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Biology Review Questions

Total questions: 142

Worksheet time: 3hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement BEST describes how embedded proteins help a plasma membrane perform its function?

a)

They prevent waste material from leaving a cell.

b)

They prevent water molecules from entering a cell.

c)

They allow certain kinds of molecules to enter or leave a cell.

d)

They allow substances dissolved in water to enter or leave a cell.

2.

Mitchell is creating a model of a plant cell. Mitchell wants to include organelles that are involved in energy production for the cell. Which organelles should Mitchell include?

a)

Mitchell should use mitochondria to store energy and cytoplasm to release energy from food.

b)

Mitchell should include the nucleus to transform light energy and chloroplasts to store energy.

c)

Mitchell should include cytoplasm to store energy and lysosomes to release energy from food.

d)

Mitchell should include chloroplasts to transform light energy and mitochondria to release energy from food.

3.

Sydney created a cell model for her science project as shown above. Sydney needs to label her model. Which statement BEST describes the type of model Sydney created?

a)

Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall.

b)

Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain a nucleus and a cell wall.

c)

Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain cytoplasm and a cell membrane.

d)

Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain chloroplasts and a cell membrane.

4.

Which describes an interaction between the Golgi apparatus and another organelle to maintain a cell's homeostasis?

a)

The Golgi apparatus stores nutrients provided by the mitochondria.

b)

The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins created by ribosomes.

c)

The Golgi apparatus collects genetic information to be used by the nucleus.

d)

The Golgi apparatus sends and receives chemical signals for the membrane.

5.

In a cell, the information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to what other cell structure?

a)

mitochondrion

b)

cell membrane

c)

chloroplast

d)

ribosome

6.

The fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane suggests that the membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

a)

to allow substances to cross the plasma membrane via active transport

b)

to provide a hydrophilic head so that water can enter the cell

c)

to package and sort molecules to be sent in vesicles

d)

to read messenger RNA to assemble amino acids

7.

Which of the following are NOT found in both plant and animal eukaryotic cells?

a)

vacuoles

b)

nuclei

c)

mitochondria

d)

chloroplasts

8.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement comparing cell membranes and cell walls?

a)

Cell walls prevent everything from entering the cell, while cell membranes allow some things to enter.

b)

Cell membranes function mostly as selectively permeable gatekeepers while cell walls function mainly as support systems.

c)

Cell membranes are found only in animal cells; cell walls are found only in plant cells.

d)

Cell walls function mostly for photosynthesis while cell membranes function mostly for cellular respiration.

9.

An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins are normally found in the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Golgi apparatus

10.

Which term best completes the concept map above?

a)

an animal cell

b)

a prokaryotic cell

c)

a virus

d)

a plant cell

11.

The diagram above shows how living things use enzyme in chemical reactions to release energy. How do enzymes affect the reactions in which they take part?

a)

Most enzymes slow down chemical reactions.

b)

Enzymes are converted into products in the reaction.

c)

Enzymes increase the activation energy of the reaction.

d)

Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.

12.

Enzymes help living organisms metabolize food. Typically, an enzyme acts to

a)

slow down a metabolic reaction, which prevents the organism from using energy too quickly.

b)

maintain a metabolic reaction, which causes the organism to lose energy as it takes in food.

c)

transform a metabolic reaction into an oxidation reaction, providing the organism with oxygen.

d)

speed up a metabolic reaction, which allows the organism to get energy quickly.

13.

The function of the nucleic acids contained in the body cells of an organism is

a)

directing the synthesis of proteins necessary for proper cell function.

b)

producing the inorganic molecules needed for normal cell growth.

c)

disrupting meiosis and the synthesis of amino acids into a sequence.

d)

forming a variety of gametes that will pass on hereditary information.

14.

What is the role of carbohydrates in animal cells?

a)

synthesizing proteins

b)

developing enzymes

c)

storing energy

d)

protecting the cell wall

15.

A student set up the following investigation. An artificial membrane separates two fluid-filled compartments. This membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to sucrose. Both compartments initially hold the same amount of fluid, which consists of sucrose dissolved in water. The fluid in compartment A is a 20% sucrose solution. The fluid in compartment B is a 35% sucrose solution. Which prediction is correct?

a)

Water will move from compartment A to compartment B by osmosis.

b)

Water will move from compartment B to compartment A by osmosis.

c)

Sucrose will move from compartment A to compartment B by diffusion.

d)

Sucrose will move from compartment B to compartment A by diffusion.

16.

Use the illustration of a cell in its environment above to answer the question. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what will most likely happen after a certain amount of time?

a)

The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.

b)

The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.

c)

The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.

d)

The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.

