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WorksheetsPraxis 5442 Practice/Review Test
Total questions: 200
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
Which of the following characteristics is most important in demonstrating that a hypothesis should be called a theory?
It interprets an observation.
It applies to a narrow range of phenomena.
It summarizes the most recent work of a scientist.
It provides an explanation for the results of many experiments.
Which of the following should a student select to correctly represent an isotope of ³⁹₁₉K?
³⁹₁₉K+
⁴⁰₁₉K
³⁹₂₀K
⁴⁰₂₀K
Which of the following is a function of mitosis in humans?
Synthesis of hormones
Production of gametes
Repair of damaged tissue
Transmission of electrical signals
An animation of which of the following is most likely to be included in a lesson about how stars are formed?
A cloud of gas contracting and heating up
The formation of black holes
Meteor showers against a night sky
The main asteroid belt orbiting the Sun
To probe whether students have misconceptions about mass and weight, a teacher asks them to consider two identical objects, one on the surface of Earth and one on the surface of the Moon. Which of the following student statements represents a correct understanding about mass and weight?
Both the weight and mass of the object on Earth are greater than the weight and mass of the object on the Moon.
There is no difference between the masses and weights of the objects on Earth and the Moon.
The objects have the same mass, but the object on Earth weighs more than the object on the Moon.
The weights of the objects are equal, but their masses are different.
Which of the following pieces of equipment would be most useful in a middle school classroom activity with the goal of distinguishing the organisms in a drop of pond water?
A microscope
A stopwatch
A balance
A centrifuge
Which of the following best explains how igneous rocks are formed?
Rocks are weathered, transported, deposited, and cemented into new rock.
Molten material cools and hardens.
Rocks are changed by shifting magnetic fields.
Rocks are changed by pressure into different kinds of rocks.
Which of the following best describes how forces produce tides?
Repulsive electrical forces between dissolved ions cause the ocean to increase in volume.
Earth's magnetic field exerts an attractive force on the water in the ocean.
The Coriolis force pushes water in the ocean toward landmasses.
The Moon exerts a gravitational force on the water in the ocean.
The consequences of which of the following human activities would be the most reasonable basis for a classroom discussion on the eutrophication of a body of water?
Use of fertilizers in agriculture
Burning of coal for electricity generation
Building of levees for flood control
Extraction of oil from shale
Five breeding pairs of guppies are placed in a large classroom aquarium that contains aquatic plants, algae, and small invertebrates. The guppies are the only fish in the aquarium and have plenty of food. Guppies can reproduce very quickly. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the population of guppies in the tank?
The population size will remain constant as long as the aquarium is maintained, since the guppies have enough food to eat.
The population size will initially increase rapidly, but eventually the population growth rate will decrease as the guppies' food is consumed faster than it is replaced
The population size will increase until a mutation results in guppies with different‑colored fins that will outcompete the original fish.
The population size will steadily decrease until there are no fish in the aquarium, because there is not enough genetic diversity in the small population.
The refraction of light underlies the operation of which THREE of the following?
A magnifying glass
A pair of binoculars
An incandescent lightbulb
A motion-picture projector
Which of the following statements best describes the heliocentric model?
The core of the Sun is composed of helium.
Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun.
Plants grow toward a source of light.
Helium is the most abundant element in the universe.
Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?
The growth of an oak tree from an acorn buried by a squirrel
An earthworm's use of sperm stored in its body to fertilize eggs that are produced
The budding of a new hydra from a parent hydra
The transfer of pollen between flowering plants by foraging worker bees
Which of the following is most likely to occur in a person who is actively exercising?
Increased breathing rate
Increased digestion
Decreased heart rate
Decreased production of red blood cells
Of the following elements, which is most abundant in Earth's crust?
Nitrogen
Carbon
Silicon
Iron
Which TWO of the following are appropriate laboratory safety standards?
An emergency shower is located within a travel time of 10 seconds.
Prescription eyeglasses provide sufficient eye protection.
.Short pants are proper laboratory attire.
Closed-toe shoes should always be worn.
Which of the following best describes the use of a nonrenewable resource?
Flowing water moving a device that generates power
A solar power plant using the Sun's energy
A wind farm harnessing wind with turbines
A nuclear power plant using uranium fuel
The enzymes found in living organisms serve principally as ____________.
sources of energy
catalysts
hormones
vitamins
Which of the following questions to students would best help a teacher assess their knowledge of transpiration?
How does gravity drive the movement of water on Earth?
Is heat released when water vapor changes to liquid water?
What is the role of plants in the water cycle?
What are the different types of precipitation?
During an investigation, a student dissolves a sample of ammonium chloride in water and records that the temperature of the mixture drops from 48°C to 38°C. Select the appropriate term from each drop-down menu to complete the sentence.
The dissolution process is (i) _____ because thermal energy is (ii) ______ from the solution.
endothermic; absorbed
exothermic; absorbed
endothermic; released
exothermic; released
When the bones of the human arm and the bones of a bat wing are compared, many similarities are observed. These similarities are examples of __________.
vestigial organs
homologous structures
embryonic similarity
convergent evolution
Which of the following describes the principle that is most directly related to the ability to explain geologic evidence from the past?
Geologic processes acted in the same way and with about the same intensity in the past as they do today.
Thermal energy flows from warm geologic structures to cold geologic structures.
Energy is conserved in closed, isolated geologic systems.
Species with different ancestors can develop similar features on different continents.
The diagram shown represents a circuit consisting of a 9-volt battery connected to a lightbulb with a resistance of 3 ohms. Based on Ohm's law, what is the current through the lightbulb? (Assume that the battery and the connecting wires have negligible resistance.)
