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Cycle 6 Review

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 2hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Structures that may have similar function but do NOT come from common ancestors

a)

analogous structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

adaptations

d)

vestigial structures

2.

Which is an inherited trait that increases an organism’s chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment?

a)

adaptation

b)

camouflage

c)

natural selection

d)

variation

3.

William discovered that two modern-day species have very similar DNA. He concludes that the two species are closely related. What type of evidence did William MOST LIKELY use to reach his conclusion?

a)

fossil evidence

b)

DNA evidence

c)

structural evidence

4.

Which is true about the Theory of Natural Selection?

a)

Not all organisms that are born survive to reproduce,

b)

Organisms compete with each other to survive.

c)

Variations exist among organisms.

d)

All of answers are true.

5.

Wisdom teeth have no purpose and are often removed to make room for the other teeth. Wisdom teeth are

a)

homologous structures

b)

vestigial structures

c)

analogous structures

6.

Why do woodpeckers have long beaks to dig into trees for insects?

a)

As insects became more common, birds that ate more insects grew longer beaks.

b)

The long beak is an adaptation that helps the bird eat more insects.

c)

A harmful mutation occured.

d)

The long beak helps woodpeckers fight off predators.

7.

Many animals who live where it snows have fur. Explain how white fur makes surviving in the snowy environment easier.

a)

Orange fur make them easier to spot.

b)

White fur allows them to better blend in with their habitat.

c)

The color of fur doesn't effect an animals chance of survival.

d)

White fur is cooler then other fur colors.

8.

Explain how the fossil record is evidence for the scientific theory of evolution.

a)

It proves what future species of animals will look like in the future.

b)

It shows that extinct animal have become a fossil through selection.

c)

It shows that extinct species share similarities with current species.

d)

It allows scientist to compare fossils from the past to undiscovered fossils.

9.

The pictures are from different types of animals. What can be said about them that is true?

a)

They all have different bones, which implies that they all share a different ancestor.

b)

They all have different bones, which implies that they all share a common ancestor.

c)

They all have similar bones, which implies that they all share a different ancestor.

d)

They all have similar bones, which implies that they all share a common ancestor.

10.

What type of evidence is the absolute best proof that supports the Theory of Evolution?

a)

rocks

b)

concrete evidence

c)

fossil evidence

d)

analogous structures

11.

A theory is...

a)

a specific explanation of how the faux events may be modified with new evidence.

b)

A scientific theory is an explanation of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method.

c)

an explanation of what is happening in the natural world that can be modified by new evidence.

d)

a generated out come that explains how the natural world functions through empirical evidence.

12.
Which is a change to DNA that forms new alleles?
a)
selective breeding
b)
evolution
c)
natural selection
d)
a mutation
13.
Which of the following means "change over time"
a)
natural selection
b)
speciation
c)
evolution
d)
isolation
14.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
15.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
16.

Select the Evidence for Evolution

a)

Comparative Anatomy

b)

Natural Selection

c)

DNA Comparison

d)

Species Distribution

e)

Fossil Record

17.

Select the Causes for Evolution

a)

Migrations

b)

Mutations

c)

DNA Comparison

d)

Genetic Drift

e)

Natural Selection

18.

At the most basic level, all living organisms share:

a)

Nothing

b)

The same genetic material

c)

The same molecular building blocks, such as amino acids

d)

Adaptations

19.

Looking at species in the fossil record along with the living species, there is evidence of gradual (a)   over time

20.

Fossils are a piece of evidence that help scientists reconstruct evolutionary (a)   and make connections to evolutionary ancestry

21.

Similar features are developed due to organisms living under similar ecological conditions

a)

DNA Comparison

b)

Mutations

c)

Species Distribution

d)

Geography

22.

A cause for evolution is random genetic (a)   that result in a phenotypic (physical) trait

23.

Mistakes when making copies of a cell’s chromosomes can occur as the cell is dividing

a)

migration

b)

replication error

c)

mutation

d)

variation

24.

As some individuals from a species (a)   , they may create new herds/groups of organisms

25.

In each generation, some individuals may, just by chance, leave behind a few more offspring (and genes) than other individuals.

a)

species distribution

b)

allele frequency

c)

Genetic Drift

d)

Natural Selection

26.