17.

Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

18.

Maggie places cells of Elodea, a freshwater plant, on a wet-mount microscope slide. She uses a saltwater solution to prepare the slide. When she observes the cells under the microscope, what is she MOST LIKELY to see?

a)

The cells will shrink within the cell walls.

b)

The cells will swell, expanding the cell walls.

c)

The cell walls will dissolve, releasing the cell.

d)

The cells will not be affected and remain unchanged.

19.

Which process requires cellular energy?

a)

active transport

b)

passive transport

c)

diffusion

d)

osmosis

20.

A balloon allows water but not sugar to pass through it. The balloon contains a 10% sugar solution. A beaker contains a 5% sugar solution. Which statement is true?

a)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by osmosis.

b)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by osmosis.

c)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by active transport.

d)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by active transport.

21.

Use the diagram above to answer the question. The diagram shows a beaker of water and molecules of red dye at the beginning of an experiment (Time 1) and the same beaker of water and molecules of red dye after 30 minutes (Time 2). Which of the following BEST explains what happened?

a)

Molecules of red dye moved by diffusion from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

b)

Molecules of red dye moved by active transport from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

c)

Molecules of water moved by osmosis from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

d)

Molecules of water moved by active transport from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

22.

Which statement BEST describes diffusion?

a)

Diffusion requires the cell to use energy.

b)

Diffusion is an example of active transport.

c)

Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

d)

Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are more concentrated to areas where they are less concentrated.

23.
SPEED QUESTION!!  I am the control center of a cell.
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Ribosome
d)
Plasma membrane
24.
Which is NOT true of MEIOSIS?
a)
Produces two cells
b)
Allows for genetic recombination
c)
Produces gametes
d)
Includes crossing over
25.
Which of the following is true of NUCLEIC ACIDS?
a)
Examples include enzymes and hormones
b)
Function is transmitting information
c)
Monomer is amino acid
d)
Used for long-term energy storage
26.
Which process creates an identical copy of DNA?
a)
Mutation
b)
Replication
c)
Transcription
d)
Translation
27.
Transcribe this sequence:  ACTGTTC
a)
UGACAAG
b)
TGACAAG
c)
TGUCUUG
d)
AGUCUUG
28.
SPEED QUESTION!!  The process of sunlight being used to make glucose.
a)
Respiration
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Chemosynthesis
d)
Replication
29.
Cell membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave but prevents unwanted materials from entering or needed things from leaving.  What does this describe?
a)
Selective permeability
b)
Metabolism
c)
Respiration
d)
Photosynthesis
30.
What do you call a change in an organism's DNA?
a)
Replication
b)
Mutation
c)
Codon
d)
Phenotype
31.

Fill in the blank: Prophase, ________________, Anaphase, ___________________

a)

Metaphase, Television

b)

Telophase, Mitochondria

c)

Metaphase, Telophase

d)

Telophase, Metaphase

32.

During photosynthesis, what gas do plants release?

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

water

d)

nitrogen

33.

In cellular respiration, glucose and ____________ goes in but _______________ and water comes out.

a)

oxygen, carbon dioxide

b)

carbon dioxide, oxygen

c)

glucose, water

d)