13 amperes
3 amperes
6 amperes
27 amperes
A child at the top of a slide has gravitational potential energy equal to E. If air resistance and friction are negligible, which of the following is true about the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the child just as the child reaches the bottom of the slide?
Potential Energy. Kinetic Energy
0 0
1/2E 1/2 E
E 0
0 E
Students create a model of a cell city in which each of the organelles corresponds to a function in the city. Which of the following organelles in a plant cell is represented by a warehouse that stores important materials that are needed by the city for later use?
Vacuole
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
A teacher explains to students that the periodic table organizes the elements into columns based on the similarity of their chemical properties. For example, the similarities of elements in column 1 can primarily be attributed to ____.
being in the same physical state
having the same number of valence electrons
having the same number of protons
having nearly equal atomic size
Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
It is all the organisms in a given area and the abiotic factors with which the organisms interact.
It is all the abiotic factors in a given area that can affect the organisms living in the area.
It is all the interacting communities in a given area.
It is all regions of Earth and Earth's atmosphere that support life.
An investigation to study the factors that affect the rate of reaction is conducted. In an experiment, one calcium carbonate tablet each is added to equal volumes of hydrochloric acid with different concentrations. The mass of carbon dioxide gas produced over time is recorded. Which of the following is the independent variable in the experiment?
The number of calcium carbonate tablets
The volume of hydrochloric acid
The concentration of hydrochloric acid
The mass of carbon dioxide produced over time
If a flat object is placed 3 meters in front of a plane mirror, the image will be formed _____.
on the surface of the mirror
3 meters behind the surface of the mirror
greater than 3 meters behind the surface of the mirror
less than 3 meters behind the surface of the mirror
In pea plants, the allele for round peas (R) is dominant to the allele for wrinkled peas (r). If a true-breeding pea plant that produces round seeds (RR) is crossed with a true-breeding pea plant that produces wrinkled seeds (rr), what percentage of the offspring plants are expected to produce round seeds?
0%
25%
50%
100%
A manufacturer is designing a new shoe with the goal of minimizing the total force felt by a person landing on the ground after jumping. Which of the following processes will best help the manufacturer improve the design?
Develop a prototype to test the durability of the shoe's sole before large-scale production.
Develop a prototype, test it, modify the shoe's sole, and retest under the same conditions.
Use high-cost, elastic materials that quickly regain their original shape to make the shoe's sole.
Use natural rubber to make the shoe's sole to minimize the company's carbon footprint during manufacture.
Which of the following is a function of the root system of a flowering plant?
Producing sugars for the plant
Protecting the ovary and fertilized ovules of the plant
Storing oils as an energy source
Absorbing minerals from the soil
Scientists investigating the abyssal plain of the ocean floor are likely to observe which THREE of the following?
Seaweed and phytoplankton
Crustaceans and mollusks
High water pressures
Average water temperatures of 2°C
Which of the following is the correct name for Ca(NO3)2 ?
Calcium nitrate
Calcium nitride
Calcium dinitroxide
Calcium nitrogen trioxide
Which of the following plants does not produce flowers or seeds and uses spores for reproduction?
A pine tree
An oak tree
A grass
A fern
A sample contains 8g of a radioisotope that has a half-life of 10 years. How much time is required for the sample to decay until approximately 1g of the isotope remains in the sample?
10 years
30 years
80 years
800 years
When lions prey on antelopes in the savannas of Africa, the faster antelopes are more likely to escape than the slower antelopes are. Which of the following best describes how this situation exemplifies natural selection?
The survival of an individual organism is purely random.
Organisms change gradually over time.
Organisms strive toward structural perfection.
Organisms with favorable adaptations are more likely to survive.
An alkaline battery converts which of the following forms of energy into electrical energy?
Heat
Kinetic
Chemical
Mechanical
Barium reacts with oxygen gas to form barium oxide, BaO. Which of the following is produced in a similar reaction with oxygen gas?
KO
SO
PO
SrO
Students set up an investigation to study fermentation in yeast. The image represents the setup and results of the investigation. Which of the following student conclusions is supported by the results of the investigation?
Sugar is necessary for yeast to produce a gas.
The yeast bubbles are full of alcohol.
When yeast and water are mixed together, the water temperature changes.
The yeast cells are reproducing..
Which of the following is true about volcanic activity on Earth?
It usually occurs at tectonic plate boundaries.
It is rarely associated with earthquake activity.
It produces only metamorphic rocks.
It produces lava with a temperature below the flash point of wood.
An addition of 4.2J of thermal energy is needed to increase the temperature of 1g of water by 1°C. How much thermal energy needs to be added to increase the temperature of a 100g sample of water by 30°C?
14 J
126 J
4,200 J
12,600 J
Which of the following is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
Synthesizing proteins
Transmitting genetic information to the next generation
Serving as a barrier to separate the cell from the environment
Acting as an attachment point for chromosomes
Earth's seasons in the temperate regions are caused by ____.
the rotation of the Sun on its axis
the tilt of Earth on its axis as it revolves around the Sun
changes in the distance of Earth from the Sun
the gravitational pull of the Sun on Earth
Of the following equations, which represents a combustion reaction?
H2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2O
2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+H2
CaC2+2H2O→Ca(OH)2+C2H2
2CH3OH+3O2→2CO2+4H2O
Which of the following parts of a compound microscope is used to regulate the amount of light transmitted through the specimen on a slide?
Diaphragm
Nosepiece
Fine adjustment knob
Coarse adjustment knob
A teacher provides the following example of a benefit to humans provided by trees.
Trees in a forest may be cut down and used by humans as a natural resource.
