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B - Evolution, Artificial & Natural Selection, & Adaptations

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 6hrs 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Natural selection occurs during the lifetime of a single organism.

a)

True

b)

False

2.

What is most likely to happen to moth populations in the picture shown?

a)

Light moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

b)

Dark moths--hunted easily, dark moths--population increase

c)

Light moths--hunted easily, light moths--population increase

d)

Lights moths will change their color to match dark moths.

3.

How do you "win" at natural selection?

a)

survive

b)

go extinct

c)

survive & reproduce

4.

Due to pollution, a pond becomes darker over time. Which trait variation became more common?

a)

light fish

b)

dark fish

5.

The better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Extinction

d)

Artifical Selection

6.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)

They are more likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

They come from dominant alleles.

c)

They come from recessive alleles.

d)

Traits are likely to survive.

7.

According to natural selection, light colored tree trunks would favor

a)

light colored moths

b)

dark colored moths

c)

red colored moths

d)

red and light colored moths

8.

Natural Selection is driven by a change in the environment and survival of the

a)

Earth

b)

Fastest

c)

Fittest

d)

Biggest

9.

Which organisms are most likely to survive & reproduce?

a)

the best adapted

b)

the fastest

c)

the strongest

d)

the most domesticated (tamed)

10.

Change in a population over time that descend from a common ancestor.

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Selective Breeding

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Evolution

11.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)

The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice

b)

The dark mice taste better

c)

Hawks can see the light mice more easily

12.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
13.
Most organisms have more offspring than will survive 
a)
True
b)
False
14.
Definition: adaptation
a)
inherited characteristic that increases chances of survival
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
15.
Definition: natural selection
a)
inherited characteristic that increases chances of survival
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
16.
Definition: fitness
a)
ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
17.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
18.

All rabbits of the same species living in a particular area would be an example of a(n)

a)

population

b)

species

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

19.

The more genetic variation a population has,

the more likely it is for some individuals to

a)

evolve

b)

migrate

c)

survive

d)

mutate

20.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

changes in genotype, but not phenotype

21.
Why do frogs and other organism reproduce so many eggs or offspring?
a)
so that their babies can have friends to play with
b)
the more offspring the more likely the offspring will survive
c)
the more offspring the less likely offspring will survive 
d)
the more offspring the less competition
22.
The long and sharp beak of a woodpecker is an example of:
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
23.
Domesticated dogs are an example of:
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
24.

Why is competition important for natural selection?

a)

It shows which variations are more successful, allowing the organisms with those variations to survive.

b)

It causes organisms, regardless of which traits they have, to die out, reducing the population size.

c)

It causes organisms to get stronger due to having to outcompete other species.

d)

Competition is not important for natural selection.

25.

Match the following

a)

Natural Selection

1.

A process -- survival of the fittest

b)

Adaptation

2.

inherited trait that increases chance of survival

c)

Development

3.

A process - cells change from one kind to another

d)

Diversity

4.

variation of life forms

e)

Species

5.

Organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

26.

Match the following

a)
1.

Diversity

b)
2.

Natural Selection

c)
3.

Adaptation

d)
4.

Species

e)
5.

Development

27.

A process in nature where traits and organisms that are best adapted to the environment survive and reproduce.

(a)  

28.

A variation in a plant or animal that increases it chance of survival in its environment.

(a)  

29.

A taxonomic category referring to organisms that can reproduce with one another, have similar characteristics, and have a common gene pool.

(a)  

30.
Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as
a)
theory of evolution.
b)
variations.
c)
survival of the fittest.
d)
ecosystems.
31.
This scientist developed the theory of evolution as he studied the finches.
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Albert Einstein
d)
Marie Curie
32.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
33.

A species could go extinct if:

a)

food becomes more plentiful.

b)

members of the species have adaptations to enhance survival.

c)

the environment changes drastically and no one can adapt.

d)

there is less competition for resources.

34.

What type of environment do you think this data was collected from?

a)

forest with primarily white-bark trees

b)

forest with primarily dark-bark trees

35.

