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WorksheetsAPES Unit 2 Review
Total questions: 106
Worksheet time: 1hrs 14mins
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Beavers
Elephants
Kudzu vine
Sea otters
Which of the following is not an example of an invasive species?
Kudzu vine
Carp
Elephants
Fire ants
Which of these is an aquatic indicator species?
Shrimp
Coral
Plankton
Sea Anemone
Which of the following is not a terrestrial indicator species?
Birds
Crocodile
Insects
Amphibians
Which of these human actions impacts multiple nutrient cycles?
Deforestation
Driving gasoline cars
Burning sulfur- containing coal
Making fertilizers
Which of the following statements is true?
Biodiversity decreases with increased sunlight
Biodiversity decreases as you move away from the equator
Biodiversity decreases as you decrease in altitude
Biodiversity increases as you go further down in the oceans
What is true about endemic species?
They are more vulnerable to extinction
They are less vulnerable to extinction
The continent with the most amount of biodiversity in the world is
Asia
North America
South America
Europe
Which one of the following is NOT a major threat faced by biodiversity
Habitat Loss
Invasion of privacy
Population growth
Overfishing
Match the organisms with their role in the ecosystem
Kudzu vine- invasive, beaver- keystone, sea urchin- foundation
Kudzu vine- keystone, beaver- invasive, sea otter- keystone
kudzu vine- foundation, beaver- keystone, sea otter- invasive
kudzu vine- invasive, beaver- foundation, sea otter- keystone
Which of the following statements is true?
Primary succession is followed by secondary succession
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists
Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as
Invasive species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Endangered species
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
Match the organisms with their role in an ecosystem
Elephants- foundation, Alligator- Keystone, Birds- Indicator
Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Indicator, Birds- foundation
Elephants- Indicator, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Keystone
Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Indicator
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
What prediction is correct about island biogeography?
Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity
Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition
Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity
Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity
Which of the following has a negative impact on biodiversity?
Accidental introduction of invasive species
Burning fossil fuels
Burning the Amazon forest
Population growth
Overconsumption
What is the best way to reduce stress on the ecosystem's provisioning services?
Use electric cars
Slow down population growth
Limiting human access to national parks
Recycling
An optimum range is
A threat to an organism
An organism's niche
An organism's comfort zone
An organism's species richness
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species diversity index
0.28
0.71
-0.28
0.63
HIPPCO is mostly related to which mass extinction?
Permian
KT
Anthropocene
Jurassic-Triassic
Which of the main extinctions happened 65 million years ago?
Ordovician
Devonian
Permian
KT
True or False: Mass extinctions are common.
True
False
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
Fruits, fish, and livestock are examples of which ecosystem service?
Regulating
Provisioning
Cultural
Supporting
Which of the following would be a supporting service?
Oxygen production
Wild plants that serve medical purposes
Tourism
Fungi decomposing dead plants and animals
Parks, camping, and tours
cultural services
provisioning services
regulating services
supporting services
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?
There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.
Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.
There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.
Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.
Species richness is
a measure of how all of the individual organisms in an ecosystem are balanced between the different species.
the total number of different species found in an ecosystem
Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.
small and near; large and far
large and far; small and near
large and near; small and far
small and far; large and near
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Level of biodiversity
Primary succession
pioneer species
abiotic factor
secondary sucession
climax community
What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?
Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock
Plants die from drought and decompose
Land is bulldozed and soil remains
High biodiversity is important because...
it means that the ecosystem is more able to recover from disturbances.
it means that the ecosystem is less able to recover from disturbances.
it means that organisms are healthier and have more opportunities.
it means that organisms are less healthy and have less opportunities.
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity RICHNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
If a natural disturbance occurs and a species undergoes a bottleneck effect, the resulting genetic diversity will be....
increased
decreased
Higher biodiversity =
higher ecosystem resilience
lower ecosystem resilience
Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Bees pollinating our crops would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
A forest that naturally purifies our air would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
A river that naturally filters drinking water would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Obtaining lumber from a forest would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Obtaining coal from the earth would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Click the image to enlarge it. Would island 1 or 2 likely have higher biodiversity?
1
2
Would the continuous or fragmented habitats be more able to recover from a natural disturbance?
Contiguous
Fragmented
Organisms can tolerate any range of temperature, salinity, and pH. True or false?
True
False
A population's zone of intolerance is...
the range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce
the range where organisms survive, but experience lack of growth and decreased activity
the range where organisms will die
Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 23 degrees Celsius?
Brook Trout
Carp
Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 16 degrees Celsius?
Brook Trout
Carp
A keystone species that creates or maintains habitat for other species.
Foundation Species
Pioneer Species
Indicator Species
Exotic Species
hey can live in many different places, eat a variety of foods, and tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
generalist species
specialist species
They may be able to live in only one type of habitat, tolerate only a narrow range of climatic and other environmental conditions, or use only one type or a few types of food.
generalist species
specialist species
Species that is found in only one area. Such species are especially vulnerable to extinction.
Endemic Species
Pioneer Species
Indicator Species
Exotic Species
Competition among members of the same species.
intraspecific competition
interspecific competition
Competition between members of different species.
intraspecific competition
interspecific competition
A series of progressive changes in the composition of an ecological community over time
Climax Community
Primary Succession
Ecological Succession
Species Richness
a change or disturbance of the environment most often caused by human influences and natural ecological processes.
