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Chem Unit 2 States of Matter

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Why does solid water (ice) float when placed in liquid water?
a)
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
b)
Ice is more dense than liquid water.
c)
Ice has less mass than the water in which it is floating.
d)
Ice has less volume than the water in which it is floating.
2.
Jada and Brian are using a venn diagram to organize the information they learned about solids, liquids, and gases. What should they write where all of the states overlap at position 7?
a)
Particles are spaced far apart.
b)
Particles are constantly moving.
c)
Shape depends on the container.
d)
Sample does not take shape of the container.
3.
Which state of matter will take both the volume and shape of the container that holds it?
a)
ice
b)
gas
c)
solid
d)
liquid
4.
A student drew models of particles in a substance. Which model best represents the particles in a solid?
a)
a
b)
b
c)
c
d)
d
5.
A solid sample of oil is warmed until it turns into a liquid. Which property of the oil will decrease?
a)
density
b)
volume
c)
kinetic energy
d)
thermal energy
6.
A child is upset because his ice cream is melting. He thinks he now has less dessert. Which of these explanations correctly states why the child is incorrect?
a)
No mass is lost during a change of state.
b)
He actually has more, not less, ice cream.
c)
The mass will increase if he freezes the melted ice cream.
d)
Mass is lost only during certain changes of state, such as freezing.
7.
Which statement explains why a rock does not sink in a lake that is frozen over?
a)
Particles in a solid are fixed in place.
b)
Particles are much harder in a solid than a liquid.
c)
Particles are much closer together in a solid than a liquid.
d)
Particles in a solid are moving too fast for anything to penetrate them.
8.
Ana is creating models to show atoms of solid bromine, liquid bromine, and gaseous bromine. How should her three models differ?
a)
The size of the atoms should vary depending on the state.
b)
The mass of the atoms should vary depending on the state.
c)
The motion of the atoms should vary depending on the state.
d)
The identity of the atoms should vary depending on the state.
9.
The illustration shows three different states of a substance. Which of these happens when the substance changes from the state shown in jar B to the state shown in jar A?
a)
The particles move more freely.
b)
The mass of the substance increases.
c)
The identity of the substance changes.
d)
The particles expand to fill their container.
10.
The diagrams show the particle arrangement of the same material in three different states of matter. Which diagram most likely represents the state in which particles are moving fastest?
a)
a
b)
b
c)
c
d)
d. Particle speed is not related to state of matter.
11.
In which types of matter are particles free to exchange places?
a)
solids
b)
liquids
c)
gases
12.
The amount of kinetic energy of the particles of the substances ________ from solid to liquid to gas.
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
13.
In a _____, the kinetic energy is less than in a _____ so the influence of the particle attraction is greater.
a)
liquid, gas
b)
gas, liquid
14.
According to kinetic theory, how many particles that make up a substance are constantly in motion?
a)
all of the particles
b)
none of the particles
c)
more than half of the particles but not all
d)
fewer than half of the particles but more than none
15.
Which of these statements describes a liquid?
a)
A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
b)
A liquid has a definite shape but not a definite volume.
c)
A liquid has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
d)
A liquid has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
16.
Ms. Rehak shows her students these models of the three states of matter. Which of Ms. Rehak's models represent a gas?
a)
only 1
b)
only 2
c)
only 3
d)
1 and 2
17.

The diagram shows particles in three states of matter. What do each of the states of matter have in common?

a)

The particles are locked into position.

b)

The particles in each are in constant motion.

c)

The particles take the shape of their containers.

d)

The particles have the same volume in each container.

18.

Which change of state takes place when a gas loses energy?

a)

melting

b)

evaporation

c)

solidification

d)

condensation

19.

As water changes state, the water either absorbs or releases energy. Which of these is a process that releases energy?

a)

ice subliming

b)

snow melting

c)

lake water freezing

d)

ocean water evaporating

20.

What is the boiling point of water?

a)

0* C

b)

32* C

c)

100* C

d)

212* C

21.

An ice cube is left on a plate and begins to melt. Which best explains how the molecules of water change?

a)

The molecules began far apart and moving randomly, and end up close together and locked in position.

b)

The molecules begin far apart and moving randomly, and end up close together but with some room to move.

c)

The molecules begin close together, with some room to move, and end up close together and locked in position.

d)

The molecules begin close together and locked in position, and end up close together but with some room to move.

22.

Which changes of state result in a decrease in the kinetic energy of the particles?

a)

melting, boiling

b)

freezing, evaporation

c)

melting, condensation

d)

freezing, condensation

23.