A yellow morph and green morph of an insect lives in the rainforest canopy. You would expect:

a)

the green population to increase and the yellow to decrease

b)

both populations should stay the same

c)

both populations will increase

d)

the green population to decrease and the yellow to increaseThis is a wrong answer

36.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
37.

What is a trait?

a)

a color

b)

the quality or characteristic of an organism

c)

the DNA of an organism

d)

when mutatuons cause extra limbs.

38.

In a cold environment what would be some adaptive traits? Sellect all that apply.

a)

thick blubber

b)

thick fur

c)

thin fur

d)

strong muscles

39.

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

a)

Gorillas are in the wild and have a baby gorilla.

b)

A group of ants in an ant pile are exterminated by an exterminator.

c)

A black speckled rabbit is a new favorite among children, a white and black rabbit are picked to make black and white baby bunnies.

d)

Wolves in the wild have pups.

40.

White tigers are becoming extinct, to overcome this a male and female white tiger are paired together in captivity to help their population continue to grow. This is an example of:

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Gene Flow

c)

Artificial Selection

d)

Genetic Drift

41.

Differences in traits are called:

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic variations

c)

artificial selection

d)

adaptations

42.

A population of rabbits grows rapidly from one year to the next. Then one year, a disease strikes approximately one fourth of the adult rabbits. The disease remains with the population in the years that follow.

As explained by Darwin’s theory, which of these conditions allows the rabbit population to evolve by natural selection?

a)

The disease affects adult and juvenile rabbits equally.

b)

The disease reduces the ability of the rabbits to reproduce.

c)

Some rabbits are resistant to the disease, and they pass the resistance to their offspring.

d)

No rabbits are resistant to the disease, and all die when the disease strikes them.

43.

Before the invention of the light bulb, Americans burned oil in lamps for light. Whale oil was popular bio-fuel for these

lamps. Ship crews would hunt whales for their oil. They searched for the largest whales they could find so that they could obtain as much whale oil as possible. How mighty decades of whale hunting possibly affect the natural selection of the species?

a)

The whales lost their legs.

b)

The whales became slower.

c)

The whales became smaller.

d)

The whales changed their calls.

44.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
45.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
46.

Darwin said that the number of offspring an organism ___________________

a)

stays the same

b)

has is more than can survive

c)

has is less than needed

47.
Darwin said that within a species there will be _________________________
a)
nothing different
b)
variation/differences
48.
In recent years "SuperBugs" (bacteria that aren't effected by antibiotics) are becoming more and more common. How could natural selection explain this?
a)
Superbugs survive antibiotics and reproduce
b)
Antibiotics cause bacteria to become superbugs
c)
We have always had the same amount of superbugs; modern media just discusses them more.
d)
There is no reliable data on the origin of super bugs.
49.

What is an Abiotic Factor?

a)

A NON-living factor that can affect an ecosystem

b)

A living factor that can affect an ecosystem

c)

The carrying capacity of an ecosystem

50.

What is a Biotic Factor?

a)

The carrying capacity of an ecosystem

b)

A NON-living factor that can affect an ecosystem

c)

A living factor that can affect an ecosystem

51.

Check all of the boxes that show examples of biotic factors.

a)

Rain

b)

Humans hunting

c)

Predators

d)

Wildfire

52.

Check all of the boxes that are examples of abiotic factors.

a)

Prey

b)

Rainfall

c)

A pack of wolves

d)

A tornado

53.

What is a population?

a)

All the organisms living in an area

b)

The living and non-living organisms in an area

c)

A group of the same species living in an area

54.

Beak shape depends on...

a)

where birds live

b)

who they hang out with

c)

diet (fish or seeds)

d)

exercise

55.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

56.
Which feature helps an animal hide from other animals?
a)
looking like a dangerous animal
b)
being the same color as the place it lives (camoflauge)
c)
having sharp claws or a strong shel
d)
having only a few young and caring for them
57.

which is the learned behavior?

a)

shape of beak

b)

monkey riding bicycle

c)

horse eating hay

d)

snake eating mice

58.
Which feature of a rose helps it grow without being eaten by large animals?
a)
flowers with bright colors
b)
sharp thorns
c)
small seeds
d)
deep roots
59.