water, glucose

34.
Directs all cell activities "Brain or Control Center of cell"
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Nucleus
c)
ribosomes
d)
Mitochondria
35.
"powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Cell Wall
d)
Vesicle
36.
Jelly-like substance found inside cell that acts as a medium for chemical reactions within the cell
a)
Nuclear Membrane
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Ribosome
37.
You water some plants with 3 different types of water (salt water, sugar water and distilled water). You then water a group of plants with regular tap water to compare the other groups to. After a two-week period, the height of the plants is measured. What is the controlled variable?
a)
The plants in regular tap water
b)
Same type of plants
c)
Height of plants
d)
Same type of water
38.
You water some plants with 3 different types of water (salt water, sugar water and distilled water). You then water a group of plants with regular tap water to compare the other groups to. After a two-week period, the height of the plants is measured. What is the independent variable?
a)
The plants in regular water
b)
Same type of plants
c)
Height of plants
d)
Type of water
39.
You water some plants with 3 different types of water (salt water, sugar water and distilled water). You then water a group of plants with regular tap water to compare the other groups to. After a two-week period, the height of the plants is measured. What is the dependent variable?
a)
The plants in regular water
b)
Same type of plants
c)
Height of plants
d)
Type of water
40.
What cell structure consists of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails?
a)
nuclear envelope
b)
plasma membrane
c)
phospholipid bilayer
d)
carbohydrate
41.
When materials move across a cell membrane without using energy, it is called____.
a)
Passive transport
b)
Active transport
42.
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires the use of energy.
a)
Passive transport
b)
Active transport
43.
The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
a)
osmosis
b)
spreading
c)
diffusion
d)
transport
44.
Organisms that make their own food.
a)
producers
b)
consumers
c)
decomposers
d)
detritivores
45.
Herbivores are...
a)
animals that eat other animals for meat
b)
animals that eat plants
c)
animals that eat both plants and meat
d)
organisms that feed on decaying matter
46.
Carnivores are...
a)
animals that eat other animals for meat
b)
animals that eat plants
c)
animals that eat both plants and meat
d)
organisms that feed on decaying matter
47.
Omnivores are...
a)
animals that eat other animals for meat
b)
animals that eat plants
c)
animals that eat both plants and meat
d)
organisms that feed on decaying matter
48.
Decomposers are...
a)
animals that eat other animals for meat
b)
animals that eat plants
c)
animals that eat both plants and meat
d)
organisms that feed on decaying matter
49.
Which organism makes up the base of every food chain?
a)
producers
b)
primary consumer
c)
secondary consumer
d)
tertiary consumer
50.
What are the non-living components in a community?
a)
biotic factors
b)
abiotic factors
51.
What are the living components in a community?
a)
biotic factors
b)
abiotic factors
52.
Water moves into the atmosphere through
a)
transpiration and precipitation
b)
evaporation and transpiration
c)
precipitation and condensation
d)
evaporation and condensation
53.
How does carbon enter the biotic (living) form of the ecosystem?
a)
respiration
b)
precipitation
c)
combustion
d)
photosynthesis
54.
How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?
a)
respiration
b)
precipitation
c)
combustion
d)
photosynthesis
55.
If the amount of carrots decreased, which will most likely occur?
a)
decrease in rabbits
b)
increase in rabbits
c)
increase in foxes
d)
decrease in mice
56.
A relationship between two organisms where both benefit.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
57.
A relationship between two organisms where one benefits and one is unaffected.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
58.
A relationship between two organisms where one benefits and one is harmed.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
59.
Ticks feed on deer blood to the deer’s detriment (harm).
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
60.
Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
61.
A spider builds a web on a tree. The tree neither benefits nor is harmed.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
bonding
62.
What does the dashed line represent? 
a)
equilibrium
b)
carrying capacity
c)
species limit
d)
population number
63.
When members of a population move out of an area, it is called
a)
immigration
b)
emigraton
c)
moving
d)
transportation
64.
The series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem previously existed.
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
65.
The series of changes that occur after a disturbance in an already existing ecosystem.
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
66.
Which equation is this?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
67.
Which equation is this?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
68.
In cells, ATP is used as what?
a)
starter
b)
food
c)
destroyer
d)
energy
69.
The type of respiration that uses oxygen is
a)
anaerobic respiration
b)
aerobic respiration
70.
The type of respiration without using oxygen is
a)
anaerobic respiration
b)
aerobic respiration
71.
During anaerobic respiration in muscles, glucose is converted to
a)
lactic acid
b)
sugar
c)
carbon
d)
energy
72.
The tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal conditions is called
a)
negative feedback
b)
positive feedback
c)
homeostasis
d)
variability
73.

The cell theory is...

a)

All living organisms are composed of at least one cell.

b)

building blocks of life. All cells come from

c)

All of the above

d)

Cells arise only from previously existing cells.

74.

A prokaryotic cell is...

a)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus but do contain other membrane-bound organelles.

b)

Cells that contain a nucleus but no other membrane-bound organelles.

c)

Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

d)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

75.

A Eukaryotic cell is...

a)

Cell that has no membrane.

b)

Cell with no membrane-bound organelles.

c)

A cell containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

d)

A cell containing a nucleus and other nucleus-bound organelle.

76.

The cell membrane main purpose is...

a)

Selective Permeability

b)

Energy Production

c)

Locomotive

d)

Looking good

77.
Which symbiotic relationship is described by one individual benefiting and the other being neither harmed nor benefited?
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Competition
78.
Where in the cell does cell respiration occur?
a)
chloroplast 
b)
central vacuole 
c)
mitochondria
d)
cell membrane
79.
This organic molecule is the main component of biological membranes.....
a)
carbohydrates
b)
lipids 
c)
proteins 
d)
nucleic acids
80.
Which of the following is found in plant cells but not in animal cells? 
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cell Wall 
d)
Ribosomes 
81.
What plant organelle is used to make sugars?
a)
Cell wall 
b)
Mitochondria 
c)
Chloroplast 
d)
Vacuole
82.
Which part of the cell is often called "the brain of the cell"?
a)
nuclear membrane
b)
endoplasmic reticulum
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
83.