Effects of genetic drift are strongest in ________ populations

a)

small

b)

medium

c)

large

d)

doesn't matter

27.

is the idea that organisms that are best suited for environment will live longer, reproduce, and pass on those favorable traits to their offspring

a)

evolution

b)

natural selection

c)

artificial selection

d)

theroy

28.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
29.
What are the most studied animals in the galapagos?
a)
Finches
b)
Tortoises
c)
Turtles
d)
Lizards
30.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
31.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
32.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
33.
Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?
a)
Yes, they know they need to change to survive 
b)
No, they change because of natural selection
34.

The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.

Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in the distribution?

a)

A new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.

b)

A new predator arrived that preferred light-tan crabs.

c)

A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.

d)

A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.

35.

Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?

a)

An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.

b)

A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.

c)

A community whose members work together utilizing all existing resources and migratory routes.

d)

The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.

36.

What is the most likely explanation of the data shown below?

a)

There has been a drought in the area that is affecting all life forms.

b)

The population of natural predators of the moths has gotten smaller.

c)

The moths are living in an environment with light trees.

d)

The moths are living in an environment with dark trees.

37.

Which of the following statements best describes what will most likely occur to the moth populations in the image above?

a)

The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of dark moths will rise.

b)

The light moths will be captured by predators more easily than the dark moths, and the population of light moths will rise.

c)

The dark moths will be captured by predators more easily than the light moths, and the dark moths will probably go extinct.

d)

The light moths will change their wing color to match that of the dark moths.

38.

determines which traits are beneficial and which are not

a)

evolution

b)

natural selection

c)

adaptations

d)

phenotypes

39.

the change in the inherited traits of a population over many generations

a)

evolution

b)

natural selection

c)

adaptations

d)

phenotypes

40.

species produce more offspring than can survive

a)

overproduction

b)

variations

c)

adaptations

d)

competition

41.

a difference between individuals of the same species.

a)

overproduction

b)

variations

c)

adaptations

d)

competition

42.

the members of the species must compete with each other to survive.

a)

overproduction

b)

variations

c)

adaptations

d)

competition

43.

Evolution by Natural Selection occurs in (a)  

44.

measurement of how common a certain allele (trait) is in a population is called allele (a)  

45.

Which of the following best describes the scientific theory of evolution?

a)

A. It represents

scientists' best guess of why animals look the way they do.

b)

B. It offers the strongest scientific explanation of how organisms have changed over very long periods of time

c)

C. It offers a very

tentative and continually changing explanation about animal species.

d)

D. It provides an explanation, developed by one scientist, to explain why some animals look similar to each other.

46.

Why do scientists use fossil evidence to help support the scientific theory of evolution?


a)

A. Fossils help show which organisms have lived over the last 100 years.

b)

B. Fossils are exact replicas of animals from the past.

c)

C. There are fossils from every species of animal that has ever lived.

d)

D. Fossils can show patterns of change that happened over millions of years

47.
Charles Darwin came up with this theory 
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Mutation
48.
What characteristic did Darwin observe about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?
a)
Their feathers 
b)
Genotypes 
c)
Their beaks
d)
Their body sizes
49.
Darwin suggested that we could never "watch" evolution in action. Why did he believe this?
a)
Because we cannot see evolution in other species.
b)
Because evolution is just a theory and not a fact.
c)
Because evolution takes several generations to occur.
d)
Because evolution would be boring to watch.
50.

He developed the theory of evolution

a)

Linnaeus

b)

Lamarck

c)

Darwin

d)

Aristotle

51.

He believed that traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be passed onto offspring

a)

Linnaeus

b)

Lamarck

c)

Darwin

d)

Aristotle

52.

The theory of evolution states that humans evolved directly from monkeys.

a)

True

b)

False

53.

A(n) _____ is any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment.

a)

variation

b)

mutation

c)

adaptation

d)

evolution

54.

A(n) _____ is a trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species.

a)

variation

b)

mutation

c)

adaptation

d)

evolution

55.

What animal characteristic did Darwin observe on the Galapagos Islands that caused him develop his theory of evolution?

a)

penguin feathers

b)

bird dances

c)

finch beaks

d)

iguana tails

56.

Variations are important in populations because they can lead to new

a)

species

b)

extinctions

c)

habitat loss

d)

populations

57.
What type of rock do fossils form in?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Classic
58.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
59.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
60.

