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Benchmark 1 review semi

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This is the stage of the cell cycle responsible for nuclear division.

a)

Gap 1

b)

Interphase

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Mitosis

2.

The phase responsible for cell growth and normal cell functions.

a)

Gap 1

b)

Synthesis

c)

Gap 2

d)

Mitosis

3.

Which of the following has the fastest rate of cell division?

a)

skin

b)

brain

c)

blood

4.

Why are cells so small?

a)

large ratio of surface area to volume

b)

'cuz mama said

c)

They don't eat enough vegetables

d)

They don't drink enough milk

5.

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form, and nuclear envelope disappears

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

6.

Sister chromatids are pulled away from each other to opposite ends of the cell

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

7.

Spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes unwind, nuclear envelope appears

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

8.

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

9.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
a)
To increase the surface area of a cell
b)
To allow cells to divide for growth, repair, and renewal
c)
For increasing genetic variation within a species
d)
To allow for DNA replication and protein synthesis
10.
Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2, S, G1, M. 
a)
G1, S, G2, M
b)
S, G1, G2, M
c)
G1, M, G2, S
d)
M, G1, S, G2
11.

During the "s" phase of the cell cycle, DNA is duplicated. Why is this important?

a)

Allows for each daughter cell to be genetically DIFFERENT.

b)

Allows for each daughter cell to be genetically IDENTICAL

c)

Allows for each daughter cell to have 2X the amount of DNA as the parent cell.

d)

Allows for each daughter cell to have half the amount of DNA as the parent cell

12.

The structure labeled A is a(n)_________ used to hold sister chromatids together.

a)

chromatid

b)

centriole

c)

centromere

d)

chromophere

13.

The structures labeled B are_________, held together by a centromere.

a)

sister chromatid

b)

centriole

c)

centromere

d)

chromophere

14.

In a human diploid (2n) cell containing 46 chromosomes, mitosis results in the formation of two diploid daughter cells containing ____ chromosomes.

a)

92

b)

23

c)

46

d)

0

15.

What is cancer?

a)

A group of diseases characterized by no cell growth

b)

A group of diseases caused by the failure of chromosomes to separate

c)

A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division

d)

A group of diseases caused by excessive replication of chromosomes

16.

Which cell cycle checkpoint verifies cell size and checks the DNA for damage?

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

S checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

d)

M checkpoint

17.

Which cell cycle checkpoint makes sure that chromosomes are duplicated and checks for damage of the replicated DNA?

a)

G1 checkpoint

b)

S checkpoint

c)

G2 checkpoint

d)

M checkpoint

18.

Which of the following is a true statement?

a)

Benign tumors have cells that have broken away from the main tumor.

b)

Malignant tumors have cells that have broken away from the main tumor.

c)

Malignant tumors consist of cells that have stayed together.

d)

Benign tumors spread through the blood and lymph to other organs

19.

Apoptosis is

a)

the process of programmed cell death

b)

the process of programmed cell growth

c)

the process of programmed cell birth

d)

the process of programmed cell regulation

20.

A substance that is known to cause cancer is called a

a)

carcinogen

b)

retrovirus

c)

pathogen

d)

paramecium

21.
Non-cancerous tumors are called _____. Cancerous tumors are called _____.
a)
metastatic ; malignant
b)
malignant ; benign
c)
benign ; malignant
d)
benign ; metastatic
22.

Which of the following is NOT a somatic cell?

a)

sperm

b)

skin cell

c)

blood cell

d)

bone cell

23.

When the cells of a zygote change during development to serve a specific function. For example, they become skin cells, nerve cells, etc.

a)

fertilization

b)

evolution

c)

differentiation

24.

If an animal's body cells have 30 chromosomes, how many cam from each parent?

a)

6

b)

10

c)

15

d)

30

25.

Reproduction of gametes/sex cells/egg and sperm is

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

26.

THE END RESULT OF MEIOSIS IS...

a)

FOUR UNIDENTICAL GAMETES

b)

FOUR IDENTICAL GAMETES

c)

TWO IDENTICAL GAMETES

d)

TWO UNIDENTICAL GAMETES

27.

MEIOSIS IS NEEDED BECAUSE...

a)

IT ACTUALLY ISN'T, BUT CAN BE HELPFUL IN SOME ORGANISMS

b)

TO REDUCE THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER BY HALF

c)

SO THAT EVERY CELL IS EXACTLY IDENTICAL

d)

TO MAKE SURE EVERY HUMAN CELL HAS 92 CHROMOSOMES

28.

