b)
β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans
c)
β-cells in the pancreatic medulla
d)
α-cells in the pancreatic cortex
45.
Glucose levels in the blood are controlled by the:
a)
Pancreas
b)
Thyroid
c)
Parathyroids
d)
Adrenal Glands
46.
A person who is having an anaphylactic reaction is given an inject of epinephrine. The purpose of this is primarily to:
a)
Dilate pupils
b)
Open air passage ways
c)
Increase blood sugar
d)
Dilate blood vessels in muscles
47.
The hormone that lowers blood sugar is:
a)
Insulin
b)
Glucagon
c)
Cortisol
d)
GnRH
48.
The second messenger produced by the action of many protein hormones is:
a)
cAMP
b)
Adenylate Cyclase
c)
G-Protein
d)
Epinephrine
49.

What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

Adrenaline

d)

Parathyroid Hormone

50.

Which of the following would NOT result in the inhibition of this pathway?

a)

A change in the shape of the receptor

b)

The presence of a competitive ligand

c)

Increase in hormone concentration

d)

Loss of second messenger production

51.

Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?

a)

Reception

b)

Transduction

c)

Response

d)

All of these

52.

If MNK1 remained in its active state permanently, what would be the result?

a)

c-Myc would be unable to translate growth genes

b)

Cell growth and division will stop

c)

The phosphorylation cascade will stop

d)

Cell division will increase, leading to tumor formation

53.

Which of these explains why this pathway involves a negative feedback loop in a normal cell?

a)

As ERK increases, it inhibits RAS, stopping transduction

b)

As ERK increases, it increases RAS, continuing transduction

c)

Grb2 is removed from the receptor, stopping transduction

d)

RAS mutates, causing signal transduction to stop

54.

This type of cell signaling will only be effective...

a)

over long distances (endocrine)

b)

when cells are in direct contact (juxtacrine)

c)

when responding to its own ligands (autocrine)

d)

if cells are nearby (paracrine)

55.

Which receptor is responsible for the signaling pathway that leads to apoptosis?

a)

Delta/Serrate/Lag-2

b)

Frizzled

c)

TGF-B RI/RII

d)

Ptch

56.

Which of these shows the cell cycle phases in their correct order AND correctly paired with their functions?

a)

G1-growth, M-division, G2-DNA checkpoints, S-DNA replication

b)

G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-replicate organelles, M-division

c)

M-division, G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-replicate organelles

d)

S-Interphase, G2-growth, M-division, G1-DNA replication

57.

Which phase of mitosis occurred between panels C and D?

a)

Metaphase

b)

Telophase

c)

Synthesis

d)

Anaphase

58.

In what phase of mitosis is this cell?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

59.

Which of these graphs represents the amount of DNA present in a normal cell throughout the cell cycle?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

60.

p53 is a gene that codes for a CDK inhibitor that slows the cell cycle. What would be the result of a mutation in the p53 gene?

a)

No cell division

b)

Decreased CDK/Cyclin complexes

c)

Activated DNA repair

d)

Tumor formation

61.

Which of these is NOT part of interphase?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

M

d)

G2

62.

If ATP were unavailable, what would be the effect on this pathway?

a)

Protein kinase A would not be produced

b)

GDP would not bind to the transmembrane protein

c)

The hormone would not bind to the transmembrane protein

d)

The secondary messenger would not be produced

63.

A cell that has a half set of chromosomes is called a______ cell.

a)

haploid

b)

diploid

c)

triploid

d)

hetrolpoid

64.

A cell that has a full set of chromosomes is called a______ cell.

a)

haploid

b)

diploid

c)

triploid

d)

hetrolpoid

65.
A human has 46 chromosomes in their body cells.  What is the haploid number?
a)
46
b)
92
c)
23
d)
12
66.

Chromosomes that are paired by size and content are called _______ chromosomes.

a)

homeostasis

b)

homologous

c)

matching

d)

sister

67.

Which of the following carry the same genetic information?

a)

sister chromatids

b)

X and Y chromosomes

c)

all autosomes

d)

all haploid cells

68.

In humans, the 22 pairs of chromosomes that don't include the sex chromosomes are called

a)

loci

b)

polysomes

c)

autosomes

d)

somatic chromosomes

69.
When homologous chromosomes match up, they form a structure call a ___________.
a)
tetrad
b)
triad
c)
diploid
d)
gamete
70.

