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DNA + Cell Cycle Review

Total questions: 135

Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Starting with Gap 1, what is the correct order of the cell cycle?

a)

G1 > G2 > S > M

b)

G1 > S > G2 > M

c)

G1 > M > S > G2

d)

G1 > S > M > G2

2.

What happens during S?

a)

The cell grows and carries out normal functions

b)

The DNA in the cell is copied

c)

The cell grows a little bit more

d)

The cell divides itself

3.

What happens during M?

a)

The cell grows and carries out normal functions

b)

The DNA in the cell is copied

c)

The cell grows a little bit more

d)

The cell divides itself

4.

What happens during metaphase?

a)

Chromosomes condense

b)

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

c)

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides

d)

Chromosomes unwind

5.

Which phase of mitosis is being shown?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

6.

Which phase of mitosis is being shown?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

7.

Which phase of mitosis is being shown?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

8.

Which of the following best represents a replicated chromosome?

a)
b)
c)
d)
9.

Which of the following statements about cytokinesis is FALSE?

a)

Cytokinesis is not a part of mitosis/it is its own phase

b)

Cytokinesis divides the cells cytoplasm

c)

After cytokinesis, cells go back into G1

d)

After cytokinesis, one of the two new cells must die

10.
What is the result of mitosis and cytokinesis
a)
two identical cells
b)
two identical chromosomes
c)
two identical nuclei
d)
two identical mitochondria
11.
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
a)
interphase
b)
mitosis
c)
cytokinesis
12.
Mitosis occurs in which of the following cells?
a)
sperm cells
b)
egg cells
c)
somatic (body) cells
13.
Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?
a)
Small Cells
b)
Medium Size Cells
c)
Large Cells
d)
X-Large Cells
14.
How does the SA:V ratio change as the size of the cell increases?
a)
It increases
b)
it decreases
c)
it remains the same
d)
it is not affected by cell size
15.
Which increases at a faster rate as cell size gets larger?
a)
SA
b)
V
c)
The SA and V increase at the same rate
16.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
17.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
18.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
19.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
20.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides ("The Builder")?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
21.
The concept that DNA is made of two strands running in opposite directions is called:
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Isomerism
c)
Enantiomerism
d)
S/R Chirality
22.
The term used to describe DNA Replication is:
a)
Semi-Conservative
b)
Conservative
c)
AntiParallel
d)
Dispersive
23.
Which enzyme seals okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
Helicase
c)
Polymerase
d)
Ligase
24.

In what direction does replication occur?

a)

3' ----> 5'

b)

5' -----> 3'

c)

It doesn't matter

d)

Both directions

25.

Because DNA replication can only go in one direction, you get 2 different kinds of strands. What are the called?

a)

Continuous and Discontinuous

b)

First and Second

c)

Leading and Lagging

d)

Forward and Backward

26.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
27.
What is A?
a)
Leading strand
b)
Lagging strand
c)
Okazaki Fragments
d)
DNA plymerase
28.
What strand is copied backwards?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
29.
The concept that DNA is made of two strands running in opposite directions is called:
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Isomerism
c)
Enantiomerism
d)
S/R Chirality
30.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

31.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

32.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

33.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

34.

​What gray enzyme in the picture is shown removing the RNA primer?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Exonuclease

d)

RNA Primase

35.

Who discovered complementary base pairing?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Chargaff

d)

Hershey & Chase

36.

Who made images of DNA using xrays?

a)

Watson and Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Chargaff

d)

Hershy and Chase

37.
If a species has 33% A what is the percentage of C?
a)
33%
b)
17%
c)
34%
d)
67%
38.

Sister chromatids are

a)

found only when a cell is not actively dividing

b)

tightly linked together at the centromere

c)

formed when chromatids separated during cell division

d)

made only of DNA

39.

Cancerous cells have a higher mitotic index than normal cells.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Whenever the cell cycle malfunctions and the checkpoints cannot control the cells, ________________can develop.

a)

covid

b)

cancer

c)

cure

d)

corona

41.

What happens during G1?

a)

The cell grows and carries out normal functions

b)

The DNA in the cell is copied

c)

The cell grows a little bit more

d)

The cell divides itself

42.

What happens during G2?

a)

The cell grows and carries out normal functions

b)

The DNA in the cell is copied

c)

The cell grows a little bit more preparing for mitosis

d)

The cell divides itself

43.

What happens during prophase?

a)

Chromosomes condense

b)

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

c)

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides

d)

Chromosomes unwind

44.

What happens during anaphase?

a)

Chromosomes condense

b)

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

c)

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides

d)

Chromosomes unwind

45.

Which phase of mitosis is being shown?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

46.

Which phase of mitosis is being shown?

a)

Prophase

b)

Metaphase

c)

Anaphase

d)

Telophase

e)

Cytokinesis

47.

Which 3 phases make up interphase?

a)

G1, S, & G2

b)

G1, G2, & M

c)

G2, S, & M

d)

G1, M, & G2

48.

