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WorksheetsAPES Practice Test #2
Total questions: 125
Worksheet time: 1hrs 25mins
An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes
only biotic components
only abiotic components
interacting biotic and abiotic components
positive and negative feedback loops
What type of diagram is this?
Food Chain
Trophic pyramid
Food web
10% Rule
What is the process that moves nitrogen from the atmosphere to the organic compound within the cycle?
denitrification
decomposition
nitrogen fixation
photosynthesis
Which has the highest net productivity?
Desert
Tundra
Savannah
Tropical rain forest
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
cellular respiration
net primary productivity
gross primary productivity
primary productivity
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
What is ecological succession?
A set of environmental conditions within which an organism can best survive
An organism's ability to adapt to its environment
A peak community where the organisms are stable
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time
Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem service?
Cultural
Regulating
Recreational
Provisional
Which best describes the concept of net primary production?
total amount of energy available from the Sun
total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
energy captured minus energy lost
total amount of energy available from the producer
In the nitrogen cycle, this process is carried out by decomposers and returns nutrients in organic matter back to the soil.
Nitrification
Assimilation
Ammonification
Denitrification
A population is...
All members of one species in one area
All members of all species that live in one area
All of the living and nonliving things in an area
None of these
What is happening at the 'A' on the graph?
the population overshoots above the carrying capacity
the population stops growing
growth begins to slow down due to limited resources
growth is speeding up due to an abundance of resources
Figure C shows an age structure diagram for a population that is _________?
diminishing
expanding
stable
birthrate is higher than deathrate
Describes organisms with a high death rate (or low survivorship rate) immediately following birth. Examples include bacteria, fishes, and invertebrates.
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
These organisms typically live in unstable, unpredictable environments & are able to reproduce rapidly (exponentially). They do not take care of their young & are subject to predation.
k-strategist
r-strategist
m-strategist
s-strategist
What is the total fertility rate?
average number of children a male fathers in his lifetime
average number of children a female has during her lifetime
average number of children a female has during her twenties
average number of children on Earth
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
Earthquake
Volcano Eruption
Tornado
Mountain Building
The rate at which water flows through the soil is called soil percolation or ______.
Groundwater
Permeability
Soil Pores
Porosity
Which wind system is closest to the equator?
Doldrums
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Trade winds
What type of population growth is being shown in this population pyramid?
Rapid growth
Stable growth
Declining growth
If a primary consumer contains 1,000 kcal of energy, the secondary consumer gains how much energy when it eats the primary consumer?
1,000 kcal
100 kcal
10 kcal
10,000 kcal
Which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals and nutrients that are transported from other soil layers?
a
b
c
d
Corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well.
Which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn?
Clay because it has at least 45% clay so it absorbs water very well.
Silt loam because it is about 80% silt and has low amounts of sand.
Sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay.
Silty clay loam because it has all three soil components.
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is
nitrogen
oxygen
water vapor
carbon dioxide
When irrigation water evaporates, salts are left behind on the soil surface and can cause plant death or lead to
soil salinization
desertification
waterlogging
monocropping
One of the advantages to using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is
reduce the need for pesticides
they are not regulated by the government
the concern about safety to consume
they can cause food allergies
Because global fisheries have dramatically seen a reduction in fish numbers, this technique has been used recently to supplement that loss.
monocropping
IPM
contour farming
aquaculture
The systematic removal of rock or other substance for financial gain.
smelting
mining
urban farming
forestry
Reclamation is the process of
Removing coal from a subsurface seam
Extracting ore minerals from gangue minerals
Returning land to its original or better condition
Protecting the habitats of local wildlife
An ecological footprint is
The amount of wilderness available on the earth
The amount of biologically productive land and water a person uses
A measure of the earth's biological capacity
A measure of a person's contribution to creating a sustainable environment
This method of forestry management involves the removal of certain trees with disease or trees of a desired height for use in industry.
clearcutting
selective cutting
controlled burning
reforestation
Which is NOT a contaminant associated with CAFOs?
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Oil spills
E. coli
Excess nitrogen and phosphorous in waterways can cause
Eutrophication
CAFOs
Asthma
I know we've talked about this...
What percent of energy consumption is made of renewable energy?
92%
50%
20%
8%
Which type of renewable energy is pictured?
photovoltaic cells
parabolic solar collection
hydroelectric
geothermal
Which location would be best for solar energy?
Arizona
Oklahoma
Hawaii
Colorado
Which location would be best for geothermal energy?
Arizona
Oklahoma
Hawaii
Colorado
Which location would be best for wind energy?