CROSSING OVER ALLOWS FOR WHAT TO HAPPEN?

a)

ALL CELLS TO STAY THE SAME

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMES

d)

CHROMOSOME NUMBER TO INCREASE

29.

WHEN THE SPERM FERTILIZES THE EGG WHAT IS FORMED

a)

ZYGOTE

b)

EMBRYO

c)

FETUS

d)

FERTILIZATION

30.

Explain the karyotype of this individual

a)

Male - no genetic defect

b)

Male - Down's Syndrome

c)

Female - no genetic defect

d)

Female - Down's Syndrome

31.

Undergoes DNA replication during interphase

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

Both

32.

Divides once

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

Both

33.

Makes Haploid cells

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

Both

34.

At the end, human cells would have 46 chromosomes

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

Both

35.

Results in these cells only having 23 chromosomes

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

Both

36.

Crossing over takes place during

a)

PROPHASE II

b)

PROPHASE I

c)

INTERPHASE

d)

METAPHASE I

37.

A male shark has a haploid number of 40. What would its 2n number be?

a)

20

b)

40

c)

80

d)

160

38.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Metaphase II
b)
Telophase I
c)
Telophase II
d)
Metaphase I
39.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
40.
What phase is shown here?
a)
Telophase II
b)
Anaphase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Interphase I
41.
What phases is shown here?
a)
Prophase II
b)
Prophase I
c)
Anaphase II
d)
Interphase I
42.
Cellular respiration is the process by which 
a)
cells use oxygen to create energy from food
b)
plant cells create glucose
c)
cells grow and reproduce
d)
cells breakdown food without using oxygen
43.
Fermentation in muscle cells produces
a)
lactic acid
b)
glucose
c)
bacteria
d)
oxygen
44.
Fermentation is the process by which 
a)
cells break down food without using oxygen
b)
plant cells create glucose
c)
cells use oxygen to produce energy 
d)
cells grow and reproduce
45.
Why would plants be better able to survive in a world without animals than animals in a world without plants?
a)
plants can produce their own carbon dioxide and water for cellular respiration
b)
animals do not produce anything plants need
c)
plants already produce glucose needed for photosynthesis
d)
animals only make oxygen for plants so animals are not needed
46.
Cellular respiration takes place in
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)
the nucleus
d)
endoplasmic reticulum
47.
The reactants (raw materials) of photosynthesis are
a)
water and carbon dioxide 
b)
water and oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide and oxygen
d)
glucose and oxygen
48.
The products of photosynthesis are
a)
oxygen and glucose (food)
b)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
49.
What types of energy transformation occurs in photosynthesis?
a)
light energy is changed to chemical energy as food
b)
heat energy is transformed into light energy
c)
light energy is made into ATP
d)
chemical energy is changed into ATP
50.
The end products of cellular respiration are
a)
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
b)
ATP and light energy
c)
glucose and oxygen
d)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
51.
The picture best represents what important cell process?
a)
cellular respiration
b)
photosynthesis
c)
fermentation
d)
osmosis
52.
The raw materials (reactants) of cellular respiration are
a)
glucose (food) and oxygen
b)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
water and glucose
53.
The organism in which this process is taking place is
a)
eukaryotic because the cell has an organelle called the mitochondrion
b)
eukaryotic because the cell produces energy
c)
prokaryotic because the cell releases water and carbon dioxide
d)
prokaryotic because the cell has no cell wall
54.
Bacteria and yeast cells produce energy only through the process of
a)
fermentation
b)
cellular respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
lactic acid
55.
Fermentation is also known as
a)
anaerobic respiration
b)
aerobic respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
lactic acid
56.
potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant’s growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time?
a)
The plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind.
b)
The plant will die because it does not have oxygen for photosynthesis.
c)
The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
d)
The plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water.
57.
If your body needed to do anaerobic respiration what would be the side effect?
a)
extra energy
b)
lucid muscles
c)
build up of lactic acid
d)
Constant hunger
58.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
6CO2 + 6H2O --> 6O2 + C6H12O6
b)
6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 
c)
6O2 + 6H2O --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6
d)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 
59.

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

a)

synthesize glucose

b)

synthesize ATP

c)

synthesize light

d)

synthesize carbon dioxide

60.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
61.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Nucleus
d)
Vacuole
62.