An ice cube melts, and then the liquid water evaporates. Which statement is true about the mass of water that goes through each change of state?

a)

The mass of the water in each state is the same because mass is conserved.

b)

The mass of water increases as the water's volume increases with each change of state.

c)

The mass of water vapor is less than the mass of ice because some water is lost during each change of state.

d)

The mass of water vapor is less than the mass of ice because the density of water vapor is less than the density of ice.

24.

As liquid water loses energy in the form of heat, the water begins to freeze. What causes freezing?

a)

The lost energy causes the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in the liquid water to break.

b)

The loss of heat causes the molecules in the ice cube to contract and forces them together.

c)

Heat removes thermal energy from the liquid water and causes it to become an ice cube.

d)

The loss of thermal energy from the water causes its molecules to move slower.

25.

As water changes state, the water either absorbs or releases energy. Which of these is a process that releases energy?

a)

ice subliming

b)

snow melting

c)

lake water freezing

d)

ocean water evaporating

26.

The photo demonstrates that liquids can change ________.

a)

shape

b)

volume

27.

The ________ of the spilled milk is the same as the ________ of the milk that was in the glass to start.

a)

shape, shape

b)

volume, volume

28.

Why does the milk flow out of the glass and spread out into a thin puddle rather than staying in the glass or spreading out more on the floor?

a)

The particles can break apart, but cannot move.

b)

The particles can slide past each other, but attractions hold them close together.

c)

The particles cannot move, but they can grow in size.

29.

How can the volume of gas in the balloons be greater than the volume of the cylinder used to fill them?

a)

A gas has a fixed shape.

b)

A gas expands to fill its container.

c)

The volume of the container does not depend on the gas.

30.

How can the properties of the particles in a gas explain why the volume of the balloons is greater than the volume of the container?

a)

The gas particles are locked in place in the cylinder, but can move in any direction inside the balloons.

b)

The gas particles are bigger in the balloons.

c)

The distance between the gas particles is greater in the balloons.

31.

If the gas cylinder is empty after all of the balloons are filled, how does the total number of particles in all the balloons compare to the total number of particles that were in the cylinder?

a)

There are fewer particles in the balloons than were in the cylinder.

b)

There are more particles in the balloons than were in the cylinder.

c)

The number of particles in the balloons is the same as the number of particles that was in the cylinder.

32.

A student drew a model showing particles that are close together in a regular pattern. Which sample has the student most likely drawn a model of?

a)

a bar of gold

b)

molten aluminum

c)

an air sample

d)

bromine gas

33.

Which are true about the properties of solids, liquids, and gases? Select all that apply.

a)

Liquids and gases can change shape.

b)

Only gases can change volume.

c)

Only solids have a fixed shape.

d)

Liquids and gases have a fixed volume.

e)

Solids and gases can change volume.

34.

Sweating is one way the body cools itself. Which statement best explains this cooling process?

a)

Water condenses on the skin, adding thermal energy to the body.

b)

Moisture from the body evaporates from the skin, removing thermal energy from the body.

35.

Which situations model a process similar to sweating? Select all that apply.

a)

water droplets forming on the outside of a glass of ice water

b)

a wet bandana around the neck of a hiker

c)

wet clothes hanging on a clothes line

d)

a hot, moist towel placed on sore muscles to soothe them

36.

Which weather conditions would most likely create the fog as shown in the photo?

a)

rapidly cooling air that is low in water vapor

b)

rapidly cooling air that is high in water vapor

c)

rapidly warming air that is low in water vapor

d)

rapidly warming air that is high in water vapor

37.

Clouds and fog form under similar conditions. As air rises, the reduced pressure allows the air to expand and cool under water vapor _________ into water droplets that form the clouds.

a)

condenses

b)

evaporates

c)

freezes

38.

As snow slowly melts in the sunshine, what is happening to the particles of water that make up the snow? Circle all that apply.

a)

Particles are gaining energy.

b)

Particles are changing from liquids to solid.

c)

Particle motion is increasing.

39.

Reggie puts a beaker of ice and water on a hot plate, as shown, and turns the hot plate on. How is the liquid water, as it is warming, different from the ice?

a)

The freezing point of the ice is lower.

b)

The temperature of the liquid water is lower.

c)

The average kinetic energy of the ice particles is lower.

d)

The motion of the particles that make up the water is slower.

40.

Reggie puts a beaker of ice and water on a hot plate, as shown, and turns the hot plate on. What type of change would you expect the ice to undergo?

a)

A purely physical change because it will change state.

b)

A physical and chemical change because it will change state.

c)

A purely physical change because it will form a new substance.

d)

A physical and chemical change because it will form a new substance.

41.

Energy in the form of heat was applied to a beaker containing a certain substance. The particles of the substance began to move farther apart until they were arranged as shown by the arrow in the diagram. What change of state occurred to the substance in the beaker?

a)

The substance changed from a gas to a solid.

b)

The substance changed from a liquid to a gas.

c)

The substance changed from a gas to a liquid.

d)

The substance changed from a liquid to a solid.