Crossing over involves:

a)

synapsis

b)

formation of a tetrad

c)

alignment of homologous chromosomes

d)

all of the above

71.
The point of attachment between two sister chromatids is called
a)
kinetochore
b)
centromere
c)
chromosome
d)
spindle
72.

During which phase of meiosis does the process shown in the image occur?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Anaphase I

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Telophase I

73.
Crossing over is important because....
a)
It prevents mutations from entering the gametes. 
b)
It allows for even distribution of chromosomes in the gametes.
c)
It allows for more genetic diversity of gametes.
d)
It allows for genetic uniformity of gametes. 
74.

This law describes how each homologous pair separates independently of any other pairs during Anaphase I of meiosis

a)

Law of Segregation

b)

Law of Independent Assortment

c)

Law of Gravity

d)

Law of Mathematical Order

75.
Meiosis results in ______.
a)
4 genetically distinct haploid gametes
b)
2 genetically distinct cells
c)
2 genetically identical cells
d)
4 genetically identical cells
76.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
77.
What phase is represented?
a)
metaphase 1
b)
metaphase 2
c)
anaphase 1
d)
anaphase 2
78.
Takes place all over the body
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
c)
Both Mitosis and Meiosis
79.
Mitosis forms 
a)
4 identical daughter cells
b)
2 identical daughter cells
c)
4 different daughter cells
d)
2 different daughter cells
80.

Why is meiosis needed in animals?

a)

Because 2 diploid cells are required to make 1 haploid zygote

b)

Because 2 identical daughter cells are needed to repair tissues

c)

Because 2 haploid games are needed to produce a diploid zygote

d)

Because 2 diploid cells are needed for cross-pollination

81.
The diagram represents _____.
a)
a cell in metaphase of meiosis
b)
a cell in metaphase of mitosis
c)
a cell in anaphase of meiosis
d)
a cell in anaphase of mitosis
82.

What are the three parts of signal transduction pathway?

a)

reception, transduction, response

b)

confirmation, transduction, transcription

c)

reception, amplification, transcription

d)

confirmation, amplification, response

83.

Transduction step traditionally amplifies the signal, which of the following are NOT involved with transduction?

a)

secondary messengers

b)

protein modification

c)

phosphorylation cascade

d)

ligands

84.

Describe what occurs when the ligand binds to the receptor.

a)

confirmation change in shape of receptor

b)

phosphorylation of ligand

c)

ligand passes through the membrane

d)

receptor binds additional ligands

85.

Describe the impact of a mutation in any domain of the protein components of the transduction signaling pathway. (check all that apply)

a)

receptor unable to bind to ligand

b)

no changes in transduction due to initial signal transduction from ligand

c)

alters response of the cell

d)

amplification of signaling pathway to bind more ligands

86.

Which feedback mechanism involves homeostasis of a particular condition by regulating physiological processes?

a)

Positive Feedback

b)

Negative Feedback

87.

Which feedback mechanism involves amplifying responses and processes in biological organisms?

a)

Positive Feedback

b)

Negative Feedback

88.

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the cell cycle?

a)

interphase

b)

cytokinesis

c)

mitosis

d)

apoptosis

89.

Which of the following is the stage where the cell no longer divides?

a)

G0

b)

G1

c)

G2

d)

S

90.

Which of the following describes the order of the steps in mitosis?

a)

metaphase, telophase, anaphase, prophase

b)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

c)

telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase

d)

prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

91.

Which of the following is NOT a role of mitosis?

a)

gametes

b)

tissue repair

c)

growth

d)

asexual reproduction

92.

Which checkpoint is responsible for ensuring nondisjunction does not take place?

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

S checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

d)

M checkpoint

93.

Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.

a)

cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase

b)

cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed

c)

cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized

d)

cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication

94.

Mitosis results in...

a)

2 identical diploid cells

b)

4 unique diploid cells

c)

2 unique haploid cells

d)

4 identical haploid cells

95.

What evidence is there that cell communication is a process that has evolved over billions of years?

a)

Only cells with a nucleus are able to communicate effectively

b)

The processes are very similar in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

c)

Eukaryotic cells have much more advanced signaling pathways

d)

Prokaryotic cells are much more efficient at communicating.

96.

Plant cells can exchange small soluble compounds with neighboring cells directly through junctions in the cell wall called -

a)

gap junctions

b)

thylakoids

c)

stomata

d)

plasmodesmata

97.