True or False: Evidence from the fossil record shows that species change gradually over time.

a)

True

b)

False

61.

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found

a)

At the top of the rock layers

b)

Near the bottom of the rock layers

c)

Somewhat near the surface

62.

Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

e)

F

63.

In which time period are we currently living?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

64.

Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds are found in this time period.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

65.

What are fossils that are abundant, easily recognizable, short lived, and widespread called?

a)

Preserved fossils

b)

Index fossils

c)

Imprints

d)

Radioactive dating

66.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

67.

The Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks layers are on top of older rock layers

b)

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks

c)

Older rock layers are on top of younger rock layers

d)

Absolute age dating

68.

What does relative age tell us about a rock layer or fossil?

a)

The age of one rock layer or fossil compared to another.

b)

The relative age of a fossil determined by radiometric dating

c)

Younger rock layers sit on top of older rock layers

d)

Older rock layers sit on top of younger rock layers

69.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

70.

Use relative age dating to put the rock layers in correct order from oldest to youngest.

a)

B, D, A, E, C

b)

C, E, D, A, B

c)

A, C, E, D, B

d)

C, E, D, B, A

71.

An animal has sharp, pointy teeth, what can we infer about this animal?

a)

The animal lived in the water

b)

The animal lived near the beach.

c)

The animal is a carnivore.

d)

The animal only ate plants.

72.

If a scientist found a fish fossil in the desert, what can they infer?

a)

An animal ate the fish.

b)

The water covered the area long ago.

c)

Today's fish looks the same

d)

The fish is endangered.

73.

With ________ dating, a rock’s exact age can be determined, whereas with ________ dating, a rock’s age is compared to the ages of other rocks.

a)

absolute, relative

b)

relative, absolute

c)

true, absolute

d)

relative, approximate

74.

the tool we use to organize Earth's events as they happened

a)

era

b)

law of superposition

c)

geologic time scale

d)

original horizontality

75.
relative age
a)
the age of rocks and geologic features compared with other rocks and features nearby
b)
Distinctive fossil used to compare the relative ages of fossils. They were on the Earth for a short period of time.
c)
The actual age in years of an event or object
76.
absolute age
a)
The actual age in years of an event or object
b)
A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.
c)
the remains or traces of ancient living things
77.

The Earth is _____________________ years old.

a)

4.6 million

b)

4.6 billion

c)

4.6 trillion

d)

4.6 zillion

78.
The geologic time scale is a record of....
a)
the history of fossils only
b)
the history of rocks
c)
the history of rock layers and fossils
d)
geologist notes
79.

What two methods are used to divide and classify the geological time scale?

a)

Living organisms

b)

rock strata or layers

c)

DNA

d)

fossils

80.

Finding the age of a rock based on comparing the amounts of unstable, radioactive particles to stable particles in a sample is called:

a)

radiometric dating

b)

relative dating

81.

Solve this problem.

The half-life of isotope X is 2.0 years. How many years would it take for the 4.0 mg sample of X to decay and have only 0.50 mg of it remain?

4 lines
82.

Approximately what percentage of decay occurs in each half-life an isotope experiences?

a)

20%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

The answer varies depending on the size of the nuclei.

83.
If 10 mg of iodine 131 is given to a patient, how much is left after 24 days? The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days.
a)
1.25mg
b)
1.25g
c)
10g
d)
10mg
84.
After the third half-life, how much of the sample is left?
a)
1/2
b)
1/3
c)
1/16
d)
1/8
85.
The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.4 minutes. If one had 100.0 g at the beginning, how many grams would be left after 7.2 minutes has elapsed?
a)
100.0g
b)
50.0g
c)
12.5g
d)
8.5g
86.
Barium-122 has a half-life of 2 minutes. A fresh sample weighing 80 g was obtained. If it takes 10 minutes to set up an experiment using barium-122, how much barium-122 will be left when the experiment begins?
a)
0.25g
b)
2.5g
c)
25g
d)
80g
87.