Which THREE of the following are examples of benefits provided by the trees that are left to grow in the forest?
They will act as hosts to invasive species of insects and pathogens.
They will absorb and store carbon from the atmosphere.
They will help reduce soil erosion and stormwater runoff.
They will provide habitats for a variety of other species.
According to the solar nebular theory, the planetesimals that clumped together to form Earth were composed of which of the following materials?
Gaseous iron and nickel
Frozen water, methane, and ammonia
Molecular hydrogen
Interstellar dust and rocky debris
A net force of 6N exerted on an object with a mass of 2kg gives it an acceleration of 3m/s2. If the net force acting on the object is doubled, what is the acceleration of the object?
32m/s2
3m/s2
6m/s2
12m/s2
Which of the following correctly lists the first appearance of organisms in the fossil record from earliest to most recent?
Reptiles, fish, birds, amphibians
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds
Amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish
Birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians
Which THREE of the following are examples of physical weathering?
A crack forms in a boulder that is exposed to the intense heat of a forest fire.
Acidic rainwater dissolves the surface of limestone bedrock.
A tree root enlarges a crack in a rock as the root grows.
A crevice in a rock widens as water collected there repeatedly freezes and thaws.
Of the following, which is the best description of a covalent bond between two atoms?
Electrons are paired, resulting in magnetic attraction.
Electrons move freely around the nuclei of the atoms.
Valence electrons are transferred from one atom to the other.
A pair of valence electrons is shared between the atoms.
To engage students in a discussion about distinguishing between living and nonliving things, a teacher presents the image shown of a bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria. Which of the following questions should the teacher ask to best help facilitate the discussion?
Is the bacteriophage smaller than a bacterium?
What are the four types of base pairs in DNA?
How does the bacteriophage reproduce?
What is the function of the tail fibers?
Which of the following elements is often used in integrated circuits (microchips)?
Neon
Silicon
Calcium
Sodium
Which statement best describes the general direction of movement of weather systems affecting the continental United States?
Most weather systems do not move in a particular pattern.
Most weather systems move from south to north.
Most weather systems move from east to west.
Most weather systems move from west to east.
A student claims that all metals are attracted to magnets. To refute the claim, another student places an object made of copper near the bar magnet. The students observe that the copper object is not attracted to the bar magnet. Which of the following statements bests explains the observation?
The copper object does not form a north pole and a south pole.
The copper object and the bar magnet both have north poles that repel each other.
Neither the bar magnet nor the copper object is connected to a battery.
The bar magnet is not made of a metal, but the copper object is made of metal.
The loud chirping noises made by crickets serve as the primary means by which crickets
maintain the correct rate of oxygen intake
locate food sources
control their metabolic rate
attract mates
When the Sun, the Moon, and Earth are aligned as shown in the figure, which of the following could probably be observed at point X on Earth? (Note: figure is not drawn to scale.)
The Moon passing through Earth's shadow
A solar eclipse
The Moon in its full phase
The Sun setting below the horizon
Based on its position on the periodic table, which of the following elements is most likely to have luster and malleability?
Cs
Se
Si
Xe
Which of the following biomes is characterized by cold temperatures, a short growing season, low annual precipitation, and sparse, low-growing vegetation?
Desert
Grassland
Tundra
Temperate forest
Which of the following student responses to a question about the overall topography of the ocean floor is most accurate?
The bottom of the ocean is like a sandy desert, with dunes formed by currents instead of wind.
The ocean floor is covered with mountains, but only some of the mountaintops are above sea level.
The ocean floor has features that are similar to features on land, such as mountains, plains, and canyons.
The ocean is shaped like a bowl, with sides that curve down to the deepest part at the center.
An emergency vehicle, blowing its siren, approaches a stationary observer and then passes and moves away. Which of the following is true of the frequency of the sound of the siren heard by the stationary observer as compared with that heard by the driver?
Approaching. Moving Away
Higher The same
Higher. Lower
Lower. Higher
The same. Lower
Scientific disciplines obtain knowledge through collecting and analyzing empirical evidence. Which of the following student learning experiences best illustrates this process?
Students build a model of a human heart to demonstrate how blood flows in and out of the heart during exercise.
Students design and build a vehicle that transforms potential energy into kinetic energy for motion, using repurposed and recycled materials.
Students research the process of photosynthesis, create a poster illustrating the steps of photosynthesis, and present their findings in a presentation to the rest of the class.
Students plan and perform an investigation in which they measure the mass and volume of unknown materials kept at the same temperature to determine and compare the materials' densities.
The incomplete portion of the double-stranded fragment of DNA represented in the diagram has the base sequence:
5′−GGTAC−3′
5′−CCATG−3′
5′−GGATC−3′
5′−CATGG−3′
Volcanic island arcs like the Aleutian Islands in the northern Pacific Ocean are formed along which of the following?
A divergent boundary
A transform boundary
A convergent boundary
A hot spot
A mixture of 7g of iron filings and 4g of sulfur is heated in a test tube until the entire mixture glows bright red. After cooling, the test tube and contents are weighed. The empty tube weighs 17g. Assuming that no atmospheric gases were involved in the reaction, the total mass of the test tube and its contents should be approximately
6 g
17 g
27 g
28 g
A drop of water containing green plant cells and a type of bacterium that is attracted to oxygen is placed on a glass slide, and the drop is sealed with a coverslip having grease around the edges. When the slide is illuminated, a process will occur in which of the following plant cell structures that will cause the bacteria to move toward the plant cells?
Nucleus
Central vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
Which of the following resources will best facilitate student understanding of the characteristics of stars at different stages in their life cycles?