A mutation in a cell membrane receptor would most likely have what effect on a signal transduction pathway?

a)

Reduce the response of the pathway

b)

An alternative response will be expressed

c)

Increase ligand binding

d)

Increase ligand release from the effector cell

98.

Glucagon causes the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose for cells. What conditions would trigger the release of glucagon?

a)

High blood sugar

b)

Low blood pH

c)

High heart rate

d)

Low cellular ATP concentration

99.

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

a)

A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

b)

Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

c)

Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

d)

cAMP is formed activating a desired response

100.

Why do hormones not affect every cell in the body when they are released?

a)

All cells are affected by a hormone when it is released

b)

A cell needs a specific receptor for the hormone to be affected

c)

A cell must have the proper ATP levels to activate a cellular response

d)

Cells need compatible DNA for the hormone to activate transcription of a gene

101.

Secondary messengers that can activate or deactivate enzymes in a cell are typically part of which step of cell signaling?

a)

Reception

b)

Transduction

c)

Response

102.

Why do mutations in receptor proteins affect cell signaling?

a)

The receptor needs the proper sequence of amino acids to interact with the cell membrane

b)

The receptor needs a specific shape to bind to it's ligand

c)

The receptor must have the right polarity to interact with it's ligand

d)

All of these are correct

103.

Mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle will most likely lead to what disease?

a)

Cancer

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Meiosis

d)

Diabetes

104.

Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the greatest amount of time in?

a)

S phase

b)

Interphase

c)

M-phase

d)

Cytokinesis

105.

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

a)

Evenly divide the cytoplasm of the cell

b)

Creating an exact copy of a cell's genetic material

c)

Protect an organism from mutations

d)

Ensure genetic material is properly transferred to daughter cells

106.

How much DNA should a daughter cell at the end of cytokinesis have when compared to the original parent cell?

a)

Half the amount

b)

The exact same amount

c)

Double the amount

107.

After metaphase what phase occurs next in mitosis?

a)

Prophase

b)

Prometaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

108.

What important event happens during the S-phase of the cell cycle?

a)

The mitotic spindle forms

b)

The nuclear membrane breaks down

c)

DNA replication

d)

Sister chromatids separate

109.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

a)

Insulin lowering blood sugar

b)

Immune cells releasing inflammatory cytokines

c)

Breathing faster to release excess CO2

d)

Shivering to increase blood temperature

110.

If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?

a)

It would increase the response if the pathway

b)

It would trigger the release of more ligands

c)

It would activate the transcription of a desired gene

d)

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response

111.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
112.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
113.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
114.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
115.
What part of the cell cycle is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Cytokinesis
116.
What can the cell cycle also be called?
a)
Cell growth
b)
DNA Replication
c)
Preparation for Mitosis
d)
Cell Divison
117.

Select ALL stages of Interphase

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

Mitosis

118.

In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions

regulated?

a)

Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels

b)

Transduction

c)

Cytoskeleton rearrangement

d)

Endocytosis

119.

Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:

a)

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.

b)

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.

c)

relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

d)

amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.

120.

Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?

a)

cAMP

b)

G proteins

c)

phosphodiesterase

d)

protein kinase

121.

Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to

a)

the active site of an enzyme in the cytoplasm that binds to a specific substrate.

b)

RNA specifying the amino acids in a polypeptide.

c)

genes making up a chromosome.

d)

an enzyme with an optimal pH and temperature for activity.

122.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
123.
What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?
a)
phosphorylation cascade
b)
cAMP
c)
signal receptors
d)
phosphatase
124.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
125.

This is an example of

a)

paracrine signaling

b)

endocrine signaling

c)

autocrine signaling

d)

juxtacrine signaling

126.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

127.

Which letter represents the cell membrane?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

128.

Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

129.

Which letter represents the ligand?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

130.

_________ seals cells together

a)

desmosomes

b)

tight junctions

c)

gap junctions

d)

plasmodesmata

131.

which of the following cell-cell interactions are used for signaling?

a)

desmosomes

b)

gap junctions

c)

tight junctions

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Biology Fall Semester Exam Practice

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

Zoology Final Review

135 questions

Zoology Final Review

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

Ch. 12-The lymphatic system and body defenses

127 questions

Ch. 12-The lymphatic system and body defenses

quiz

Worksheet

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12th Grade

H-BIO_Unit 2 Cells Review

128 questions

H-BIO_Unit 2 Cells Review

quiz

Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

Midterm Practice 2.

132 questions

Midterm Practice 2.

quiz

Worksheet

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8th - 12th Grade