Which of the following best represents a sister chromatid?

a)
b)
c)
d)
49.
Why do cells copy their DNA before mitosis occurs?
a)
so the two new cells have identical DNA
b)
so one cell can have two copies of each DNA
c)
so each new DNA has a chromosome to be part of
d)
in case some of them die
50.
What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis?
a)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
b)
metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase
c)
telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
51.
The region in the center of two sister chromatids that attaches to spindle fibers is the _____.
a)
centromere
b)
centriole
c)
chromosome
52.
If a somatic body cell has 10 chromosomes, how many will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
a)
5
b)
10
c)
20
53.
How is the relationship between the cell size and the cell nutrient absorption rate determined?
W=width, L=length, H=height, SA= surface area, and V=volume
a)
(6xWxL)
b)
(WxLxH)
c)
SA ➗V
d)
V➗SA
54.
Which cube-shaped cell would be the most efficient?
A: .01 mm
B: 1.4 mm
a)
A
b)
B
c)
They are equally efficient
55.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
56.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
57.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
58.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
59.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
60.
What is the end result of replication?
a)
Two new identical strands of DNA
b)
One parent strand and one daughter strand of DNA
c)
Two new and different strands of DNA
d)
One new strand of DNA
61.
Small segments of DNA made on the lagging strand are called:
a)
Okazaki Fragments
b)
ERVs
c)
Transposable Elements
d)
Telomeres
62.

The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape?

a)

enzyme

b)

unzip

c)

A replication fork

63.

This enzyme synthesizes short RNA sequences to guide DNA Polymerase

a)

Primers

b)

DNA Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Topoisomerase

64.

When does the cell need to replicate DNA?

a)

when it needs to make a new cell

b)

when it makes protein

c)

when it regulates key reactions

d)

all of the above

65.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
66.
What do we call DNA replication since new DNA has 1 parent strand and 1 new strand?
a)
Conservative 
b)
Semiconservative 
c)
Dispersive
67.
DNA Replication is the process of turning 1 DNA molecule into...
a)
1 DNA molecule
b)
2 DNA molecules
c)
3 DNA molecules
d)
4 DNA molecule
68.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
69.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

70.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

71.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

72.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

73.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

74.
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
a)
5' T T T A A A G 3'
b)
3' T T T A A A G 5'
c)
5' A A A T T T C 3'
d)
3' U U U A A A G 5'
75.
Who made the model of the double helix?
a)
Franklin and Wilkins
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Chargaff
d)
Hershey and Chase
76.
What is the percentage of T?
a)
22%
b)
11%
c)
28%
d)
50%
77.

Which of the following is a difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

a)

regeneration is exclusive to sexual reproduction

b)

asexual reproduction occurs only in haploid organisms

c)

sexual reproduction includes the development of unfertilized eggs

d)

sexual reproduction is more likely to increase the chance of genetic variation than is asexual reproduction

78.
Uncontrollable cell growth is known as _____
a)
Obesity
b)
Cancer
c)
Diabetes
d)
Hepatitis
79.

Cancer may present as

a)

few dividing cells with organized arrangement

b)

many dividing cells with disorganized arrangement

c)

normal shape

d)

normal functions

80.

Throughout the cell cycle, there are checkpoints that

a)

inspect the cells to make sure they are developing normally

b)

send the cells to resting states

c)

check on the cells to make sure they are there

d)

inspect the cells for accuracy

81.

Which of the following describes why there is a leading and lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

DNA is antiparallel

b)

DNA is negatively charged

c)

DNA has a phosphate group

d)

DNA has hydrogen bonds

82.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking the hydrogen bonds between nucleotides?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Primase

d)

DNA ligase

83.

Which of the following explains the base pairing rules?

a)

G pairs with T with 3 hydrogen bonds and A pairs with C with 2 hydrogen bonds

b)

G pairs with T with 2 hydrogen bonds and A pairs with C with 3 hydrogen bonds

c)

A pairs with T with 2 hydrogen bonds and G pairs with C with 3 hydrogen bonds

d)

A pairs with T with 3 hydrogen bonds and G pairs with C with 2 hydrogen bonds

84.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Primase

d)

DNA ligase

85.

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands?

a)

DNA is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction on the lagging strand and a 3' to 5' direction on the leading strand

b)

DNA is synthesized in a 3' to 5' direction on the lagging strand and a 5' to 3' direction on the leading strand

c)

DNA is synthesized continuously on the leading strand and discontinuously on the lagging strand

d)

DNA is synthesized discontinuously on the leading strand and continuously on the lagging strand

86.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Primase

d)

DNA ligase

87.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
88.
A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.
a)
Replication
b)
Translation
c)
Transcription
89.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
90.
The process of DNA replication is called semi conservative because it results in
a)
none of these
b)
Two DNA molecules.  One original molecule and one with two new strands
c)
two exact copies with new strands
d)
two identical molecules, each with 1 original strand and one new.
91.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
92.
If a strand reads:
3' A A A T T T C 5'
The matching strand would read...
a)
5' T T T A A A G 3'
b)
3' T T T A A A G 5'
c)
5' A A A T T T C 3'
d)
3' U U U A A A G 5'
93.
Polymerase is able to replicate the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.
a)
continuously
b)
only in short fragments
c)
very slowly
d)
prokaryotically
94.

