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Bio Exam Study Guide

Total questions: 113

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

True or False: for each molecule of ATP, two molecules of glucose are hydrolyzed to provide energy to drive the early steps, but four molecules of glucose are produced in the later steps.

a)

true

b)

false

2.

what is a heterotroph?

a)

an organism that breaks down dead organic material

b)

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

c)

organisms that obtain energy through chemical process called chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis

d)

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

3.

nonrenewable resource

a)

an energy source that cannot be depleted and are able to supply a continuous source of clean energy

b)

natural resources that exist in fixed amounts and can be used up

c)

energy sources made from decomposing plants and animals

d)

energy generated from recyclable sources without emitting greenhouse gases

4.

the rate is proportional to the increasing number or size

a)

exponential growth

b)

carrying capacity

c)

logistic growth

d)

limiting factors

5.

this macromolecule involves the storage and expression of genetic information.

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

6.

the biological levels of organization, from least to most complex:

a)

ecosystem, biosphere, populations, communities, organs, organ systems, tissues, cells, and organelle

b)

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, communities, populations, ecosystem, and biosphere

c)

cells, organelle, tissues, organ systems, organs, communities, populations, biosphere, and ecosystem

d)

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere

7.

a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses

a)

compound

b)

light

c)

electron

d)

molecular

8.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

a)

cellular respiration

b)

photosynthesis

9.

what happens to energy as you move up the pyramid?

a)

the amount of energy decreases and the levels become smaller

b)

the amount of energy increases and the levels become smaller

c)

the amount of energy increases and the levels become bigger

d)

the amount of energy decreases and the levels become bigger

10.

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

a)

inference

b)

observation

c)

theory

d)

hypothesis

11.

the increasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain

a)

biological concentration saturation

b)

biogeochemical cycles

c)

biological magnification

d)

substance buildup

12.

the value of _____ depends on that of another.

a)

control

b)

independent variable

c)

constant

d)

dependent variable

13.

when a community is impacted by a disturbance

a)

secondary ecological succession

b)

primary ecological succession

14.

a liquid that is able to dissolve a solid

a)

solvent

b)

solute

c)

solution

15.

what is required to move with or against a concentration gradient?

a)

energy

b)

respiration

c)

fermentation

d)

gravity

16.

a type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects

a)

light

b)

molecular

c)

electron

d)

compound

17.

these macromolecules are fatty, waxy, or oily compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water.

a)

proteins

b)

carbohydrates

c)

lipids

d)

nucleic acids

18.

which of the following is not a factor that determines population growth?

a)

migration

b)

mortality rates

c)

available nutrients

d)

fertility rates

19.

what is an autotroph?

a)

an organism that breaks down dead organic material

b)

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

c)

organisms that obtain energy through chemical process called chemosynthesis rather than by photosynthesis

d)

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

20.

the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time

a)

population changes

b)

evolution

c)

natural selection

d)

ecological succession

21.

renewable resource

a)

an energy source that cannot be depleted and are able to supply a continuous source of clean energy

b)

natural resources that exist in fixed amounts and can be used up

c)

energy sources made from decomposing plants and animals

d)

energy generated from recyclable sources without emitting greenhouse gases

22.

True or False: for each molecule of glucose, two molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed to provide energy to drive the early steps, but four molecules of ATP are produced in the later steps.

a)

true

b)

false

23.

stands alone in an experiment and is not changed by other factors

a)

independent variable

b)

constant

c)

control

d)

dependent variable

24.

which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?

a)

cells divide and pass on hereditary information

b)

cells are the basic structural, functional, and organizational units of both single-celled and multicellular organisms

c)

energy flows within cells

d)

cells enlarge throughout their lifetime

25.

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

a)

cellular respiration

b)

photosynthesis

26.

polarity

a)

a critical nutrient required for all life

b)

two distinct and opposite poles that can either attract or repel each other

c)

a growth in which the rate is proportional to the increasing number or size

d)

a contraction that refers to the consideration of the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of each cycle

27.

where are hydrogen bonds found?

a)

in DNA polymerase

b)

between the bases of DNA molecules

c)

stranded through RNA

d)

on the helixes of amino acids

28.

specialized functions

a)

cells with unique structures and functions in the body

b)

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism

c)

the variety of life on Earth at all its levels

d)

a pattern of behavior in which animals travel from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions, or reproductive needs

29.

single-celled organism

a)

prokaryote

b)

eukaryote

30.

which of the following is not a factor that affects photosynthesis?

a)

light intensity

b)

oxygen levels

c)

carbon dioxide concentration

d)

temperature

31.

process of diffusion

a)

the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

b)

the main source of energy for cells and an important part of aerobic respiration

c)

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration

d)

a process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

32.

which reaction takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplasts?

a)

light independent

b)

light dependent

33.

products of photosynthesis

a)

water and carbon dioxide

b)

glucose and oxygen

34.

the main determining factors of a biome

a)

precipitation and climate

b)

climate and weather

c)

precipitation and populations

d)

weather and populations

35.

