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WorksheetsCh9 Protein Synthesis (Whole Ch)
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 37mins
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Chromosome
Autosome
Gene
RNA
A sequence of DNA that specifies the beginning of a gene sequence
Promoter Sequence
Terminator Sequence
Chromatid
Start Codon
A sequence of DNA that specifies the end of a gene sequence
Promoter Sequence
Terminator Sequence
Start Codon
Stop Codon
Which of the following best describes the order of information flow in living things?
DNA->Protein->RNA
RNA->Protein->DNA
DNA->RNA->Protein
Protein->DNA->RNA
The process of copying gene information from DNA into RNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Transformation
The process of making proteins from information in RNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Transformation
The process of copying DNA (creating more identical DNA molecules)
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Transformation
Proteins are directly made from information in which molecule?
DNA
RNA
Both
Neither
One difference between DNA and RNA is...
DNA is left handed and RNA is right handed.
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
RNA is double stranded and DNA is single stranded
DNA is made of nucleotides and RNA is not.
One difference between DNA and RNA is the 5-carbon sugar found in the nucleotides. RNA uses ______ instead of _______.
Ribose; Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose, Ribose
Uracil; Thymine
Thymine; Uracil
DNA and RNA differ in the nitrogenous bases used in their nucleotides. Which of the following would be the four bases used in RNA?
A, T, C, G
T, U, C, G
A, U, C, G
A, T, U, G
If RNA is more directly used to make proteins, why isn't isn't it just used as the main genetic material instead of DNA?
DNA is more stable, leading to less mutation over time.
RNA can't fit in the nucleus
Because RNA can't carry genetic information.
There isn't any specific reason. It is just that way.
Which of the following molecules would NOT be a part of transcription?
Template DNA Strand
Free nucleotides (Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine)
RNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase
What is the product of transcription?
New DNA strands
pre-mRNA
RNA Polymerase
Protein
The enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA
DNA Polymerase
DNA Helicase
RNA Polymerase
Ribosomes
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Mitochondria
It occurs outside of the cell
Why is the product of transcription called a "pre-mRNA" molecule?
The pre-mRNA needs to be processed by removing the introns before it is mRNA.
The pre-mRNA needs to be processed by removing the exons before it is mRNA.
The pre-mRNA needs to be folded before it is an mRNA.
mRNA is built during translation
DNA is double stranded, so technically only one of the two strands contains the genetic code. What is the name for the strand that contains the genetic code and is transcribed?
The promoter
The template strand
Pre-mRNA
The terminator
The segments of pre-mRNA that are removed during gene processing.
Introns
Exons
Spliceosomes
Codons
The segments of pre-mRNA that are kept during gene processing and will become part of the mRNA molecule.
Introns
Exons
Spliceosomes
Codons
The "m" in mRNA stands for...
Mitochondrial
Magic
Messenger
Mature
Which of the following molecules would contain the genetic sequence for one specific protein?
DNA
mRNA
pre-mRNA
tRNA
The enzyme complex responsible for removing introns during gene processing.
RNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase
Spliceosomes
DNA Helicase
Which of the following best describes why introns and exons exist?
The presence of introns/exons means that a single DNA sequence can possibly produce more than one type of protein, depending on hw the pre-mRNA is processed.
The presence of introns/exons is an evolutionary consequence of a living thing becoming complex.
The presence of introns/exons has no purpose.
The presence of introns/exons means that a single DNA sequence can code for every protein in a cell.
Protein Synthesis involves two steps: In the first, DNA is copied into RNA. This process is called _________. In the second, RNA is used to make proteins. This is called _________.
Transcription; Translation
Translation; Transcription
Replication; Transcription
Replication; Translation
Which of the following would be the correct sequence of pre-mRNA based on the sequence of template DNA below:
T T C G A T A G
A A G C T A T C
A A G C U A U C
U U C G A U A G
T T C G A T A G
Which of the following molecules leaves the nucleus, and how?
DNA; exocytosis
mRNA; exocytosis
DNA; via the nuclear pores
mRNA; via the nuclear pores
DNA contains "Deoxyribose" sugars and RNA contains "Ribose" sugars. Look closely at those two words and you will see a relationship. Based on the names, what is the difference between these two molecules?
Deoxyribose is like ribose but deoxyribose is lacking an oxygen atom.
Ribose is like deoxyribose but ribose is lacking an oxygen atom.
There doesn't appear to be any relationship between these two molecules.
Where would you find promoter and terminator sequences?
pre-mRNA
Template DNA
mRNA
RNA Polymerase
Why are certain proteins made in one cell but not in another?
It is based on the DNA in each cell. They might have different DNA.
Each cell may have different transcription factors activated that regulate protein synthesis.
The brain tells certain cells to make or not make specific proteins.
Cells just know what they need to make or not make.
A gene that is actively being transcribed by a cell, resulting in the production of its specific protein.
Expression
Mutation
Replication
Processing
The subunits that build proteins
Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids
Nucleotides
Fatty Acids
There are (#) ____ different types of amino acids found in living things
Thousands
20
100
Millions
T/F: Some amino acids are manufactured by the body and others must be obtained in the foods we eat.