A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
A periodic table of the elements
The absorption spectrum of hydrogen
A diagram of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum
The demonstration illustrated in the diagram can be used to facilitate student understanding of aspects of which TWO of the following topics?
The absorption, transmission, and reflection of waves through various materials
The cycling of matter and flow of energy in ecosystems
The formation of deep-ocean currents
The pattern of hemispheric-scale atmospheric circulation
Plants that are typically pollinated by moths most likely have which of the following features?
The ability to store water
Red tubular flowers
Flowers that open at night
Large edible fruit
The use of which THREE of the following fuels to produce electricity contributes significantly to global climate change?
Coal
Oil
Natural gas
Uranium
A student pours a sample of a saturated aqueous solution of a salt into a test tube and seals the tube. There is an air space above the liquid, and there are no undissolved solids in the tube. When the temperature of the tube is lowered, some solid appears in the tube. What is the most reasonable explanation for this occurrence?
The evaporation rate of water increases as the temperature decreases.
The evaporation rate of water decreases as the temperature decreases.
The amount of salt that needs to be dissolved to make a saturated solution increases as the temperature decreases.
The amount of salt that needs to be dissolved to make a saturated solution decreases as the temperature decreases.
A student accidentally touches a hot plate and immediately withdraws his or her hand. The nerve impulse follows which of the following pathways to produce the almost instantaneous response?
Motor neuron → spinal cord → sensory neuron → muscle
Motor neuron → muscle → sensory neuron → sensory receptor
Sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → muscle
Sensory neuron → spinal cord → muscle → motor neuron
Which of the following factors plays the greatest role in determining the climate of a given location?
Average wind velocity
Deep-ocean circulation
Latitude
Longitude
Lymphocytes have which of the following functions in the human body?
They carry oxygen to other cells.
They form blood clots.
They defend the body from foreign substances.
They are enzymes involved in metabolism.
The presence of which of the following features on Mars would best support the claim that there was once flowing water on the surface of Mars?
Sand dunes and deserts
Meandering stream patterns composed of sediment
Basaltic igneous rocks
A plateau with several large volcanoes
Which of the following household chemicals is most likely to be effective at neutralizing a base?
Ammonia
Table salt
Vegetable oil
Vinegar
A group of students measured the boiling point of three different samples of pure water. Each measurement was made by a different student using the same thermometer. Their measurements were 94°C, 99°C, and 104°C. Which of the following most likely accounts for the discrepancy in the measurements?
The markings on the thermometer are not accurate.
The students misread the markings on the thermometer.
Three different hot plates were used to heat the water samples.
The water samples were heated for different lengths of time
The process of DNA replication typically results in the formation of _____.
a complementary RNA molecule
a protein
a ribosome
two identical DNA molecules
Which of the following phenomena are primarily responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon?
Clusters of earthquakes
Flooding and deposition
Uplift and erosion
Glaciation and glacial retreat
A student speaking in the hallway outside a classroom can be clearly heard by students in the classroom but cannot be seen through the open door of the classroom. Which of the following best explains why?
Air ducts carry the sound throughout the entire building.
Sound spreads in all directions as it leaves its source, but light does not.
Sound can travel through walls, but not light cannot.
Sound waves can bend enough to pass around the edges of the door, but light waves cannot.
Transport of water and inorganic nutrients in vascular plants from the roots to the shoots occurs in which of the following?
Xylem
Phloem
Central vacuole
Pith
The Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed location in the oceans. The Challenger Deep is most likely associated with which of the following ocean features?
Trench
Atoll
Seamount
Abyssal plain
Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum and copper chloride?
Al+3CuCl2→2AlCl3+Cu
2Al+3CuCl2→2AlCl3+3Cu
3Al+CuCl2→AlCl3+2Cu
3Al+2CuCl2→3AlCl3+2Cu
Dodders, vines with a string-like appearance, produce little to no chlorophyll to support photosynthesis. Instead, dodders obtain nutrients primarily by producing structures that penetrate into the vascular systems of other living plants. The plants penetrated by the dodders become weakened and more susceptible to diseases. Based on the information presented, the interaction between dodders and other plants best illustrates which of the following types of interspecific relationships?
Parasitism
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Which of the following objects exerts the greatest gravitational force on another object located 5 million kilometers away?
a star
a moon
a planet
a meteor
Students were asked to predict the outcome of mitosis in a body cell with 36 chromosomes. Which of the following student predictions is correct?
Number of Daughter Cells. Number of Chromosomes
4; 9
4; 36
2; 36
2; 18
Which of the following most accurately describes the direction in which all rivers flow?
From north to south
From higher elevations to lower elevations
From areas of greater air pressure to areas of lower air pressure
From areas with dense vegetation to areas with sparse vegetation
Br2, a red-brown liquid at 20°C, is classified as ____.
an element
a compound
a salt
a solution
A certain species of plant has bright red flowers. Which of the following most likely explains why the red color is considered an adaptation of the plant?
The plant is pollinated by hummingbirds, which can see red very well.
The red color protects the plant from parasitic insects.
Producing red flowers requires less energy expenditure than producing white flowers.
Red pigments in the flower petals absorb light needed for photosynthesis by the leaves.
Instruments at a school weather station include an anemometer, a barometer, and a hygrometer. Which of the following indicates what is measured by the instruments?
Anemometer Barometer Hygrometer
Air pressure Humidity Wind speed
Humidity Wind speed Air pressure
Wind speed Air pressure Humidity
Wind speed Humidity Air pressure
A teacher uses an activity that focuses on the design of a facility that makes fuels to generate energy using carbon dioxide captured directly from the atmosphere. The students are asked to determine if the area of land needed to build the facility is an engineering design criterion or a constraint. Which of the following student statements provides the best determination and explanation?