What is the outer most part of a cell?

a)

cell wall

b)

nucleus

c)

cell membrane

d)

cell skin

84.
Which organelle uses energy from sunlight to make sugar?
a)
mitochondria
b)
nucleus
c)
chloroplasts
d)
vacuoles
85.
Controls what enters/leaves a cell
a)
cell membrane
b)
Nuclear membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
cytoplasm
86.
A mite lives in the base of the eyelashes of people who use mascara. It feeds on the mascara; it does not seem to harm people. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
87.
A coyote captures, kills, and eats a rabbit. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
88.
The flower of the yucca plant provides the only location where the yucca moth can lay her eggs. In the process, the moth pollinates the yucca flower. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
89.
A tapeworm lives in the intestines of a dog. It absorbs food the dog has eaten and grows larger in the process. The dog becomes weaker from malnutrition. What type of symbiotic relationship is this?
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
90.

True or False: Lipids are insoluble

a)

True

b)

False

91.

True or False: The main function of a lipid is to store energy.

a)

True

b)

False

92.

The units of protein are

a)

Amino acids

b)

Glucose

c)

Fatty acid

d)

Peptides

93.
The diffusion of water is called
a)
active transport 
b)
osmosis
c)
endocytosis
94.
What part of the cell membrane is the arrow pointing to? 
a)
phospholipid
b)
carbohydrate chain 
c)
protein channel 
d)
amino acid 
95.
What is the function of DNA?
a)
Use oxygen and sugar to produce energy
b)
Forms part of the nuclear membrane 
c)
Transport materials throughout the cell 
d)
Contains information to make proteins
96.
What structure in the cell contains most of the cells genetic information? 
a)
A. rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 
b)
B. mitochondria 
c)
C. nucleus 
d)
D. cytoplasm 
97.
What is the primary function of the cell's selectively permeable membrane? 
a)
Regulate energy production 
b)
Keeps the cell's shape
c)
Control what enters and leaves the cell
d)
Maintain a free flow of molecules
98.
Active transport does not require energy.
a)
True 
b)
False 
99.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
100.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Denatured Acid

b)

Dominant Acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

d)

Diribonucleic Acid

101.

The following describes ________ during mitosis. The chromosomes line up along the center/middle of the cell and the spindle fibers attach to each chromosome at the centromere.

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

102.

TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

different

d)

homologous

103.

The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?

a)

phenotype

b)

dominance

c)

genotype

d)

trait

104.

Females-XX; MalesXY. A couple has 4 girls. What is the chance the next child will be a boy?

a)

75%

b)

100%

c)

25%

d)

50%

105.
Which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
a)
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
b)
The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest.
c)
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
106.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
107.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
108.
If green is dominant over purple, then what is the genotype for this individual?
a)
Purple
b)
Green
c)
GG
d)
gg
109.
This image shows a...
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Dominant allele
110.
A phenotype is the...
a)
letter combination
b)
dominant gene
c)
recessive gene
d)
physical appearance
111.
Tt is-
a)
homozygous dominant
b)
homozygous recessive
c)
heterozygous
d)
none of these
112.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous recessive?
a)
RR
b)
Rr
c)
rr
d)
None of the Above
113.
The longest phase of the cell cycle 
a)
prophase
b)
interphase
c)
metaphase
d)
mitosis
114.
The process by which the nuclear material is divided equally between two new cells
a)
mitosis
b)
cancer
c)
spindle
d)
centromere
115.
This picture shows which process?
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
the cell cycle
116.
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene.  The change is called a(n)
a)
mutation
b)
gene flow
c)
gene pool
d)
allele
117.

Which statement best describes the process of evolution?

a)

Populations can survive in different locations on earth

b)

Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth

c)

Populations grow when resources are abundant

d)

The traits of a species can change over time

118.

Having freckles is dominant over not having freckles. If two individuals heterozygous for freckles have a child, what is the probability the child will have freckles?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

119.

Identical twin girls are separated at birth and cared for by two different families. After twenty years, the twins have different heights and weights. What is most likely the cause of these differences?

a)

One twin had a genetic condition that prevented her from growing tall.

b)

The DNA of one twin was different from the DNA of the other twin.

c)

Each twin was provided a different diet and physical activities.

d)

The proteins made by one twin were different than the proteins made by the other twin.

120.

What is the function of a restriction enzyme?

a)

to control the movement of proteins into a cell

b)

to regulate blood sugar levels

c)

to produce hormones that regulate digestion

d)

to cut DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence

121.