True
False
T/F: All species have their own unique amino acids that make up their proteins.
True
False
What is the difference between one protein and the next?
The length, type of amino acids, and order of the amino acid sequence
Only the length of the amino acid sequence.
Only the order of the amino acid sequence.
Only the type of amino acids in sequence.
Where are proteins manufactured in the cell?
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Which of the following is NOT part of the structure of a ribosome?
Two protein subunits; a large subunit and a small subunit.
rRNA
nucleotides
The type of RNA that plays an important role in the structure of a ribosome.
mRNA
pre-mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Which of the following best describes the role of a tRNA?
tRNA is a copy of the gene sequence taken from DNA
tRNA plays a role in the structure of a ribosome
tRNA molecules transfer specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation
tRNA replicates DNA
There are many different tRNA molecules and each carries a specific amino acid. How does one know which amino acid is carried by a tRNA?
It is random
It is based on the promoter sequence on tRNA
It is based on the anticodon sequence on the tRNA
It is based on the codon sequence on the tRNA
During translation, the mRNA codons match up to complementary _____ on tRNA
codons
anticodons
amino acids
nucleotides
(Use your chart in your notes...)
What amino acid does the codon sequence "UCG" code for?
Phe
Tyr
Ser
Ala
(Use your chart in your notes...)
What amino acid does the codon sequence "GCG" code for?
Phe
Tyr
Ser
Ala
What is a "start codon"?
A codon sequence in mRNA that signifies the starting point of translation
Signifies the start of a gene sequence on DNA
An enzyme that starts transcription
An enzyme that starts replication
Codons are (#) ___ bases long
2
3
4
5
The start codon sequence is...
AUG
CCC
GUA
UUU
What causes the end of translation?
A terminator sequence
A stop codon
A promoter sequence
An anticodon
How many codons are in the following mRNA sequence?
AUG CCG GCA ACA
1
12
4
8
How many amino acids would be found in a protein produced with the following mRNA code? (Use your chart or you will probably get this wrong!)
CCC AUG CCG GCA ACA UAU CGA UGA GAG
6
9
27
8
What is the genetic code?
A chart that shows the relationship between mRNA codon sequences and amino acids.
A code that explains how scientists decoded DNA structure
An explanation for why DNA makes RNA
A law put in place to protect people's genetic privacy.
Which process occurs first in protein synthesis?
Translation
Transcription
During translation, the adjacent amino-acids are linked together by _____bonds.
Hydrogen
Peptide
Codon
Protein
The chain of amino acids linked together during translation
Codon
Pre-Protein
Polypeptide
mRNA
The main difference between a polypeptide and a protein is...
A polypeptide is a linear chain of amino acids that makes up part or the whole of a protein when folded.
A protein is made during transcription and polypeptides are made during translation
Polypeptides are made in the nucleus whereas proteins are made at the ribosomes
There is no difference
The codon "CGU" on mRNA would bind to an anticodon of ___ in tRNA.
CGU
GCA
CGT
GCT
What is the difference between a start codon and a promoter sequence?
A start codon exists on mRNA and signifies the beginning of translation. A promoter is on DNA and is the start of transcription
A start codon exists on DNA and signifies the beginning of transcription. A promoter is on mRNA and is the start of translation
During translation, the ribosome has (#) __sites in which tRNA can bind to the mRNA-Ribosome Complex.
1
2
3
4
Any type of mutation that is caused by only a single nucleotide change.
Deletion Mutation
Point Mutation
Insertion Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation in which a single nucleotide is wrong. For instance, a "T" gets changed into a "C".
Insertion Mutation
Substitution Mutation
Deletion Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
Silent, Missense, and Nonsense are all forms of ______ mutations
Frameshift mutations
Insertion mutations
Substitution mutations
Deletion mutations
A type of mutation where the nucleotide change did not affect the amino acid produced.
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Frameshift
The type of mutation in which the nucleotide change affected a single amino acid in the protein sequence.
Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
The type of mutation that caused protein synthesis to stop because the nucleotide change created a stop codon.
Silent
Nonsense
Missense
Frameshift
Of the three types of substitution mutations, which one is the most likely to have a serious impact?
Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift
The type of mutation where a single nucleotide is added to the sequence.
Deletion
Substitution
Nonsense
Insertion
The type of mutation where a single nucleotide is removed from the sequence.
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Silent
Which two types of mutations lead to frameshift?
Substitution and Insertion
Deletion and Insertion
Substitution and Deletion
None of the above
Which type of mutation would this be?
Original - AAA GCG ATA CCG
Mutation - TTT GCG ATT CCG
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
Which type of mutation would this be?
Original - AAA GCG ATA CCG
Mutation - TTT GCG ATA ACC G
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
Which type of mutation would this be?
Original - AAA GCG ATA CCG
Mutation - TTT CGA TAC CG
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Frameshift
What type of mutation might cause a "Pro" amino acid to be made instead of a "Thr" amino acid? The rest of the polypeptide is produced correctly.
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Frameshift
What type of mutation might cause a "Pro" amino acid to be made instead of a "Thr" amino acid? The rest of the polypeptide is produced correctly.
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Frameshift
