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Genetics Review

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 53mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
2.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
3.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
4.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
5.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
6.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
7.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
8.

A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.

a)

Replication

b)

Translation

c)

Transcription

d)

Protein Synthesis

9.
Identify #2.
a)
nitrogen base
b)
phosphate group
c)
deoxyribose sugar
d)
nucleotide
10.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
11.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
12.

Alleles (example: H or h) are alternative forms of a gene. How many alleles does a baby guinea pig inherit from their mother?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

23

d)

whichever one is dominant

13.

A HETEROZYGOUS individual would have the genotype:

a)

Hh

b)

hh

c)

HH

d)

Hi

14.

In pea plants, tall (T) plant alleles are dominant to short (t) plant alleles. If two tall plants (each with the genotype Tt) are crossed, what is the probability that the cross would result in a short pea plant?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

100%

15.

Genes determine the characteristics, or __?__, that an individual can have.

a)

chromosomes

b)

cells

c)

genetics

d)

traits

16.

Sections of DNA on a chromosome are called:

a)

nuclei.

b)

RNA.

c)

genes.

d)

traits.

17.

How many alleles do you inherit from EACH parent for a specific trait?

a)

1

b)

2

18.

The physical expression of a trait is called the ...

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

19.

Segments of DNA that code for traits are called ....

a)

genes

b)

proteins

c)

alleles

20.

Genotype: TT

a)

homozygous dominant

b)

homozygous recessive

c)

heterozygous dominant

21.

Cross 2 heterozygous tall pea plants. Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). What fraction of the offspring do you predict will be tall?

a)

1/4

b)

2/4

c)

3/4

d)

4/4

22.

Which statement below describes DOMINANT alleles?

a)

expressed when at least one is present

b)

only expressed when 2 are present

23.

Which of the following is a PHENOTYPE for flower color in pea plants?

a)

Pp

b)

PP

c)

Purple

24.

The different forms or versions of a gene are called ...

a)

alleles

b)

gametes

25.

Having freckles is a dominant trait in humans.  A girl has freckles, but her brother does not. What do we know for certain about the parents?

a)

both parents have at least one recessive allele

b)

both parents are heterozygous for freckles

c)

one of the parents does not have freckles

26.

In a population of bees, long wings (L) are dominant over short wings (l).  Bees with long wings are ...

a)

heterozygous only (Ll)

b)

homozygous 

dominant only (LL)

c)

heterozygous or 

homozygous 

dominant (LL or Ll)

27.

Which statement below describes RECESSIVE alleles?

a)

expressed when at least one is present

b)

only expressed when 2 are present

28.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for bringing the genetic code out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

29.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

30.

A string of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein

a)

Ribose

b)

Amino Acids

c)

tRNA

d)

Gene

31.

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

dRNA

32.

There are a total of ____ different amino acids

a)

20

b)

1

c)

4

d)

unlimited

33.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
34.
Which of these nitrogenous bases is NOT in RNA?
a)
Uracil
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Guanine
35.
What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?
a)
GGAT
b)
CCAT
c)
GGAU
d)
CCAU
36.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
37.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
38.
The process where DNA is transcribed to mRNA happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
39.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

40.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

41.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

42.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

43.
Where do mutations occur?
a)
DNA and RNA
b)
DNA 
c)
RNA
d)
mRNA and tRNA
44.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
45.

The bottom DNA sequence in the image has been altered by this type of mutation

a)

substitution

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

46.

True or false, mutations create genetic diversity?

a)

True

b)

False

47.

DNA made from two (2) or more sources is called...

a)

Recombinant DNA

b)

Bacterial DNA

c)

Messenger DNA

d)

Artificial DNA

48.

An organism's complete set of genes is called its...

a)

Genome

b)

DNA

c)

Chromosome

d)

Chromatin

49.

Which of the following is used to create recombinant DNA?

a)

Restriction Enzymes

b)

Amino Acids

c)

Genetic Proteins

d)

Messenger RNA

50.

Which genetic technique amplifies the number of DNA pieces in a lab setting?

a)

PCR

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Gene Therapy

d)

CRISPR

51.

Which genetic technique separates DNA fragments based on their size?

a)

PCR

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Gene Cloning

d)

CRISPR

52.

Which of the following examples of genetic technologies repairs existing abnormal genes?

a)

CRISPR

b)

PCR

c)

Gel Electrophoresis

d)

Cloning

53.

Restriction Enzymes can cut at any sequence of DNA

a)

True

b)

False

54.
Gel electrophoresis enables scientists to
a)
separate DNA fragments.
b)
combine DNA fragments.
c)
count the genes in DNA.
d)
insert DNA in cells.
55.
Which produces offspring from a single cell of an adult?
a)
inbreeding.
b)
mutations.
c)
hybridization.
d)
cloning.
56.
Transgenic organisms contain
a)
genes from other species.
b)
cells of another organism.
c)
genes of only one parent.
d)
one or more human genes.
57.
simple ring of DNA from prokaryotes
a)
plasmid
b)
restriction enzymes
c)
recombinant DNA
d)
gene
58.

Selective breeding is...

a)

a process to create an organism with desired traits from parents with those desired traits to benefit humans

b)

natural method of producing offspring with desired traits

c)

creating a new species

d)

making organisms reproduce during times of stress

59.

One problem with selective breeding is

a)

creating a new species

b)

gene variety is lost

c)

extinction of a species

60.
Which is another term for selective breeding?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Intelligent selection
61.

The process in which an organism is genetically identical to its parent is known as

a)

Cloning

b)

Hybridization

c)

DNA fingerprinting

d)

Kayrotyping

62.

A picture taken of chromosomes that is used to view chromosomal disorders is called a

a)

karyotype

b)

clone

c)

DNA fingerprint

d)

recombinant DNA

63.

This chart, that shows genetic relationships within families is called a

a)

DNA fingerprint

b)

Pedigree

c)

Genome

d)

Karyotype

64.

What is the relationship between person I-2 and III-6?

a)

Mother/Son

b)

Grandmother/Grandson

c)

Brothers

d)

Cousins

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