42.

Which energy transfer takes place when water freezes to form ice crystals in the atmosphere?

a)

Energy is transferred from the air into the water.

b)

Energy is transferred from the water into the air.

c)

Energy is transferred from the water into the ground.

d)

Energy is transferred from warmer ice crystals to colder ones.

43.

Frost forms when water vapor changes directly from a gas to ice in a process called deposition. If you were to model the water particles before and after deposition, how would they compare?

a)

Before deposition, the particles vibrate in place; after deposition, they slide by each other.

b)

Before deposition, the particles slide by each other; after deposition, they vibrate in place.

c)

Before deposition, the particles vibrate in place; after deposition, they move more quickly in all directions.

d)

Before deposition, the particles move quickly in all directions; after deposition, they vibrate in place.

44.

Addison warms a pure, solid substance in a system closed off from the surroundings. He listed the changes in temperature over time and the physical state of the substance. Which of these could represent the missing values in Addison’s data table?

a)

X = 50; Y = 100; Z = 50

b)

X = 50; Y = 100; Z = 150

c)

X = −50; Y = −100; Z = −50

d)

X = −50; Y = −100; Z = −150

45.

Which phrase describes the changes that take place when a gas condenses?

a)

loss of energy and increased particle motion

b)

gain of energy and increased particle motion

c)

loss of energy and decreased particle motion

d)

gain of energy and decreased particle motion

46.

What is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles?

a)

thermal energy

b)

temperature

c)

change of state

d)

boiling point

47.

How does increasing thermal energy affect a substance's kinetic energy?

a)

The kinetic energy decreases.

b)

The kinetic energy increases.

c)

The kinetic energy does not change.

48.

What changes of state take place when thermal energy is added to a substance?

a)

melting

b)

evaporating

c)

boiling

d)

condensating

49.

What changes of state take place when thermal energy is removed from a substance?

a)

condensation

b)

boiling

c)

evaporation

d)

freezing

50.

What is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance?

a)

thermal energy

b)

temperature

c)

kinetic energy

d)

potential energy

51.

What is the change of state from a solid to liquid?

a)

freezing

b)

melting

c)

condensating

d)

boiling

52.

What is the change of state from a liquid to a gas?

a)

melting

b)

evaporating

c)

boiling

d)

condensating

53.

What is the change of state from a gas to a liquid?

a)

condensation

b)

evaporating

c)

boiling

d)

freezing

54.

What is the change of state from a liquid to a solid?

a)

condensation

b)

evaporating

c)

boiling

d)

freezing

55.

What is the force created by collisions of gas particles with other materials?

a)

temperature

b)

pressure

c)

change of state

d)

gravity

56.

The higher the elevation, the lower the air pressure.

a)

true

b)

false

57.
Igloos are buildings that are made of packed snow. Which statement describes the particles that make up the igloo?
a)
The particles in the snow have no kinetic energy.
b)
The particles in the snow are not attracted to one another.
c)
The particles in the snow have some kinetic energy, but the particles only move around in place.
d)
The particles in the snow melt easily because they have more kinetic energy than liquid water.
58.
Thermal energy is transferred away from a sample of water vapor. Which of these best describes the change of state that occurs?
a)
condensation from point A to point B
b)
vaporization from point A to point B
c)
condensation from point B to point C
d)
vaporization from point B to point C
59.
Which statement describes the particles in a gas?
a)
Gas particles are spaced far apart and move around freely.
b)
Gas particles are spaced far apart and move around slowly.
c)
Gas particles are tightly packed together and move past each other freely.
d)
Gas particles are loosely packed together and move past each other freely.
60.
A scientist is studying a volcano. She claims that the lava that comes out of the volcano is a liquid. She wants to make an argument to support her claim. What question should she ask to help her collect evidence for her argument?
a)
Does the lava have a definite volume?
b)
Is the lava made of particles that move around?
c)
Does the lava have a definite volume and does it flow freely?
d)
Does the lava have a definite volume and particles that are very far apart?
61.
A pot containing water is warmed on a stovetop. The chart shows the temperature and physical observations before and after the water is warmed. What is true about the number of water particles in the pot after the water has been warmed?
a)
There are fewer water particles after warming since some of the water particles turned into air.
b)
There are more water particles after warming since the gas takes up more volume than the liquid.
c)
There are more water particles after warming since some have split to become gaseous particles.
d)
The number of water particles is the same after warming, including the liquid and gaseous particles.
62.
Liquid copper is removed from a smelting furnace and left to cool until it undergoes a change of state. Which pair of diagrams illustrate the liquid copper particles during the change in state that occurs? Choose the correct answer.
a)
.
b)
..
c)
...
d)
....
63.
Which characteristics correctly describe a solid?
a)