How can energy from the sun be transferred to animals?

a)

The sun's energy is transformed into food by plants, animals eat plants as food so that they can transform that food into energy.

b)

Plants produced energy through photosynthesis, animals that eat that energy can produce food.

c)

Plants transformed energy of the sun into gases that animals can breath in to use as energy through respiration.

d)

Animals are able to use energy from the sun by eating the plants that provides energy for the animals.

63.

Please select who performs cellular respiration:

a)

Animals

b)

Both animals and plants

c)

plants

d)

All living organisms

64.
What is cellular respiration?
a)
the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP
b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
65.
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
a)
 Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
b)
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
d)
 Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
66.
Where does the light independent reaction take place?
a)
Matrix
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid membrane
d)
Cytoplasm
67.

The rate of photosynthesis can be influenced by...

a)

Temperature

b)

Carbon dioxide levels

c)

Light intensity

d)

Oxygen concentration

68.
What are the two products of the light reactions that are needed for the calvin cycle?
a)
NAD and NADPH
b)
NADP + and Glucose
c)
NADPH and ATP
d)
Oxygen and NADPH
69.

The place where the light reactions happen in the chloroplast..

a)

Stroma

b)

Grana

c)

Inner Membrane

d)

Thylakoid

70.

Autotrophs (producers) can perform photosynthesis because they have -

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Ribosomes

c)

A Nucleus

d)

Chloroplasts

71.

What is the name for the light-INDEPENDENT reaction of photosynthesis?

a)

Krebs Cycle

b)

Water Cycle

c)

Calvin Cycle

d)

Carbon Cycle

72.

The light-INDEPENDENT reactions produce (select all that apply)

a)

ADP

b)

NADP+

c)

Oxygen

d)

Sugar

73.

The light-DEPENDENT reactions produce (select all that apply)

a)

ATP

b)

NADPH

c)

Oxygen

d)

Sugar

74.

What is made during glycolysis? (select all that apply)

a)

pyruvic acid

b)

ATP

c)

oxygen

d)

carbodydrates

e)

water

75.

Which of the following are a part of cellular respiration? (select all that apply)

a)

glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

electron transport chain

d)

photosynthesis

e)

Calvin cycle

76.

Water is the end product of--

a)

glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

electron transport chain

d)

photosynthesis

e)

Calvin cycle

77.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
78.

Where does at the Krebs cycle take place?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Stroma

d)

Thylakoid

79.

Where does at the electron transport chain take place?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Stroma

d)

Thylakoid

80.
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule, 
a)
a substantial amount of energy is released
b)
an enzyme is formed
c)
energy is stored
d)
activation energy is increased
81.

What is the overall goal of ALL cellular transport?

a)

to make a gradient

b)

to maintain homeostasis

c)

to make the cells shrink

d)

to keep molecules where they are

82.

What characteristic does the cell membrane have that describes it's ability to let some things in and keep other things out of the cell?

a)

selectively permeable

b)

impermeable

c)

controlling

d)

fluid

83.

When water moves across the cell membrane, is energy used?

a)

Yes, it is active transport

b)

Yes, it is passive transport

c)

No, it is active transport

d)

No, it is passive transport

84.

In a hypotonic solution, water will

a)

go INTO the cell

b)

LEAVE the cell

c)

go IN and OUT of the cell

d)

stop moving

85.

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

a)

Facilitated Diffusion

b)

Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Protein Pump

86.

Which type of transport does NOT use vesicles and energy?

a)

Facilitated Diffusion

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

87.

Which type of transport does NOT use proteins?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Protein Pump

88.

The difference between passive and active transport is that active transport

a)

uses energy

b)

does not use energy

c)

goes from HIGH to LOW

d)

moves molecules randomly

89.

Which type of transport moves molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration?

a)

Active

b)

Passive

90.

What type of transport would use the structure shown in the picture?

a)

Facilitated Diffusion

b)

Diffusion

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Protein Pump

91.

What type of transport is this?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Protein Pump

92.

The majority of the cell membrane is made up of

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acids

93.