It is a criterion because this is a goal for any engineering design plan.
It is a criterion because building the facility could reduce the amount of land used for agriculture.
It is a constraint because it could limit the size of the facility and, therefore, the amount of carbon dioxide captured.
It is a constraint because the facility might be located in a rural area where no carbon dioxide is released.
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6HO2
A student models aerobic cellular respiration by writing the net chemical equation shown. Which of the following modifications to the equation would best help improve the model?
Adding "energy" to the product side
Reversing the direction of the arrow
Adding "solar energy" to the reactant side
Switching the positions of O2 and CO2
Which of the following statements about the oldest fossils on Earth is correct?
They are less than 10,000 years old.
They are the remains of the first mollusk species.
They are much larger than the fossils of their ancestors.
They are found in rock that is over 3 billion years old.
The presence of which of the following cellular structures distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
DNA
Ribosomes
A cell wall
A nuclear envelope
Which of the following, in order of occurrence, lists the stages of the life cycle of a star that has approximately the same mass as the Sun?
Main sequence, red giant, white dwarf
Main sequence, white dwarf, red giant
White dwarf, main sequence, red giant
Red giant, main sequence, white dwarf
Which of the following best explains why a rubber raft that is slightly underinflated with air when in the shade is observed to be more fully inflated when placed in sunlight?
The rubber becomes more porous and allows more air to enter the raft.
The rubber softens and collapses, causing the air inside the raft to become denser.
The temperature of the air inside the raft increases, causing the pressure of the air to increase.
The molecules of air inside the raft absorb energy from the Sun, causing them to increase in size.
Grass → grasshopper → frog → snake
A teacher provides students in a class with the food chain shown. One student makes a claim that the grass makes energy because it come first in the food chain. Select the appropriate words from the drop-down menus to complete the following sentence to help the student move toward a better understanding of food chains.
The grass gets energy from (i) _______ , and the energy is used by the grass to make(ii) ______ .
oxygen; water
pollen; carbon dioxide
sunlight; organic compounds
oxygen; carbon dioxide
A teacher provides students with unlabeled mineral samples, and the students are told that one is galena and one is hematite. The students are also given a mineral identification chart. The relevant portion of the chart is shown. Based on the chart, which of the following tools should the students use to distinguish between the samples of galena and hematite?
A bar magnet
A copper penny, a glass plate, and a steel nail
A graduated cylinder and a balance
A white unglazed porcelain plate
Which of the following is an example of an object moving with constant speed? (Assume that air resistance is negligible.)
A pendulum bob swinging back and forth
A cart freely gliding along a horizontal frictionless track
A ball falling to the ground
A block sliding down a frictionless ramp
Which of the following types of precipitation forms when water vapor changes directly from a gas to a solid in the atmosphere?
snow
sleet
hail
freezing rain
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
Glass shattering
Wood burning
Water boiling
Salt mixing with sugar
To determine the volume of a metal block, students measure the length of its sides using a metric ruler with one-millimeter markings. Based on the precision of the ruler, which of the following sets of student measurements is recorded with the correct number of significant figures?
1.245cm, 1.250cm, 4.995cm
1.25cm, 1.25cm, 5.00cm
1.2cm, 1.3cm, 5.0cm
1cm, 1cm, 5cm
A student placed 20 radish seeds on a damp paper towel in a petri dish and placed the dish under a fluorescent light. After 48 hours, all the seeds had germinated. In order for the student to draw a valid conclusion about the effect of water on seed germination, which of the following should also have been included in the investigation?
A second dish should have been placed in the dark.
A second dish should have been placed in a refrigerator.
A second dish with a dry, rather than damp, paper towel should have been used.
A second dish with a dry, rather than damp, paper towel should have been placed in direct sunlight on a windowsill.
Which of the following planets in the solar system takes the greatest number of Earth days to revolve around the Sun?
Mars
Neptune
Saturn
Venus
A teacher introduces a unit on genetics by showing the results of Mendel's experiments with pea plants. Which of the following statements represents a valid conclusion students can make based on Mendel's results?
Separate traits are passed independently from parents to offspring.
Traits on the same chromosome are always linked together.
Phenotypes of offspring are the result of a blending of the traits of the parents.
DNA of offspring is composed of alternating maternal and paternal sequences.
A teacher presents the diagram shown, which represents undeformed layers of sedimentary rock where fossil X is found several meters above fossil Y. Based on the diagram, which of the following student claims about the fossils best demonstrates a correct understanding of the principle of superposition?
Fossil X evolved from fossil Y.
Fossil X is more complex than fossil Y.
Fossil X is younger than fossil Y.
Fossil X is smaller than fossil Y.
Which of the following is an organic compound?
Copper sulfate
Iron oxide
Calcium chloride
Sucrose
Which of the following practices generally reduces the amount of soil erosion?
Logging
Growing crops in a previously empty field
Irrigating a field
Overgrazing
Proteins are composed of which of the following?
DNA
RNA
Carbohydrates
Amino acids
Which of the following best describes an epicenter?
The position on Earth's surface that lies directly above the point inside Earth where an earthquake originates
The point inside Earth where an earthquake originates
A fracture or break inside Earth's crust
A large slab of rock that moves around in the lithosphere
Sound travels at 1.5×103m/s in seawater. If a whale produces a sound, approximately how long will it take for the sound to reach another whale that is 3.0×107m away?
5.0×10−5s
1.5s
2.0×104s
4.5×10s
Zn→Zn2++2e−
Which of the following processes is represented by the equation shown?