Determine if the traits are structural or behavioral.

a)

Migration

1.

Behavioral because it makes animals move away and find better resources

b)

Hibernation

2.

Behavioral because it allows animals to save energy

c)

Camouflage

3.

Structural because it allows organisms to hide in plain sight

d)

Venom

4.

Structural because it is a chemical defense

e)

Storage of food in bulb

5.

Structural because it allows plants to save energy for later use

60.
The source of all genetic material is...
a)
Protein
b)
cells
c)
DNA
d)
The brain
61.

What is an example of artificial selection?

a)

Letting dogs choose their own mate

b)

Letting plants pollinate on their own

c)

Crossing a labrador and a poodle to create a labradoodle

62.

Artificial selection is also known as

a)

natural selection

b)

selective hearing

c)

genetic manipulation

d)

selective breeding

63.

When humans select desirable traits to be passed down to offspring

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial selection

64.

Artificial Selection is

a)

a new concept

b)

discovered by Darwin and used ever since

c)

used for thousands of years

d)

a 19th century concept

65.

These cause variations.

a)

mutations

b)

adaptations

c)

a desire to change

d)

breeding

66.
Artificial selection is also known as surivial of the fittest.
a)
True
b)
False
67.

1. Artificial selection has been a big factor in the evolution of:

a)

Dogs

b)

Panda bears

c)

Snakes

d)

Jellyfish

68.

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is.......

a)

natural selection

b)

artificial variation

c)

artificial selection

d)

survival of the fittest

69.

An example of selective breeding is

a)

a dog breeder mating 2 dogs to make more dogs

b)

a farmer grows bees to pollinate the plants on his farm

c)

a person pollinates 2 white rose plants to only create white roses

70.
The purpose of selective breeding is to 
a)
Get bigger animals
b)
get smaller animals
c)
create animals with desirable traits
d)
create animals with bad traits
71.

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit ( ++ )

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

72.

A symbiotic relationship in which an organism benefits and the other organism is hamed. ( + - )

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

73.

A symbiotic relationship in which one organisms benefits and the other organism is unaffected. ( + 0 )

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

74.

A close long term association between two or more species.

a)

carry capacity

b)

limiting factor

c)

symbiosis

75.

A long term change that takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another, causing them to effect one anothers evolution.

a)

limiting factor

b)

carrying capacity

c)

coevolution

76.
Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails is an example of ______. 
a)

mutualism

b)

commmensalism

c)

parasitism

77.
Mistletoe inserts its roots into a spruce tree and steals water and nutrients from the spruce tree is an example of _______.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
78.
Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the body of a black sea bass is an example of _______.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
parasitism
79.
which is the correct order of the levels of organization from simple to complex?
a)
organism, population, community, ecosystem
b)
ecosystem, community, population, organism
80.

Eyes that can see in the dark is a(an) _______ inherited by nocturnal animals.

a)

adaptation

b)

acquired trait

c)

learned ability

81.

Evolution, symbiosis, cells come from other cells, and plate tectonics are all examples of scientific...

a)

hypotheses

b)

theories

c)

laws

82.
What does Darwin's theory of evolution suggest?
a)
species change over time
b)
extinct species are not related to living species
c)
different species can interbreed
d)
animals that look alike are most closely related
83.
In the graph shown, how many species of lizards seem to have beneficial adaptations?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
84.
This scientist came up with the idea of natural selection.
a)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Thomas Malthus
85.
Survival of the fittest or when favorable adaptations reproduce faster is called what?
a)
Evolution
b)
Adaptation
c)
Natural selection
d)
Fossilization
86.
What is embryology?
a)
the age of organisms
b)
the oldest stage of development
c)
the life span of an organism
d)
the earliest growth stage of development
87.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
88.
Organisms with overlapping niches probably have which type of relationship? 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Competitive
89.

Match the following

a)

Abiotic Factor

1.

nonliving factors (soil, pollution, natural disasters, climate)

b)

Biotics Factor

2.

