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ES CA 2 Review

Total questions: 105

Worksheet time: 4hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
a)
Earthquake
b)
Volcano Eruption
c)
Tornado
d)
Mountain Building
2.
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
a)
Energy from the Sun
b)
Magnetic Pole Reversal
c)
Convection currents in the mantle
d)
Faults in Mountain Ranges
3.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
4.
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
a)
Pull apart
b)
Come together
c)
Slide past each other
d)
subducting
5.
Which of the following is NOT evidence to support the theory of plate tectonics?
a)
Fossils
b)
Mountains
c)
Glaciers
d)
Sand Erosion
6.
Which piece of evidence did Wegener use to prove continental drift?
a)
The shape of the continents
b)
Similar fossils found on separate continents
c)
Tree fossils found in odd places
d)
All of the above
7.
Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?
a)
strike-slip fault
b)
subduction zone
c)
mid oceanic ridges
d)
folded mountains.
8.

The word that means how easily water can penetrate the soil is _______.

a)

particle size

b)

porosity

c)

saturation

d)

hydrosphere

9.

_______ creates soil.

a)

Lightning

b)

Metamorphosis

c)

Weathering

d)

Woodland

10.

The ideal soil is called _______.

a)

loam

b)

silt

c)

clay

d)

sand

11.

Layers in the soil are called _______.

a)

soil layers

b)

orisons

c)

horizons

d)

surfaces

12.

Physical weathering refers to _______.

a)

physically putting a coat on during bad weather

b)

acid rain dissolving away rock surfaces

c)

anything that breaks rock into smaller pieces

d)

anything that breaks the Rock's heart

13.

Which of the following is a type of weathering that breaks down rocks and minerals?

a)

Chemical

b)

Mechanical

c)

Biological

d)

Permeable

14.

The layer of soil in which the topsoil is found.

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon B

c)

Horizon C

d)

Horizon D or R

15.

The rinsing of the topsoil from the Earth is called_________.

a)

Chemistry

b)

Irrigation

c)

Weathering

d)

Erosion

16.

What are the 3 types of particle sizes in soil?

a)

Sand, silt, and clay

b)

Clay, mud, and dirt

c)

Sand, gravel, and rocks

d)

Silt, sand, and minerals

17.

Which horizon or soil layer contains organic material, such as dead and dying material?

a)

O

b)

A

c)

B

d)

C

18.

Biodiversity is greater

a)

Near the poles

b)

In the Tundra

c)

In the desert

d)

Near the equator

19.

Select all of the correct answers that indicate ecological services provided by biodiversity.

a)

Purification of air and water

b)

Decomposition of wastes

c)

Trash services

d)

Control of pests

20.

A stable ecosystem typically has high biodiversity.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

Why is biodiversity important to ecosystems?

a)

It helps populations adapt to ecological changes.

b)

It increases at each level of the food chain.

22.

Where are many critical biodiversity hotspots located?

a)

islands, tropical rain forests, and coastal areas

b)

cities and developed areas of the world

23.

What is an example of a human disturbance?

a)

Deforestation

b)

Drought

c)

Tsunami

d)

Changing Seasons

24.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
25.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
26.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
27.
How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
a)
respiration and photosynthesis
b)
 decomposition and respiration
28.
How does the carbon in grass become part of a lion?
a)
The lion eats the grass
b)
Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion. 
c)
The carbon ends up in the lion's food chain. 
d)
The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant
29.

Which process contributes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

a)

anaerobic respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

protein synthesis

d)

tree farms

30.

Which of the following is correct?

a)

There is as much carbon on earth as when it was formed

b)

Carbon is being created whenever it is recycled

c)

Carbon is lost every time it is recycled

d)

Carbon changes to different forms and is never recovered

31.

Which form of carbon is the most potent greenhouse gas?

a)

CO2

b)

CH4

c)

C6H12O6

d)

C3H8O3

32.

What are two (2) ways to reduce the carbon emissions from passenger cars?

a)

Use less expensive gas

b)

Carpooling

c)

Public Transportation

d)

Driving only passenger cars

33.

What does the diagram indicate regarding the carbon cycle?

a)

Only terrestrial processes cycle carbon

b)

Only aquatic processes cycle carbon

c)

Terrestrial and aquatic processes are separate

d)

Both terrestrial and aquatic cycles operate together

34.

How do fossils form?

a)

ancient biomass is converted to fossil fuels through cellular respiration

b)

ancient biomass is converted to fossil fuels through time, heat and pressure

c)

current biomass is under heat and pressure until they become fossils

d)

atmospheric carbon diffuses into the soil and forms fossil fuels

35.
oxygen is a gas produced by _ and used by  _ 
a)
plants and animals 
b)
photosynthesis and carbon dioxide 
c)
animals and plants 
d)
carbon dioxide and photosynthesis
36.
What does NOT produce carbon dioxide?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Burning Fossil Fuels
c)
Animal respiration
d)
Plants decaying
37.

Which of the following statements best describes the term photosynthesis?

a)

When plants absorb the energy from the sun.

b)

How plants reproduce.

c)

The process by which plants make their own food.

d)

The process by which animals make their own food.