Oxidation
Reduction
Decomposition
Precipitation
Which of the following conditions would most likely be associated with the passage of a cold front?
A sharp increase in temperature
A steady rise in barometric pressure, followed by a sudden, sharp drop in pressure
Fair weather and cumulus clouds with a lifetime of less than an hour
Gusty winds and cumulonimbus clouds that produce heavy rain
Which of the following is the best example of the application of biotechnology to reduce a local environmental problem?
Genetically modifying a food crop to require fewer pesticides
Building an electric vehicle to reduce air pollution
Monitoring the population of an endangered species using computer chip
Using recycled plastic to build picnic tables
Which kingdom would an organism belong to if it were a eukaryotic multicellular heterotroph with chitin in its cell walls?
Plantae
Animalia
Protista
Fungi
A sample of water that is initially ice at -10C is heated at a constant rate until it is transformed into water vapor at 110C. Which of the following graphs best represents the change in temperature of the sample over time?
A book is at rest on a tabletop. A teacher asks students to sketch the forces exerted on the book. Which of the following student diagrams best depicts all the forces exerted on the book?
The graph represents the motion of a car on a flat, straight highway. Based on the graph, the magnitude of the car's acceleration is greatest during which of the following intervals?
0-5 minutes
5-25 minutes
25-30 minutes
30-55 minutes
Police investigators collected a hair sample (H) from an unknown individual at a crime scene and later took DNA samples for comparion from four individual suspects (S1, S2, S3, S4). Based on the DNA analysis of the five samples, the unknown hair sample most likely came from which of the following suspects?
S1
S2
S3
S4
The pie chart shows the persent contribution by mass for the categories of solid municipal waste in the US in a certain year. In that year, each person produced an average of 2.0 kg of waste. Based on the information, if all yard trimmings and food waste are composed, the amount of waste going to a landfill is reduced by ____.
0.29 kg
0.58 kg
1.4 kg
2.9 kg
A teacher provides students with unlabeled mineral samples, and the students are told that one is galena and one is hematite. The students are also given a mineral identification chart. The relevant portion of the chart is shown. Based on the chart, which of the following tools should the students use to distinguish between the samples of galena and hematite?
a bar magnet
a copper penny, a glass plate, and a steel nail
a graduated cylinder and a balance
a white unglazed porcelain plate
Students use a simuation to investigate the kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 0.2 kg. The speed of the ball is varied, and the simulation calculates the kinetic energy. The results of the investigation are shown in the table. Based on the data, which of the following describes the relationship between the speed of the ball and its kinetic energy? (Assume that air is negligible).
The kinetic energy of the ball is directly proportional to one-half its speed.
The kinetic energy of the ball is directly proportional to its speed.
The kinetic energy of the ball is directly proportional to its speed squared.
There is no relationship between the kinetic energy of the ball and its speed.
Based on the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the following pairs of species are most closely related?
D and F
B and C
C and D
A and F
Four experiments were done with a metal wire. In each experiment, the resistance of the wire at a low and high temperature was measured more than once. Which experiment gives the strongest evidence that resistance increases as temperature increases?
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Experiment 4
The species diversity is a measure of both the species richness and the relative abundance of each species present. Considering only tree species, which of the forests listed in the table is the most dense? (Assume that the total number of trees in each forest is the same).
Forest A
Forest B
Forest C
Forest D
The American badger, Taxidea taxus, is a mammal with 16 chromosomes in its sex cells. The badger's body cells must have a total of ____.
8 chromosomes
16 chromosomes
32 chromosomes
64 chromosomes
A teacher asks students to identify the number of neutrons in an atom of 19/9F, the only stable isotope of fluorine. Which of the following best represents the misconception held by a student who claims that there are 9 neutrons in an atom of 19/9F.
Number of neutrons = atomic number + mass number
Number of neutrons = atomic number
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
Number of neutrons = 2 x atomic mass
Fossil A is several layers above fossil B in a series of undisturbed sedimentary layers. Paleontologists use which of the following principles to determine that fossil A is younger than fossil B?
Superposition
Uniformitarianism
Natural selection
Uncertainty principle
During a lesson on electrostatics, a teacher demonstrates two balloons repelling each other. Which TWO of the following claims are possibly true about the charges on each balloon?
One balloon is positively charged, and the other is negatively charged.
Both balloons are positively charged.
Both balloons are negatively charged.
Both balloons are neutral.
The structure of DNA molecule is most similar to which of the following?
A twisted ladder
An apple sliced in half
A leafy tree
A rectangular box without a lid
Which of the following instructional goals would be an investigation in which students collect data on the color, hardness, luster, and streak of different minerals best address?
Describing the processes of the rock cycle
Identifying minerals based on their different properties
Outlining the mineral composition of Earth's crust
Identifying rocks as either sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic
Newton's second law of motion is concerned with which of the following quantities?
Velocity and mass
Acceleration and time
Force, velocity, and time
Force, acceleration, and mass
Which of the following correctly pairs the specialized cell with its primary function in the body.
Nerve cell - Transports oxygen in the blood
Red blood cell - Builds new bone tissue
Skeletal muscle cell - Enables movement by contracting and relaxing
Skin cell - Transmits electrical information to the brain
Aluminum reacts with oxygen to form a white solid. Which of the following best describes the solid?
It is an alloy
It is a compound
It is an element
It is heterogeneous mixture of elements
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are examples of _____.
biomass
fossil fuels
carbohydrates
renewable resources
Which of the following documentary topics will best facilitate a discussion on artificial selection?
The history of the five most-popular domestic dog breeds in the country
The mapping of the genomes of the birds of Galapagos Islands
The advances in current gene therapies for human deseases
The global effect of climate change on marine organisms
Which of the following properties of light determines the color of an opaque object?