How does ATP differ from ADP?

a)

ADP has two phosphates and ATP only has one

b)

ATP has three phosphates and ADP only has two

c)

ADP has three phosphates and ATP only has two

d)

ATP has two phosphates and ADP only has one

36.

what is NOT visible with a compound microscope?

a)

water molecule

b)

mitochondria

c)

atoms

d)

cell membrane

37.

a series of proteins and organic molecules found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

a)

electron transport chain

b)

double-stranded helix

c)

phospholipid bilayer

d)

DNA polymerase

38.

this macromolecule is an organic compound, such as sugar or starch, and is used to store energy.

a)

carbohydrates

b)

nucleic acids

c)

proteins

d)

lipids

39.

the limiting nutrient

a)

the nutrient which is the source of ecosystem declines

b)

the nutrient which is present in the least quantity in an ecosystem

c)

the nutrient deemed most important by ecosystem populations

d)

the nutrient which is present in the most quantity in an ecosystem

40.

any force that affects the size of a population of living things in response to the density of the population

a)

density-dependent factors

b)

renewable factors

c)

density-independent factors

d)

limiting factors

41.

which of the following is not an example of a biogeochemical cycle?

a)

phosphorous

b)

carbon

c)

water

d)

tectonics

e)

nitrogen

42.

a substance that can be dissolved into a solution

a)

solvent

b)

solution

c)

solute

43.

an act of recognizing and noting a fact or occurrence often involving measurement with instruments

a)

scientific method

b)

collecting data

c)

observation

d)

experiment

44.

all of the food chains in an ecosystem

a)

niche

b)

biosphere

c)

environment

d)

food web

45.

these cells assist in sunlight absorption

a)

chlorophyll

b)

thylakoid

c)

stomata

d)

grana

46.

what is NOT visible through an electron microscope?

a)

atoms

b)

tissue molecules

c)

internal cell structures

d)

proteins

47.

glycolysis

a)

the chemical reactions in the body's cells that change food into energy

b)

a type of anaerobic respiration that breaks down sugars to produce energy in the form of ATP

c)

the anaerobic transformation of sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide

d)

a process in which sugar is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

48.

second phase of mitosis

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

49.

a species' average population size in a particular habitat

a)

exponential growth

b)

carrying capacity

c)

logistic growth

d)

limiting factors

50.

first phase of mitosis

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

51.

phospholipid bilayer

a)

mitochondria structure

b)

structure of the cell membrane

c)

water molecule structure

d)

structure of amino acids

52.

growth rate decreases as population size approaches a maximum

a)

exponential growth

b)

carrying capacity

c)

logistic growth

d)

limiting factors

53.

the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient

a)

glycolysis

b)

active transport

c)

osmosis

d)

facilitated diffusion

54.

when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time

a)

primary ecological succession

b)

secondary primary succession

55.

how many ATP molecules are there at the end of cellular respiration?

a)

4

b)

32

c)

36

d)

18

56.

the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy

a)

osmosis

b)

active transport

c)

glycolysis

d)

aerobic transport

57.

these macromolecules include many essential biological compounds, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

a)

lipids

b)

proteins

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates

58.

last phase of mitosis

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

59.

these cells absorb light

a)

stomata

b)

chlorophyll

c)

chloroplast

d)

thylakoid

60.

a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another

a)

food chain

b)

natural selection

c)

food web

d)

heredity

61.

these cells provide nutrients to the tissue or organ and remove waste and extra fluid

a)

stroma

b)

stomata

c)

chloroplast

d)

grana

62.

process of osmosis

a)

the passive movement of molecules or particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

b)

the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes

c)

an energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells

d)

the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

63.

is the Calvin cycle a light-dependent or light-independent reaction?

a)

light independent

b)

light dependent

64.

what happens when cell growth isn't controlled?

a)

cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic errors that can lead to a cancerous tumor

b)

the cell cycle will not proceed to the next stage

c)

there is more room for mistakes when DNA is copied

d)

this doesn't happen

65.

what color is best for plant growth?

a)

blue

b)

red

c)

green

d)

violet

66.

these cells produce energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes

a)

thylakoid

b)

stroma

c)

chlorophyll

d)

chloroplast

67.

what is significant about NADP+ and NADPH?

a)

they store RNA

b)

they take instructions from DNA

c)

they are energy sources

d)

they are electron carriers

68.

which of the following is an organism that does not perform cellular respiration?