38.

The process of photosynthesis takes place in the:

a)

Leaves of the Plant.

b)

Stem of the plant.

c)

Roots of the plant.

d)

All of the above.

39.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
40.

Select all that are raw materials for Photosynthesis.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Sunlight (Light Energy)

e)

Glucose (Sugar/food)

41.
Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?
a)
Enter: Oxygen
Exit: Carbon dioxide
b)
Enter: Water vapor
Exit: Glucose
c)
Enter: Carbon dioxide
Exit: Oxygen
d)
Enter: Light
Exit: Water vapor
42.
What is the ultimate ORIGINAL source of energy for living things
a)
Sugar
b)
Sun
c)
Moon
d)
Carbon Dioxide
43.

What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?

a)

Chlorosynthesis

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Green

44.
Glucose is a ...
a)
sugar
b)
carbohydrate
c)
source of quick energy
d)
all are correct
45.
The formula for glucose is...
a)
C12 H22 O11
b)
NaCl
c)
NaOH
d)
C6 H12 O6
46.

The number of females and males of each age contained in a population...

a)

limiting factor

b)

demography

c)

age structure

d)

logistic growth

47.

Factors that are influential only when population density reaches a certain level...

a)

density-dependent limiting factor

b)

limiting factor

c)

logistic growth

d)

density-independent limiting factor

48.

The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support...

a)

demography

b)

emigration

c)

exponential growth

d)

carrying capacity

49.

The larger a population gets, the faster it grows...

a)

immigration

b)

exponential growth

c)

logistic growth

d)

demography

50.

The study of human populations...

a)

emigration

b)

age structure

c)

demography

d)

immigration

51.

A dramatic change from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates...

a)

age structure

b)

demographic transition

c)

exponential growth

d)

logistic growth

52.
What is the carrying capacity for this sheep population?
a)
1.8 million
b)
1.25 million
c)
1.6 million
d)
1.o million
53.
Largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support...  
a)
carrying capacity
b)
population crash
c)
lag phase
d)
mutualism
54.
When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Continues to grow
b)
The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
55.
In a forest ecosystem, which of the following is the best example of a limiting factor for a rabbit population?
a)
Squirrel Population
b)
Sunlight
c)
Grass available
56.
which statement sounds accurate based on the graph data. 
a)
The zebra and lions do not affect each other
b)
when lions population increases, so does the zebra population
c)
When the zebra population increases, it causes the lion population to also increase
d)
when zebra populations go down, the zebra population goes up. 
57.

Which of the following are density dependent factors?

a)

competition for resources

b)

predation

c)

disease

d)

natural disasters

58.

Which of the following are examples of a density independent factors?

a)

forest fire

b)

seasonal cycles

c)

storms

d)

disease

59.

During a(n) ____ event, trade winds are much stronger than usual.

a)

El Nino

b)

La Nina

c)

Normal

d)

Partly sunny

60.

During an El Nino, trade winds are typically...

a)

about average

b)

stronger

c)

weaker

61.

The picture represents a(n) ___ event.

a)

El Nino

b)

La Nina

c)

Non-El Nino (normal conditions)

62.

How often do El Nino events occur?

a)

2-5 years

b)

2-7 years

c)

7-10 years

63.

What process is shown in this picture?

(a)  

64.
During __________ the Pacific warm pool is on the western side.
a)
Normal Conditions
b)
El Nino
65.
One consequence of El Nino is _______ and increased rainfall in South America..
a)
flooding
b)
stronger Tradewinds
c)
strong winter storms
d)
drought
66.
Second layer of the atmosphere, extending about 17-48 kilometers above the earth’s surface. It contains a layer of gaseous ozone, which filters out about 95% of the incoming harmful ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun
a)
Mesosphere
b)
Troposphere
c)
Stratosphere
d)
Ozone
67.
Layer of gaseous ozone in the stratosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out most harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun
a)
Greenhouse Gases
b)
Troposphere
c)
Stratosphere
d)
Ozone Layer
68.
The breakdown of stratospheric ozone
I. can originate from the emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
II. is catalyzed through a free chlorine (Cl) atom.
III. prevents UV rays from reaching the earth’s surface.
a)
I only
b)
III only
c)
I,&II
d)
I,II,& III
69.
How do CFCs affect ozone production?
a)
UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
b)
Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
c)
UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
d)
Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
70.
Depletion of ozone layer is a concern because it normally absorbs ____% of the sun's UV radiation. 
a)
50
b)
75
c)
89
d)
99
71.
When oxygen gas in the lower stratosphere is struck by this, it splits, leading to the formation of a ozone molecule.
a)
visible light
b)
ultraviolet radiation
c)
infrared
d)
gamma rays
72.

When is the ozone hole largest?

a)

early Antarctic spring

b)

late Antarctic summer

c)

early Antarctic winter

d)

late Antarctic fall

73.

Which chemical that replaced CFCs in refrigerants is now a concern as a major greenhouse gas?

a)

CFCs

b)

HFCs

c)

DDT

d)

CFCl2

74.