definite volume

b)

definite shape

c)

no definite volume

d)

no definite shape

64.
Which characteristics correctly describe a liquid?
a)

definite shape

b)

no definite shape

c)

definite volume

d)

no definite volume

65.
Which characteristics correctly describe a gas?
a)

definite volume

b)

no definite volume

c)

no definite shape

d)

definite shape

66.
Dry ice is the common name for frozen CO2. It is used for keeping things cold because of its low temperature. As the temperature warms to –78.5 °C, the frozen CO2 becomes CO2 gas without entering a liquid form in a process called sublimation. Which picture correctly models the change in state of CO2 that occurs at –78.5 °C?
a)
.
b)
..
c)
...
d)
....
67.
Which order of states of matter correctly shows increasing kinetic energy.
a)
liquid, gas, solid
b)
solid, liquid, gas
c)
liquid, solid, gas
d)
gas, liquid, solid
68.
Which order of states of matter correctly shows increasing spacing among its particles?
a)
liquid, gas, solid
b)
solid, liquid, gas
c)
liquid, solid, gas
d)
gas, liquid, solid
69.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
As kinetic energy increases, the influence of particles attraction increases.
b)
As kinetic energy increases, the influence of particles attraction decreases.
70.
What changes of state take place when thermal energy is added to a substance?
a)

condensation

b)

melting

c)

evaporating

d)

boiling

71.
What changes of state take place when thermal energy is removed from a substance?
a)
condensation and freezing
b)
condensation and evaporation
c)
freezing and boiling
d)
melting and condensation
72.
Liquid glass and solid glass have _______ chemical identity and _______ physical properties.
a)
the same, the same
b)
different, different
c)
the same, different
d)
different, the same
73.

A liquid is placed in surroundings with a temperature that is lower than that of the liquid. What will happen to thermal energy?

a)

It will not change.

b)

It will increase in the surroundings.

c)

It will increase in the liquid.

74.

A liquid is placed in surroundings with a temperature that is lower than that of the liquid. For the particles in the liquid, the kinetic energy and the motion will ______.

a)

increase

b)

decrease

c)

stay the same

75.

A liquid is placed in surroundings with a temperature that is lower than that of the liquid. The liquid will change state only if _______.

a)

the liquid is warmed

b)

the surroundings are warmed

c)

enough thermal energy is added or removed

76.
____________ is an example of evaporation.
a)

Sample A

b)

Sample B

c)

Neither Sample

77.
___________ is an example of condensation.
a)

Sample A

b)

Sample B

c)

Neither Sample

78.

With a decrease in pressure, __________ thermal energy is needed for the carbon dioxide to change states.

a)

less

b)

more

c)

the same amount of

79.

Once the pressure is released, particles in the gaseous state will collide with the surface of the liquid less frequently and with ____________.

a)

less force

b)

more force

c)

the same amount of force

80.
Dew point is the air temperature at which water will condense at a higher rate than it evaporates. Dew forms when the air temperature is low enough for water in the air to condense on outdoor surfaces. At what time would you expect to see dew according to the graph?
a)

12 am

b)

3 am

c)

6 am

d)

12 pm

81.
What would you expect to happen if the temperature dropped to below freezing after 6:00 a.m.?
a)

Dew would not form.

b)

Dew would form, but it would evaporate.

c)

Dew would form and then freeze, creating frost.

d)

Dew would form and then soak into the ground.

82.
Which of the following best describes what is happening to water particles in the air during dew formation?
a)

An increase in thermal energy results in an increase in kinetic energy.

b)

A decrease in thermal energy results in a decrease in kinetic energy.

c)

An increase in thermal energy results in a decrease in kinetic energy.

d)

A decrease in thermal energy results in an increase in kinetic energy.

83.

Water molecules that are being heated would move ______ than the water molecules at room temperature.

a)

faster

b)

slower

84.

Which of the statements is true?

a)

Room temperature particles will evaporate faster because the molecules are moving slower.

b)

Heated particles will evaporate faster because the molecules are moving faster.

c)

Room temperature particles and heated particles evaporate at the same time because heat does not affect the water molecules.

d)

Water does not evaporate.

85.

Boiling and evaporation are both changes from a liquid to a gas.

a)

true

b)

false

86.

Boiling and evaporation are both changes from a gas to a liquid.

a)

true

b)

false

87.

Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid.

a)

true

b)

false

88.

Boiling occurs throughout the entire liquid.

a)

true

b)

false

89.

Evaporation occurs over a range of temperatures and boiling occurs at a specific temperature.

a)

true

b)

false

90.

Boiling occurs over a range of temperatures and evaporation occurs at a specific temperature.

a)

true

b)

false

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