Refraction
Polarization
Transmission
Reflection
An oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continental plate because oceanic plates are ____.
denser than continental plates are
smaller than continental plates are
older than continental plates are
thinner than continental plates are
Students use a pan, water, and dark-colored vegetable oil to model an oceanic oil spill. They have different tools to remove as much oil from their pans of water as possible. The tools represent three common methods that environmental engineers typically use for cleaning up an oil spill: skimming, absorbing, and dispersing. Which THREE of the following learning goals are met by this activity?
Students can provide solutions to prevent a future oil spill.
Students can describe how each method is used to clean up an oil spill.
Students can discuss the effectiveness of each method.
Students can organize and analyze data collected from the activity
Which of the following equations represents a combustion reaction?
2 O3 -> 3 O2
H2SO4 + 2NaOH
-> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O
2HCl + Fe -> FeCl2 + H2
C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O
At point A on the cooling curve, H2O is in the liquid phase. Based on the cooling curve, which of the following statements is true?
Heat is being absorbed by the H2O during the intervals A - B and C - D.
The volume of the H2O is decreasing during the interval B - C.
The H2O is in the process of sublimating during the interval A - B.
The H2O is in the process of freezing during the inteval B - C.
A student argues that all genetic mutations are harmful to organisms. Which TWO of the following pieces of evidence would best challenge the student's argument?
A mutation that results in the same protein as the original gene, resulting in the same trait
A mutation that causes damage to the eye, resulting in blindness
A mutation that causes a buildup of excess mucus, blocking airways and the digestive tract
A mutation that increases bone density, making bones resistant to breaks and degeneration
Which of the following is a true statement about tornadoes?
They typically form along weather fronts
They usually form over warm water
They often cause severe flooding
They occur most frequently in the winter
Students often mistakenly classify parasites as predators because both depend on other organisms for food. However, parasites slowly feed off their hosts. Which of the following questions about a predator would help students understand the difference between a predator and a parasite?
What size is the predator as compared to its prey?
How does a predator get nutrients from its prey?
Where are the predators' primary prey located?
During what season do most prey animals give birth?
An experiment on squirrel food sources was conducted. Data on three nut types, which are all approximately the same size without the shells, are shown in the table. Which of the following statements is consistent with the data?
Nut type 2 is denser than types 1 or 3.
Nut type 2 is the most efficient source of energy.
Nut type 2 is more abudant than type 1 or 3.
Nut type 2 is most attractive to squirrels.
During a total solar eclipse, when the Moon completely covers the disk of the Sun, which of the following can most easily be seen?
Core
Photosphere
Sunspots
Corona
Students use a simulation to investigate how a frog population might change in response to environmental changes. The frogs in the population have either a green coloration or a brown coloration, and they rely on their coloration to avoid detection by predators. During the simulation, the color of the frogs' surroundings changes over many years from brown to green. Which of the following statements best predicts how the frog population will change over several generations in response to the environmental changes?
The frequency of green frogs will increase
The frequency of green frogs will decrease
The frequency of brown frogs will increase
The frequency of brown frogs will stay the same
A 4.0 kg piece of metal absorbs 64.0 kJ of heat, increasing in temperature from 20C to 100C. How much heat is needed to increase the temperature of a 2.0 kg piece of this same metal from 20C to 100C?
128 kJ
64 kJ
32 kJ
16 kJ
During a lesson on cellular organelles, a student claims that plant cells have chloroplasts but do not contain mitochondria. What does the misconception suggest?
Plant cells carry out mitosis but not meiosis.
Plant cells carry out fermentation but not photosynthesis.
Plant cells carry out photosynthesis but not cellular respiration.
Plant cells carry out passive transport but not active transport.
A highly productive, diverse, and partially enclosed coastal area that contains ocean water mixed with freshwater supplied by rivers is known as ____.
an estuary
a continental shelf
an atoll
an abyssal plain
A sample of material was collected from the surface of a pond. Which of the following characteristics will most clearly suggest that the material is alive?
The material is composed of dividing cells.
The material contains water and minerals.
The material is green in color.
The material includes a radioactive isotope of carbon.
Evidence supporting the big bang theory of the origin of the universe includes which of the following?
Retrograde motion of planets.
Cosmic microwave background radiation.
Highly elliptical orbits of comets.
Production of energy by the Sun through nuclear fusion in its core
Which of the following best represents the energy flow among the organisms of a community that includes autotrophs, heterotrophs, omnivores, and carnivores?
An energy pyramid
A food chain
A food web
A nutrient cycle
Which of the following student statements best defines the process of condensation in the water cycle?
Liquid water changes to water vapor.
Water vapor escapes the leaves of plants.
Ice changes directly to water vapor.
Water vapor changes to liquid water.
A student performed an experiment to determine the effect of temperature and light on the feeding behavior of Daphnia magna. The student placed 25 Daphnia in each of two identical glass bowls and then placed one bowl in a sunny, warm window and the other in a cooler, dark closet. The student measured the amount of food consumed in one week. Which of the following is the major flaw in this experiment?
Each Daphnia should have its own bowl.
The length of the experiment is too long.
There are too many independent variables.
The sample size is too large.
A car traveling along a straight, level road at 10 m/s uniformly increases its speed to 25 m/s in 3 s. What is the magnitude of acceleration of the car?
3 m/s^2
5 m/s^2
10 m/s^2
15 m/s^2
If a sample that initially contained 100g of a radioactive isotope that has a half-life of 2 days, how much of the isotope remains after 6 days?
25 g
12.5 g
6 g
30 g
What entropy changes occur when a substance changes from a liquid to gas?
Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
First deceases and later increases
What will happen to the PH of aqueous solution of HCl when a base NaOH is added?
PH < 7
PH > 7
PH = 7
PH = 0
If a sample of gas is heated at a constant volume, what will happen to the pressure of gas?
It will increase
It will decrease
It won't change
It will be ustable
What phase changes require the input of energy? Mark all that apply.
Solid to liquid
Liquid to gas
Solid to gas
Liquid to solid
How much energy is needed to heat 100 g of water at 20 C to 30 C?5
5.01 kJ
4.18 kJ
22 kJ
410 kJ
How many oxygen atoms are in 3 moles of CO2?
5.2 x 10^23
12.4 x 10^24
3.61 x 10^24
4.18 x 10^24
If the distance between two masses is doubled, what happens to the gravitational force between two masses?
1/2
1/2
1/4
x2
If the distance between two charges is halved, what happens to the electrostatic force between two charges?
2 times the initial
4 times the initial
1/2 times the initial
1/4 times the initial
What is the current flowing through a 10 Ohm resistor that is connected in series to a 50V source?
10 A
2 A
500 A
5 A
If the speed of an object is doubled by what factor does its kinetic energy change?
4 times more
2 times more
1/2 times more
1/4 times more
What variables affect the period of a pendulum? Choose all that apply.
Volume
Mass
Length
Angular Displacement
What makes a hypothesis?
a statement that summarizes the relationship between variables
a comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature supported by facts gathered over time
a predictable outcome that can be repeated
a controlled method of testing a hypothesis
If 1 milimeter = 1 million years, how many centimeters are in 65 million years?
6.5 mm
65 x 10^3
65 cm
6.5 cm
In the Ideal gas law if pressure increases what happens to volume and temperature?
Volume decreases and temperature decreases
Volume descreases and temperature increases
Volume increases and temperature decreases
Volume increases and temperature increases
What is the best conductor of an electrical charge?
acid water
rubber
wood
paper
What type of reaction is this?
Endothermic
Exothermic
Balanced
Constant
What is the correct way to add an acid to a water?
Slowly add acid to the water and keep stirring it.
Slowly add water to acid.
Neutralize the acid before adding it to the water.
Never mix acid with water.
Blood is a buffer, that does what?
Maintain oxygen level
Helps produce proteins
Helps to maintain PH between 7.35 - 7.45
Controls CO2 level
Which one has the greatest current?
2 Vols and 3 Ohms
3 Vots and 2 Ohms
2 Volts and 4 Ohms
4 Volts and 2 Ohms
When you rub a piece of iron along a magnet, what will take place?
nothing will change
the north-seeking poles of the atoms in the iron line up in the same direction
the north and south poles are lined up
magnetization is not possible with iron
Which wavelength emits the most energy?
X-rays
Radio waves
Infrared waves
UV waves
What do a plant cell and green algae have in common?
Seeds
Roots
Chloroplast
Vascular system
What does the following reaction show: 6H20+6CO2->C6H12O6 + 6O2?
Fermentation
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Combustion
What does the following reaction show: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
Lactic Acid reaction
What is true about photosynthesis? Choose all that apply.
Water is oxidized
CO2 is reduced
Oxygen is reduced
C6H12O6 is oxidized
What layer is comprised of molten iron?
inner core
outer core
crust
mantle
If sunlight evaporates ocean water, what happens?
Salt levels decrease and air temperature increases
Salt levels increase and air temperature decreases
Salt levels increase and air temperature increases
Salt levels decrease and air temperature decreases
How do weather patterns travel?
West to East
East to West
North to South
South to North
Weather that has a center with very high pressure?
Tropical Depression
Hurricane
Tropical storm
Anticyclone
A gas powered car uses the brakes. What type of energy is released?
Chemical Energy
Thermal energy
Mechanical Energy
Nuclear Energy
If a metal feels colder to the touch than wood, what does this suggest?
Metal has higher thermal conductivity than wood, therefore heat transfers to your hands faster
Metal stays cooler than wood
Your hands will transfer cooler temperature to metal
Wood feels warmer due to its higher conductivity
Where are nutrients and food stored in bacteria?
Cell wall
Ribosome
cytoplasmic inclusions
mycellium
If the temperature is 25 celsius, the relative humidity is 90%. What is the dew point?
0 C
23 C
above 25 C
10C
How is a natural cave formed?
by the dissolution of limestone or lva tubes
by multiple layers of snow accumulation
by plate subduction
by seamounts
What biome has fires, droughts, cold winters, and temperate summers?
Tundra
Tropical forest
Grassland
Taiga
Mountains have formed. What would most likely show evidence that glaciers where there?
snowcaps on mountains
river in between mountains
rigged and steep mountain tops
u-shaped valley between mountains
What is directly affected by the sun. Choose THREE.
Convection currents
Gulf Sream
Water Cycle
Volcano Eruption
Why does a desert fox have large ears?
They help them radiate heat resulting in the cooling of the body
They help them attract mates
They help them find food and listen for predators ready to attack
They help them keep balance
What are the similarities between analog and dialog signals? Choose all that apply.
frequency and amplitude
convey a variety of information
electric signals
are represented by square waves
What role does a stem play in plants? Choose all that apply.
transportation of nutrients and water
tissue repair
plant support
location for leaves to grow
What is the evidence for the Plate Tectonics theory? Choose all that apply.
Fossils
Plates look like puzzle pieces that fit together
Glaciers
Continental shelves
Choose the element that is hard but not very reactive.
Na (Sodium)
Pt (Platinum)
Sc (Scandium)
Fe (Iron)