Environmental Change
Evidence Of Evolution
Trophic Level
Natural Selection
an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonized following the disturbance.
Pioneer species
Ecological succession
Climax community
Secondary succession
newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time. Certain hardy plants and lichens with few soil requirements, called pioneer species, colonize the area first.
Climax community
Primary succession
Ecological succession
Secondary succession
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on community structure relative to their abundance.
Pioneer Species
Invasive Species
Keystone Species
Foundation Species
any change in the environment, that can modify the composition, structure, or function of an ecological community
Ecosystem
Secondary Succession
Disturbance
Biodiversity
Biomass
the total amount of living tissue in a trophic level.
Species richness
All the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area
Complexity
the state or quality of being intricate or complicated
Dynamic Equilibrium
a state of balance between continuing processes
Biodiversity
the variety of organisms in an area, by species, genes, populations, and communities
all living things and their physical environments within a particular area
Community
Invasive Species
Ecosystem
Biodiversity
The first species to populate an area during succession.
Keystone species
Pioneer species
Foundation species
Invasive species
Primary succession occurs in an area that has:
Has Soil
Has No Soil
Has Some Soil
none of these
What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?
Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock
Plants die from drought and decompose
Land is bulldozed and soil remains
Primary or secondary ecological succession?
T or F: Succession increases biodiversity.
true
false
Which of the following type of diversity IS NOT an intertwined feature of biodiversity?
ecosystem
species
genetic
temperature
Which of the following is considered one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth?
Amazon rainforest
Salt flats of Utah
your backyard
Clear Falls Commons
What is a keystone species or keystone organism?
A species with little importance
A species that an ecosystem's stability depends on
A species near extinction
A species with no known symbiotic relationships with other species.
What happens to an ecosystem when a keystone species is removed?
Loss of a keystone species has no impact.
Loss of a keystone species has little impact.
Loss of a keystone species has a large impact and the stability of ecosystem is in jeopardy
None of the Above
Which of the following are ways humans can cause the loss of biodiversity within an ecosystem?
Habitat destruction
Pollution
Over-fishing / Over-hunting
All of the Above
Which traits get passed on from generation to generation?
All of them
The traits least suited for the current environment
The traits best suited for the current environment
None of them
A population with very few individuals who are IDENTICAL to one another would be considered ________.
Healthy
Unhealthy
Biodiverse
The aesthetic value of an ecosystem provides
a supporting service.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
a cultural service.
A(n) ______ in species diversity is associated with a(n) ________ in the functions an ecosystem provides.
increase; decrease
decrease; increase
decrease; unobserved change
decline; decline
When a spruce tree is harvested so the wood can be used to build a house, the tree is providing
a cultural service.
a provision.
an intrinsic value.
a monetary unit.
Human waste is often dumped in the ocean. Microbial organisms in marine ecosystems can break down organic waste into less harmful components. This is an example of
a cultural service.
an ecosystem provision.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
Various sources of pollution and energy have entered the biosphere as a result of human activities. Collectively, we call these _______________ sources.
Anthropogenic
Natural
Industrial
Gas-based
An optimum range is
A threat to an organism
An organism's niche
An organism's comfort zone
An organism's species richness
Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?
After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which will increase genetic diversity.
Habitat diversity will increase the available niches if the landscape becomes more uniform after a disturbance.
Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.
Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant.
What is genetic diversity?
Diversity within a species
# of species and abundance in the community
How many different habitats are in a region
What is habitat diversity?
Diversity within a species
# of species and abundance in the community
How many different habitats are in a region
Ecosystem services that give humans products and what they need to survive, like food and lumber are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that indirectly benefit humans , such as plants cleaning air and bees pollinating plants are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that that support human life and life on Earth such as producing oxygen and water cycling are called
Provisioning Services
Regulating Services
Cultural Services
Supporting Services
The Theory of Island Biogeography states that
There are more species on islands that are smaller and farther from the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are smaller is
and closer to the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are larger and closer to the mainland.
There are more species on islands that are larger and farther from the mainland.
Organisms, like koalas, that require specific habitats and food are called
specialist
generalist
Organisms, like cockroaches, that can live in many places and eat many things are called
specialist
generalist
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
The main cause of biodiversity loss worldwide is
extinctions
invasive species
pollution
habitat destruction
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a natural disruption to an ecosystem?
Volcanic eruption
Hurricane
Air pollution
Earthquake
When a community is stable with little to no change, what level of ecological succession is taking place?
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Tertiary succession
Climax community
Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem service?
Cultural
Regulating
Recreational
Provisional
Which is true of the location above?
It has low species richness
It has low species evenness
It has high species evenness
It has both low species evenness and richness
None of these
Match the organisms with their role in the ecosystem
Kudzu vine- invasive, beaver- keystone, sea urchin- foundation
Kudzu vine- keystone, beaver- invasive, sea otter- keystone
kudzu vine- foundation, beaver- keystone, sea otter- invasive
kudzu vine- invasive, beaver- foundation, sea otter- keystone
Which of the following statements is true?
Primary succession is followed by secondary succession
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists
Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