This enzyme is used to remove short RNA bases

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Helicase

c)

Exonuclease

d)

Telomerase

95.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
96.
Small segments of DNA made on the lagging strand are called:
a)
Okazaki Fragments
b)
ERVs
c)
Transposable Elements
d)
Telomeres
97.
What strand is copied backwards?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
98.
What strand is copied faster?
a)
Leading
b)
Lagging
99.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

100.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

101.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

102.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

103.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

104.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

105.

​What gray enzyme in the picture is shown removing the RNA primer?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Exonuclease

d)

RNA Primase

106.
Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?
a)
DNA polymerase binds to the leading strand
b)
DNA is unwound
c)
Hydrogen bonds form between bases
d)
chromosomes condense
107.

Which enzyme starts adding RNA nucleotide segments to mark starting point for replication?

a)

helicase

b)

RNA primase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

ligase

108.

In replication, a single strand from the original DNA molecule is used as a _______________ for the new strand. (helps make an exact copy)

a)

Pattern

b)

Template

c)

Copy

d)

Xerox

109.

Which is the correct order of enzymes in DNA Replication?

a)

helicase, primase, polymerase, ligase

b)

helicase, polymerase, ligase, primase

c)

primase, ligase, helicase, polymerase

d)

ligase, helicase, polymerase, primase

110.

Which is the correct order of DNA Replication steps?

a)

Unwinding & Unzipping, Base Pairing, Joining

b)

Joining, Base Pairing, Unwinding & Unzipping

c)

Base Pairing, Unwinding & Unzipping, Joining

d)

Unwinding & Unzipping, Joining, Base Pairing

111.
How do the leading, and the lagging strands differ?
a)
The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction.
b)
The leading strand is synthesized at twice the rate of the lagging strand.
c)
The leading strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized continuously. 
d)
The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5? end. 
112.
What determines the nucleotide sequence of the newly synthesized strand during DNA replication? 
a)
 the particular DNA polymerase catalyzing the reaction
b)
the relative amounts of the four nucleoside triphosphates in the cell
c)
the nucleotide sequence of the template strand 
d)
the primase used in the reaction e. the arrangement of histones in the sugar phosphate backbone
113.

The rate at which materials enter and leave the cell depends on the cell's

a)

volume

b)

weight

c)

speciation

d)

surface area

114.
Which cells are more efficient at obtaining nutrients?
a)
Small Cells
b)
Medium Size Cells
c)
Large Cells
d)
X-Large Cells
115.
What is the relationship between the cell size and the cell nutrient absorption rate?
a)
The smaller the cell size the less nutrients are absorbed
b)
The larger the cell size the more nutrients are absorbed
c)
The smaller the cell size the more nutrients are absorbed
d)
The relationship between cell size and nutrient absorption rate cannot be determined
116.
The amount of nutrients needed is determined by...
a)
The cell's volume
b)
The cell's surface area
c)
The cell's Rough ER
d)
The cell's Smooth ER
117.
As a cell becomes larger, its
a)
surface area increases faster than its volume.
b)
volume increases faster than its surface area
118.
The larger a cell is, the more difficult it is for the cell to move enough nutrients and wastes across its cell membrane to maintain its normal functions.
a)
True
b)
False
119.
As a cell’s size increases, its ratio of surface area to volume decreases.
a)
True
b)
False
120.
How can surface area (SA) be increased? 
a)
Grow larger
b)
Divide into smaller pieces
121.
High Surface area to volume ratio allows cells to do what quickly?
a)
Move materials around inside the cell
b)
Move materials in and out of the cell 
c)
Communicate to other cells
d)
Divide
122.

A cell has a volume of 64 units and total surface area of 96 units. What is the cell's surface area to volume ratio?

a)

1.5:1

b)

2.8:1

c)

1:1.5

d)

4.7:1

123.

Which of the following is least efficient?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

124.

Which of the following has the largest surface area to volume ratio?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

125.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
amino acid
d)
protein
126.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
ribose (sugar) and nitrogen bases
b)
ribose (sugar) and phosphate
c)
deoxyribose (sugar) and nitrogen bases
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
127.
Which shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?
a)
C-A, T-G
b)
A-G, C-T
c)
C-G, U-A
d)
T-A, G-C
128.

Who made images of DNA using xrays?

a)

Watson and Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Chargaff

d)

Hershy and Chase

129.
Who made the model of the double helix?
a)
Franklin and Wilkins
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Chargaff
d)
Hershey and Chase
130.
What will the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT?
a)
AACGATA
b)
TTCGTTA
c)
CCTGATA
d)
TTCGATA
131.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
132.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
133.
A five-carbon sugar found in DNA.
a)
ribose
b)
guanine
c)
deoxyribose
d)
helicase
134.

If one strand of DNA runs 5' to 3' the other strand runs

a)

5' to 3' parallel

b)

3' to 5' antiparallel

c)

5' to 3' antiparallel

d)

3' to 3'

135.

Who discovered complementary base pairing?

a)

Watson & Crick

b)

Franklin

c)

Chargaff

d)

Hershey & Chase

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