Arizona
Oklahoma
Hawaii
Colorado
Which renewable energy does not require spinning a turbine?
hydroelectric
wind
tidal
photovoltaic cells
What is given off as waste in a hydrogen fueled car?
H2
O2
H2O2
H2O
Which of the following is not a biofuel or a biomass?
wood
ethanol from corn
dung
methane
Fuel cells that use a chemical reaction to generate electricity are using
hydrogen gas
methane gas
water
oil
What is a drawback of using ethanol as a fuel alternative to gasoline?
it is produced from a food item
produces more pollution than gas
nonrenewable and comes from the ground
burns worse than gasoline
The following are advantages of which type of energy?
· Energy-dense and abundant—will last up to 200 years
· No refining needed
· Easy, safe to transport
· Economic backbone of many small towns
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear Energy
The following are advantages of which type of energy?
· Cogeneration power plants can have efficiencies up to 60%
· Efficient for cooking, heating, etc.
· Fewer impurities than coal or oil
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear Energy
The following are advantages of which type of energy?
· Emits no CO2
· Offers independence from imported oil
· High energy density, ample supply
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear Energy
The following are pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions of which type of energy?
· Radioactive waste
· Emissions from uranium mining
Petroleum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear Energy
Which fuel contains the most SULFUR?
wood
oil
natural gas
coal
Type of fuel source that causes DEFORESTATION
Solar energy
Nuclear fission
Geothermal
Biomass
What is the half-life of Iodine 131?
32 days
24 days
16 days
8 days
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a renewable energy source?
wind
solar
nuclear
biomass
Based on the diagram, which processes would provide the energy used to generate electricity at the power plant?
absorption of incoming solar radiation
fusion of atomic nuclei to form heavier atomic nuclei
fission in radioactive fuel
combustion of fossil fuels
Which climate conditions would be best suited for the formation of photochemical smog?
Cool, wet, cloudy
Cool, dry, sunny
Warm, wet, cloudy
Warm, dry, sunny
Cool air trapped below warm air, with the possibility of trapping pollutants near the surface.
Cold Front
Warm Front
Temperature Inversion
Heat Island
Check all that are true about carbon dioxide.
It is nonessential to life on earth
It is responsible for all changes to Earth's climate
It is very stable and remains in atmospheric form for years
It is a contributor to ozone depletion
Why has atmospheric carbon increased in recent history?
Increased human population and respiration
Increase in consumption of fossil fuels
Rapid deforestation in some areas of the world
A decline in the phytoplankton producer population
What do scrubbers do to control air pollution?
They increase the efficiency of electricity generation
They remove gases and particulates from exhaust
They use electric charge to remove pollutants
They convert pollutants to something less harmful
Check all that is true of the Clean Air Act.
It set air quality standards for public health
It was signed by 71 nations in Montreal
It developed motor vehicle emission standards
It gave a timeline to power plants to cut emissions
Implicated in human neurological damage
Sulfur dioxide
Lead
Ozone
Hydrocarbons
Particulates
Most often cited as the causative factor for acid deposition
Sulfur dioxide
Lead
Ozone
Hydrocarbons
Particulates
A paper company located on the banks of a river discharges its treated wastewater into the river.
Which of the following water quality indicators should be measured to best determine if the wastewater is increasing the acidity of the river?
The amount of dissolved oxygen
The total suspended solids
The amount of hydrogen ions
The species richness
Which is NOT an air pollutant address by the Clean Air Act of 1970?
O3
CO
NOx
CH4
All of these were addressed by the Clean Air Act
Which is NOT a source of SO2?
combustion of fossil fuels
volcanic eruptions
forest fires
lightning
none of these are sources of SO2
What is TRUE of carbon monoxide?
It is CO2
It is an odorless gas
It has a purple color
It is the product of complete combustion
None of these are true
Photochemical smog results from a reaction between
nitrogen, oxygen and sunlight
nitrogen, carbon and sunlight
oxygen, water and lead
sunlight, sulfur and carbon
carbon, hydrogen, and methane
The global atmospheric CO2 concentration in 1980 was
340 ppm
100 ppm
400 ppm
450 ppm
510 ppm
The global atmospheric CO2 concentration in 2020 was
340 ppm
100 ppm
410 ppm
450 ppm
510 ppm
What areas are more likely to experience temperature inversions?
small cities in the mountains
large cities in valleys
large cities near oceans
small cities near a river
Which of the following examples includes both a point and a nonpoint source of pollution?
A factory smokestack and a sewage overflow
Runoff from city streets and pesticides from agricultural fields
Waste from animal feedlots and sediment from construction sites
Fertilizer from suburban lawns and wastewater from a water treatment plant
Which of the following will result in accelerated eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes, and bays?