UV rays can cause obvious short term damage, such as sunburn, as well as long term damage that accumulates with each exposure to the sun.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

Location of the large whole in the ozone.

a)

Antarctica

b)

Artic

c)

Iceland

d)

Africa

76.

Which is most strongly absorbed by ozone in the statosphere?

a)

UV-A

b)

UV-B

c)

UV-C

d)

UV-B and UV-C

e)

UV-A and UV-B

77.
Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth would be too
a)
warm 
b)
cold
c)
dead
d)
funny
78.

Which 2 greenhouse gases contribute the MOST to global warming of Earth?

a)

N2O and H2O

b)

O3 and H2O

c)

CO2 and CH4

79.
How can global warming cause sea levels to rise? Choose the best answer.
a)
by causing it to rain more often
b)
by melting glaciers and ice caps
c)
by increasing the number of undersea volcanic eruptions
d)
by creating bigger and more powerful hurricanes
80.

The graph below shows CO2 emissions and temperatures from 1909 to 1949. What conclusion is best supported by the graph?

a)

There is no relationship between carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures

b)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase

c)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures decrease

d)

As carbon dioxide concentrations decrease, temperatures increase

81.

What is the greenhouse effect?

a)

A natural process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

b)

A man-made process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

c)

A natural process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

d)

A man-made process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

82.

What is Global Warming?

a)

Increasing temperature in Earth's atmosphere

b)

Decreasing temperature in a city

c)

Increasing rain rates in Earth

d)

Decreasing temperature rates

83.
Without the Greenhouse Effect the Earth would be too
a)
warm 
b)
cold
c)
dead
d)
funny
84.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of Global Warming?
a)
Polar ice caps will melt.
b)
Coastal regions will be covered with rising sea levels.
c)
Some areas will experience serious droughts
d)
The Earth's rotation will slow down and eventually stop
85.
The main human activity that releases greenhouse gases is
a)
using bottled water
b)
burning fossil fuels
c)
texting on cellphones
d)
eating meat
86.

Which 2 greenhouse gases contribute the MOST to global warming of Earth?

a)

N2O and H2O

b)

O3 and H2O

c)

CO2 and CH4

87.
How can global warming cause sea levels to rise? Choose the best answer.
a)
by causing it to rain more often
b)
by melting glaciers and ice caps
c)
by increasing the number of undersea volcanic eruptions
d)
by creating bigger and more powerful hurricanes
88.
Why does cutting down trees increase global warming?
a)
trees soak up carbon dioxide
b)
trees provide shade which counteracts global warming
c)
trees absorbs the sun's energy without radiating back into the atmosphere
d)
trees drain greenhouse gases like methane from soil
89.
Things you can do to help decrease global warming include:
a)
Eat more ice cream.
b)
Keep your freezer door open.
c)
Keep your air conditioner on high.
d)
Turn off your lights when you’re not using them.
90.

The graph below shows CO2 emissions and temperatures from 1909 to 1949. What conclusion is best supported by the graph?

a)

There is no relationship between carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures

b)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase

c)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures decrease

d)

As carbon dioxide concentrations decrease, temperatures increase

91.

What is the greenhouse effect?

a)

A natural process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

b)

A man-made process where gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

c)

A natural process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

d)

A man-made process where the ocean traps heat in the atmosphere.

92.

Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Nitrous Oxide

c)

Oxygen Gas

d)

Methane

93.

This is a simple diagram of the greenhouse effect. According to this diagram, the energy first comes from...

a)

The Sun

b)

The Earth

c)

The Atmosphere

94.

Which one is NOT a CAUSE of Climate Change?

a)

Burning Fossil Fuel

b)

Deforestation

c)

Intensive Farming / Livestock Gas

d)

South Pole Ice melting

95.
In a warmer world, we would expect more
a)
droughts
b)
hurricanes
c)
desert expansions
d)
all of these
96.

Carbon Dioxide, CO2, comes from

a)

Burning fossil fuels

b)

Cold water

c)

Animal manure

d)

Plastic

97.

Some ways to slow Global Warming are

a)

Take lots of airplane trips

b)

Making your bed and cleaning your room.

c)

Buying food and items from far away (other countries)

d)

Riding your bike, recycling, save energy, use less water

98.

Carbon Dioxide, CO2, comes from

a)

Burning fossil fuels

b)

Cold water

c)

Animal manure

d)

Plastic

99.
In a warmer world, we would expect more
a)
droughts
b)
hurricanes
c)
desert expansions
d)
all of these
100.

People don't typically live as long.

a)

More developed

b)

Less developed

101.

Lower death rates

a)

More developed

b)

Less developed

102.

What age groups does the bottom of a population pyramid represent?

a)

The elderly

b)

The working adults

c)

The children

d)

Males

103.

What growth rate does this population pyramid represent?

a)

Rapid Growth

b)

Slow Growth

c)

Negative Growth

d)

Zero Growth

104.

Is this country Developed or Developing?

a)

Developed

b)

Developing

105.

Predict the future population growth of this country.

a)

Negative Growth (the population will shrink)

b)

Slow/No Growth (the population will stay about the same)

c)

Growth (the population will definitely grow)

d)

Fast Growth (the population will explode)

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