Living factors (plants and animals)

c)

Habitat

3.

is a place where a particular population lives (anthills, squirrel nests, beaver dams, etc)

90.

A(n) __________________ includes all the living and non-living factors in an area.

a)

ecosystem

b)

population

c)

community

d)

biosphere

91.
a deer population has significantly increased, the best hypothesis is 
a)
the deer's main predator has been eliminated
b)
competition increased
c)
decreased water levels of local ponds
d)
organisms that rely on similar food sources migrated to the area
92.

An organisms role in it's environment is its-

a)

habitat

b)

niche

c)

trophic level

d)

biotic factors

93.

True or False:


No two organisms can occupy the exact same niche a the exact same time

a)

True

b)

False

94.

Match the following

a)

Decomposer

1.

This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.

b)

Predator

2.

This is an animal that lives by preying on other animals.

c)

Producer

3.

This is an organism that supplies matter and energy, also known as an autotroph.

d)

Consumer

4.

This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; heterotroph

e)

Parasite

5.

This is an organism which feeds on, but usually does not kill, a larger organism

95.
Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
96.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
97.

What is a niche?

a)

Where an organism lives.

b)

An organisms role, or job, within its ecosystem.

c)

What an organism eats.

98.

What is a Niche of a honeybee?

a)

Pollenating Flowers

b)

A Honeycomb

c)

Eating other insects.

d)

Swimming.

99.

Reorder the following from least to greatest (from left to right).

a)

organism

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

e)

biome

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
100.

North America's "duck factory"

a)

mountains

b)

Prairie pothole region

c)

coral reef

d)

tundra

e)

taiga

101.

Match the following

a)

prairie pothole region

1.

prairie wetland

b)

biotic

2.

living

c)

abiotic

3.

nonliving

d)

dynamic

4.

moving

e)

static

5.

NOT moving

102.

Where is the prairie pothole region?

a)

northern plains of the US

b)

southwest part of US

c)

east coast

d)

Florida

103.

This biome covers 70% of the Earth’s surface.

a)

Ocean

b)

Rainforest

c)

Temperate deciduous forest

d)

Boreal forest (Taiga)

104.

This biome is near the equator.

a)

Temperate deciduous forest

b)

Grassland

c)

Rainforest

d)

Desert

105.

What is this picture describing?

a)

It is describing natural selection.

b)

It is describing direct competition between flamingos and ducks.

c)

It is describing abiotic factors of the tundra.

d)

It is describing the niche of each bird.

106.
This is known as a relationship in which both organisms involved benefit. 
a)
Predator-Prey
b)
Commensalism
c)
Mutualism
d)
Decomposition
107.
A relationship that describe a close interaction between two different species is known as what?
a)
Biodiversity
b)
Symbiosis
c)
Predation
d)
Emigration
108.
Do organisms "decide" to adapt?
a)
Yes, if they don't adapt they will die
b)
No, they can't adapt.  They either have adaptations or they don't
c)
No, they adapt by random mutations during their lifetime
d)
Yes, they can force mutations in one lifetime
109.
An adaptation is
a)
how animals change over time.
b)
a characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce
c)
a theory of how organisms change.
d)
the genes in an organism that determine how an organism is going to look.
110.

Which two organisms are the most closely related according to their DNA sequence?

Critter A--> ATG CTT TTC CCG TTA

Critter B--> ATC CTT TTC CCG TTA

Critter C--> ATG CTA TAG GCG TAA

a)

Critter A and B

b)

Critter A and C

c)

Critter B and C

d)

They are all equally related

111.
Individuals who are considered fit, have:
a)
Stronger genes
b)
Fewer mutations
c)
More food
d)
More offspring
112.
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce is known as...
a)
Adaptation
b)
Trait
c)
Fitness
d)
Variation
113.

Which of the following is considered a behavioral adaptation?

a)

Wolves hunting in packs

b)

Long trunks of elephants

c)

Birds wings that allow them to fly

d)

The white underbelly of a shark

114.
Which of the following means "genetic change in a population over time"
a)
natural selection
b)
speciation
c)
evolution
d)
fitness
115.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds

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