Bacteria and viruses
pesticides
herbicides
phosphates
acid wastes
The diagram shows a power plant designed to generate electricity for a nearby city.
The water used in this type of power plant is often released back into a reservoir.
Which of the following effects could this released water have on the reservoir?
The released water is radioactive and is lethal to a variety of organisms in the reservoir.
Chemical pollutants in the released water cause algal blooms in the reservoir.
Ash from the power plant is dissolved in the released water and will precipitate out into the reservoir.
The temperature of the released water causes a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the reservoir.
Which of the following best explains why top predators can have up to 60 times as much of persistent organic pollutant (POP) as their prey and up to 600 times as much of the pollutant as producers?
POPs accumulate in the body fat of living organisms. POPs increase in concentration as they move up the food chain.
POPs can travel over long distances by wind or water. Predators have greater access to different locations than do producers and therefore have higher concentrations of POPs.
POPs are not carbon-based compounds, so animal digestive systems lack enzymes capable of breaking them down. POPs biomagnify in the fatty tissues of animals but not in plants.
POPs are solids, which only animals can ingest. Therefore, POPs have a greater effect on secondary and tertiary levels of food chains.
Endocrine disruptors cause the following impacts to organisms
increased respiratory rate
damage to the cardiovascular system
increased size of individual organisms
birth defects and cancer
What is it called when a persistent pollutant (like mercury or PCBs) builds up in the tissues of an organism as they continue to eat something that contains the pollutant
Subsidence
Biomagnification
Tragedy of the commons
Bioaccumulation
"Bad ozone" occurs in the
Lithosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Which of the following best describes the importance of ozone in the stratosphere to life on Earth?
Ozone reflects X-rays from the Sun back into space.
Ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
Ozone helps to moderate surface temperature by absorbing CO2 and CH4.
Ozone increases mutation rates and accelerates evolution in a variety of species.
A factory discharges a mercury-based waste into the local river. This is
point-source pollution
nonpoint-source pollution
not a problem, mercury is natural
Choose the zone in which populations of organisms with high oxygen requirements will most likely be absent.
A
B
C
D
E
Which of the following best identifies the reason that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were banned in 1996 by the Montreal Protocol?
CFCs increased acid deposition in northern latitudes.
CFCs increased the rates of cancer in workers in mining operations.
CFCs led to a spike in the number of respiratory illnesses diagnosed in children.
CFCs led to the destruction of stratospheric ozone.
The main elements in CFCs are
Carbon, Calcium, Francium
Carbon, Chlorine, Fluorine
Chromium, Chlorine, Fluorine
Chlorine, Fluorine, Calcium
Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment? (Getting rid of CFCs)
The Antarctic Treaty of 1961
The Clean Air Act of 1972
CERCLA (Superfund)
The Montreal Protocol
Which of the following best describes the importance of ozone in the stratosphere to life on Earth?
Ozone reflects X-rays from the Sun back into space.
Ozone absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
Ozone helps to moderate surface temperature by absorbing CO2 and CH4.
Ozone increases mutation rates and accelerates evolution in a variety of species.
The second step of ozone formation involves atomic oxygen combining with what molecule?
CO2
O2
NO2
2H2O
The breakdown of CFCs in the atmosphere is caused by UV rays.
True
False
Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?
Nitrous oxide
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Chlorofluorocarbons
The ocean becomes this with the absorption of excess CO2
alkaline
acidic
neutral
shallower
none of these
A species who is very close to extinction
threatened
endangered
invasive
least concern
alien
committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets
Kyoto Protocol
CITES
Montreal Protocol
Endangered Species Act
NEPA
Organisms that are successful in a new environment due to access to abundant resources and no predators
threatened
keystone
endangered
least concern
invasive
The international agreement between governments to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten the survival of the species
CITES
Endangered Species Act
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Sioux Falls Animal Act
Which of the following anthropogenic activities is most closely associated with depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer?
Flooded cropland
Garbage incineration
Mining of talc
Disposal of refrigerators and air conditioners
None of these
What evidence is there to support that Global Warming is occurring?
Rising ocean temperatures
Declining arctic sea glacers
Sea levels rising
Increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
How does ocean acidification impact marine calcifiers?
It weakens their shells and bodies
It makes their food die
It makes the water too warm for them
It adds too much weight to their shells
All of the following gases have been implicated in contributing to the increase in global temperature via the greenhouse effect EXCEPT
O2
CH4
N2O
CO2
CFCs
Which of the following is part of a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change?
Increased cloudiness caused by more moisture in the atmosphere
Melting of Arctic sea ice
Increased growth of CO2 -absorbing trees and grasses
Increased acidity of seawater