Geologist use the time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay to half its original mass called a___________.

a)

radioactive decay

b)

isotope

c)

half-life

d)

carbon dating

88.
What material is used to form igneous rocks?
a)
magma
b)
sand
c)
gravel
d)
fossils
89.
What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
d)
Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
90.
Which of the words below describe mud, sand, and tiny bits of rocks that cement together to form a type of rock?
a)
stalactites
b)
magmas
c)
metamorphs
d)
sediments
91.
What process is used to form metamorphic rocks?
a)
Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.
b)
Bits of sand and gravel form layers that turn into rock from pressure.
c)
Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.
92.
What type of rock can turn into a metamorphic rock?
a)
Igneous only
b)
Sedimentary only
c)
Metamorphic only
d)
Any type of rock
93.
Which type of rock would you expect to find by a volcano?
a)
Ingenious
b)
Igneous
c)
Indigenous 
d)
Indigo 
94.
Sedimentary rocks may contain fossils.
a)
True
b)
False
95.
This rock started as molten magma. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
96.

This rock was another type of rock that experienced heat and pressure over time. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

97.

What type of rock is formed from chemical deposition when water evaporates and leaves solid material behind? such as stalagtites?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Both Sedimentary and Metamorphic

98.

Match the following

a)

Mold Fossils

1.

Hard parts of an organism are buried in sediment & decay leaving a hollow imprint

b)

Cast Fossils

2.

Sediment fills all empty spaces creating a solid copy of the dead organism

c)

Trace Fossils

3.

provide evidence of the ACTIVITIES of organisms such as a footprint

99.

Match the following

a)

Petrified Fossil

1.

minerals seep in & replace all or part of an organism making them rock-like.

b)

Carbon Films

2.

A thin layer of the organisms exterior parts like the leaves of a plant

c)

Preserved Remains

3.

Original remains of an organism. Can be preserved in amber, ice, or tar

100.

What can fossils tell you about an area?

a)

What kinds of plants used to be in an area

b)

What kinds of animals used to be in an area

c)

How Earth's surface has changed

d)

What life used to be like

101.

A geologist finds a series of footprints of a Stegosaurus (Dinosaur) in a sedimentary rock layer.  Which fossil best describes what was found?

a)

Cast Fossils

b)

Trace Fossils

c)

Petrified Wood

d)

Carbon Film

102.

What type of rock would you most likely find a fossil in?

 

a)

Any Type of Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rocks

c)

Igneous Rocks

d)

Metamorphic Rocks

103.

When a piece of wood "turns into a rock" it's called a __________________ fossil.

a)

Carbon

b)

Cast

c)

Petrified

d)

Mold

104.

Scientists recently discovered shark fossils in Mammoth Cave in Kentucky. What does this tell us about the history of the environment in that area?

a)

That area used to be under an ocean

b)

Sharks used to be land creatures

c)

The remains of the sharks were used by natives for tools

d)

The cave used to be volcanic.

105.

What kind of fossil is produced when a cavity created by a decaying organism is filled with sediment?

a)

Mold

b)

Cast

c)

Inclusion

d)

Trace

106.

What type of fossil is a footprint?

a)

Trace

b)

inclusion

c)

mold

d)

cast

107.

As time progresses organisms become more ______________.

a)

simple

b)

Complex

c)

devolved

d)

unrecognizable

108.

How do most fossils form?

a)

An insect becomes trapped in amber.

b)

An entire organism becomes frozen in ice.

c)

A dead organism becomes buried in sediment.

d)

A dead organism becomes buried in tar.

109.

Index fossils must meet two criteria, they must have existed for a short period of time and ...

a)

be few in numbers

b)

lived for a long time

c)

be widely distributed

d)

be really old in age

110.

If scientists found this fossil, what could they infer?

a)

what fish are like today

b)

that this fish lacked oxygen

c)

that water once covered the area where this fossil was found

111.

What can scientists learn from studying the relationships between fossils?

a)

how old all rock layers are

b)

how life changed over time

c)

how many relatives fossils had

112.
The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called
a)
The Geologic Time Scale
b)
The Origin of Species
c)
The Fossil Record
d)
A really neat fossil collection
113.

What type of fossils proved evidence of the ACTIVITIES of ancient organisms?

a)

Trace Fossils

b)

Mold Fossils

c)

Cast Fossils

d)

Inclusion Fossils

114.

Which types of structures are most likely to be fossilized?

a)

Soft-bodied structures, such as jellyfish or skin & hair.

b)

Hard-bodied structure, such as teeth and bones

c)

Both hard and soft bodied structures.

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