If you placed a cell into saltwater, water would move

a)

into the cell

b)

out of the cell

94.
When moving particles AGAINST their concentration gradient, this is called?
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
95.
My cells are in an Isotonic solution, and are in a constant internal environment.  What is this called?
a)
Homeostasis
b)
Respiration
c)
Evolution
d)
Diffusion
96.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
97.
A solute traveling DOWN its concentration gradient using a protein channel does this by ________ diffusion.
a)
Facilitated
b)
Active
c)
Osmosis
d)
Endocytosis
98.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
The water level will increase on the right side
b)
The water level will increase on the left side
c)
The water level on both sides will increase
d)
The water level on both sides will decrease
99.
Which way is the water moving in this cell?
a)
Water will move out of the cell
b)
Water will move into the cell
100.
Where is DNA stored in a cell? 
a)
Lysosomes
b)
Golgi Complex
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Nucleus
101.
This organelle helps plants keep their rigid structure. 
a)
Cell wall
b)
Cell membrane
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Nucleus
102.
This organelle turns the light energy into a simple sugar. 
a)
Mitochondria
b)
ER
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Nucleus
103.
This organelle makes proteins. 
a)
Cell membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Ribosome
d)
ER
104.
Using this image, what organelle is N?
a)
Centrioles
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Ribosome
105.
Identify letter K.
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
golgi apparatus
106.
Identify letter I.
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cell membrane
d)
cell wall
107.
Identify letter H.
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
golgi complex
d)
cytoplasm
108.
Identify letter B.
a)
golgi apparatus
b)
nucleus
c)
cell wall
d)
vacuole
109.
Identify letter G.
a)
Golgi apparatus
b)
ribosome
c)
cell wall
d)
ER
110.
Which organelle "packages" needed chemicals for the cell?
a)
Ribosome
b)
Lisosome
c)
Vesticle
d)
Golgi Apparatus
111.

What is the key role (function) of carbohydrates?

a)

energy storage

b)

immunity, muscles, structure for tissues, cell metabolism

c)

instant energy for cells and body functions

d)

genetic information (heredity)

112.

How how carbohydrates and lipids similar?

a)

both contain C, H, O, N, P and store energy

b)

both contain C, H, O, N and give energy

c)

both contain C, H, O, N, S and store energy

d)

both contain C, H, O and give energy

113.

The monomer for carbohydrates is a monosaccharide.

a)

True

b)

False

114.

Lipids key role (function ) is:

a)

immunity, chemical reactions in the body, cell metabolism, contract muscles, regulate other proteins

b)

store energy

c)

instant energy for cells/body

d)

heredity/genetic information

115.

What elements (monomers) make up a protein?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N

c)

C, H, O, N, P

116.

What is the smallest unit of a macromolecule?

a)

micromolecule

b)

glucose

c)

monomer

d)

polymer

117.

What elements (monomers) make up nucleic acids?

a)

C, H, O

b)

C, H, O, N, (S)

c)

C, H, O, N, P

118.

Match the protein with the correct picture.

a)
b)
c)
d)
119.

What is the key role (function) of a protein?

a)

instant energy for the cell/body

b)

hormones, buoyancy, forms cell membranes, insulation, energy storage

c)

growth, repair, and energy, immune system, enzymes

d)

store and transmit genetic information/heredity

120.

Identify the monosaccharide:

a)
b)
c)
121.

Identify the lipid:

a)
b)
c)
d)
122.

Identify the nucleic acid:

a)
b)
c)
d)
123.

Identify the key role of nucleic acids:

a)

instant energy

b)

hormone, buoyancy, forms cell membranes, insulation, energy storage

c)

transport hemoglobin, immunity,chemical reactions, regulate proteins, tissue structure

d)

store and transmit heredity, genetic information

124.

Carbohydrates have C, H, O. What is the ratio of elements?

a)

2:1:2

b)

1:3:1

c)

1:2:1

d)

3:1:3

125.

The monomer for a lipid is:

a)

monosaccharide

b)

fatty acid

c)

nucleotide

d)

amino acid

126.

The monomer for a nucleic acid is:

a)

fatty acid

b)

monosaccharide

c)

nucleotide

d)

amino acid

127.

The monomer for a protein is:

a)

amino acid

b)

fatty acid

c)

monosaccharide

d)

nucleotide

128.
Transcribe this strand:
AACATG
a)
TTGTAC
b)
AAGTAC
c)
UUGUAC
d)
CGTACGU
129.
What is transcription?
a)
When DNA is turned into RNA
b)
When RNA is turned into proteins
c)
When proteins are turned into DNA
d)
When proteins are turned in RNA
130.
What is the correct order?
a)
Transcription then Translation
b)
Translation then transcription
c)
Translation then replication
d)
Replication then Translation

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