Some marine worms and mollusks go through similar larval stages during development. Which can be inferred about their relationship?

a)

They share a common ancestor

b)

The mate with each other

c)

They compete for a habitat

d)

The share the same food source

122.

Which statement best describes natural selection?

a)

As the weather changes, organisms that are able to find shelter need less energy to live.

b)

Organisms that eat only plants need less food than organisms that eat animals.

c)

Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring.

d)

Small organisms are more likely to survive than larger organisms.

123.

Some scientists claim recent evidence suggests birds should be reclassified to share more taxonomic groups with dinosaurs. What type of evidence would provide the best support for this claim?

a)

evidence showing birds shared similar habitats with dinosaurs

b)

evidence showing birds shared similar nutritional requirements as dinosaurs

c)

evidence showing birds shared similar behaviors with dinosaurs

d)

evidence showing birds shared a common genetic history with dinosaurs

124.

This is a dichotomous key for selected arthropods. To which order does the caddis fly belong?

a)

Acarina

b)

Diptera

c)

Siphonaptera

d)

Trichoptera

125.

Which molecules are joined together to make proteins?

a)

fatty acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

amino acids

d)

acetic acids

126.

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration?

a)

carbon dioxide + glucose → oxygen + water

b)

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

c)

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

d)

oxygen + water → carbon dioxide + glucose

127.

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?

a)

through energy production in the mitochondria

b)

through aerobic respiration in the plasma membrane

c)

through ATP produced directly from sunlight

d)

through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm

128.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms.


Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

a)

Organism 1

b)

Organism 2

c)

Organism 3

d)

Organism 4

129.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates.

Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

a)

The primates lived in similar environments.

b)

The primates shared a common ancestor.

c)

The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

d)

The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

130.

Researchers studying populations of lizards from the genus Gallotia on the Canary Islands compared the protein cytochrome b in different populations. The table shows the number of differences in the cytochrome b protein between different populations.


Which conclusion about the relatedness of the lizards do these data support?

a)

G. atlantica and G. stehlini are the least closely related. .

b)

G. simonyi and G. bravoana are the most closely related.

c)

G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti palmae are the most closely related.

d)

G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti galloti are the least closely related

131.

The graph shows the number of taxa of reptiles whose fossilized tracks have been found.

Which statement is best supported by these data?

a)

Competition for food and shelter among reptile species was very low during the Triassic period.

b)

A great extinction occurred during the Jurassic period.

c)

Environmental conditions for speciation were most favorable for reptiles during the Permian period.

d)

Reptiles adapted to a terrestrial environment during the Cretaceous period.

132.

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree.

Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

a)

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

b)

There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles.

c)

The number of light-colored beetles will decrease.

d)

The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree.

133.

The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states. Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?

a)

Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species.

b)

Hybridization produces offspring traits that allow different species to survive in extreme environments.

c)

Inherited traits passed on from parental generations make hybrid species more susceptible to disease.

d)

Hybrid species display more adaptations due to their reduced genetic diversity.

134.

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?

a)

Being able to escape from predators

b)

Being among the strongest organisms in a population

c)

Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring

d)

Being able to survive long enough to reach the adult stage

135.

Common baboons live on the savanna in breeding groups called troops. While females tend to stay with the troop, younger or less dominant males may leave to join a neighboring troop. Which of these is a likely outcome of movement by young males?

a)

Gene flow occurs between populations.

b)

Allele frequencies suddenly change.

c)

Relative genotypic frequencies reach a constant state.

d)

Intermediate phenotypes increase in the species.

136.

The gray squirrel, Eastern fox squirrel, and red squirrel are all different species of squirrels. Why is having a scientific name for each species of an organism important?

a)

To prevent existing named organisms from having their names changed as they become extinct

b)

To keep the classification system from being altered as new organisms are discovered

c)

To allow organisms to be placed in many classification levels at the same time

d)

To standardize the naming and organization of organisms to avoid confusion

137.

Scientists around the world use a standardized taxonomic system. Why would scientists want to use a taxonomic system that is standardized?

a)

In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

b)

Because Linnaeus established the system

c)

So that Latin names can be applied for a practical purpose

d)

In order to place organisms in different groups

138.

Scientists around the world use a standardized taxonomic system. Why would scientists want to use a taxonomic system that is standardized?

a)

In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

b)

Because Linnaeus established the system

c)

So that Latin names can be applied for a practical purpose

d)

In order to place organisms in different groups

139.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

140.
a)

F

b)

G

c)

H

d)

I

141.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

142.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D