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

bacteria

d)

algae

69.

reactants of photosynthesis

a)

glucose and oxygen

b)

water and carbon dioxide

70.

a circular pore with a hole in the middle for gas to enter or leave the plant

a)

lipid

b)

karyotype

c)

stomata

d)

centriole

71.

anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing

a)

exponential growth

b)

carrying capacity

c)

logistic growth

d)

limiting factors

72.

third phase of mitosis

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

73.

stage of cellular respiration following glycolysis

a)

krebs cycle

b)

pyruvate oxidation

c)

calvin cycle

d)

carbon fixation

74.

these cells conduct the photosynthesis process

a)

stomata

b)

grana

c)

chloroplast

d)

stroma

75.

converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products

a)

lactic acid fermentation

b)

alcoholic fermentation

76.

which reaction takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts?

a)

light independent

b)

light dependent

77.

what happens during cytokinesis?

a)

chromosomes pair

b)

parent cell splits

c)

cell doubles in size

d)

DNA duplicates

78.

breaks down sugars to produce energy in the form of ATP

a)

lactic acid fermentation

b)

alcoholic fermentation

79.

what is the Gregor Mendel genetic probability ratio

a)

1:3:3:9

b)

3:1

c)

1:3

d)

9:3:3:1

80.

9:3:3:1

a)

dihybrid cross ratio

b)

cladogram ratio

c)

Punnett square ratio

81.

a cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two distinct genes

a)

meiosis

b)

Punnett square

c)

cladogram

d)

dihybrid cross

82.

used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment

a)

Punnett square

b)

dihybrid cross

c)

natural selection

d)

cladogram

83.

Which of the following chemicals is not a base of DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Guanine

c)

Uramine

d)

Cytosine

84.

base, sugar, phosphoric acid

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

protein

d)

nucleotide

85.

base pairing

a)

A+T, C+G

b)

A+C, T+G

c)

A+G, T+C

86.

in the DNA of any species and any organism, the amount of guanine should be equal to the amount of cytosine and the amount of adenine should be equal to the amount of thymine

a)

Lyell's rule

b)

Chargaff's rule

c)

Lamarck's rule

d)

Mendel's rule

87.

which of the following is an enzyme involved in DNA replication?

a)

topoisomerase

b)

DNA primase

c)

DNA helicase

d)

DNA ligase

e)

all of the above

88.

how are proteins made?

a)

amino acids-tRNA-rRNA-protein

b)

DNA-mRNA-amino acids-protein

c)

RNA-rRNA-amino acids-protein

d)

DNA-rRNA-amino acids-protein

89.

the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA

a)

translation

b)

transcription

90.

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA

a)

translation

b)

transcription

91.

this mutation is caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide

a)

point

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

d)

insertion

e)

frameshift

92.

this mutation occurs when one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

a)

point

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

d)

insertion

e)

frameshift

93.

this mutation involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA

a)

point

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

d)

insertion

e)

frameshift

94.

this mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotides into a segment of DNA

a)

point

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

d)

insertion

e)

frameshift

95.

this mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three

a)

point

b)

substitution

c)

deletion

d)

insertion

e)

frameshift

96.

what causes smaller DNA fragments to travel faster through gel than larger ones?

a)

gel electrophosphorous

b)

gel electrophoresis

97.

an individual's complete set of chromosomes

a)

homologous structure

b)

body cell

c)

autosome

d)

karyotype

98.

determines whether the individual has a masculine or feminine body

a)

sex chromosomes

b)

autosomes

99.

a chromosome that is numbered or not a sex chromosome

a)

somatic

b)

autosomal

100.

the farther apart genes are on the chromosome, the more likely they are o segregate independently during crossover

a)

gene map

b)

gene cross

c)

gene web

d)

gene chain

101.

genetic variation increases biological fitness

a)

true

b)

false

102.

organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing

a)

fitness

b)

natural selection

c)

artificial selection

d)

survival of the fittest

103.

Organisms can change inherited traits and pass on acquired traits in accordance to what benefits them in a given environment

a)

Darwin

b)

Lamarck

c)

Mendel

d)

Lyell

104.

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

a)

polygenic traits

b)

homologous structures

c)

heredity

d)

inherited traits

105.

gene pool

a)

the ratio of the number of a specified allele in a population to the total of all alleles

b)

the chances of an offspring being inherited with a particular trait of interest

c)

the transfer of genetic material from one population to another

d)

the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species

106.

relative allele frequency

a)

the percentage of all copies of a certain gene in a population that carry a specific allele

b)

each variation of a gene

c)

the process through which an allele becomes a fixed allele within a population

d)

a proportion of the total population under study

107.

traits that are controlled by multiple genes

a)

incomplete dominance

b)

codominance

c)

polygenic traits

d)

multiple alleles

108.

a population's genetic variance shifts toward a new phenotype when exposed to environmental changes

a)

directional selection

b)

stabilizing selection

c)

disruptive selection

109.

a type of natural selection in evolution that favors the average individuals in a population and reduces extremes

a)

directional selection

b)

stabilizing selection

c)

disruptive selection

110.

extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

a)

directional selection

b)

stabilizing selection

c)

disruptive selection

111.

the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant in a population due to random chance

a)

relative gene frequency

b)

genetic drift

c)

gene pool

d)

ecological succession

112.

the loss of genetic diversity that happens when a small population is separated from a larger gene pool

a)

if i fail this exam i'm gonna cry

b)

founder effect

c)

i'm so tired it's the last question

d)

it's founder effect.

113.

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions

a)

polygenic traits

b)

homologous structures

c)

heredity

d)

inherited traits

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