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Unit 4

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the most important force in venous flow?

a)

The one-way flow due to valves

b)

The skeletal muscle pump

c)

Cardiac suction

d)

The pressure generated by the heart

e)

The thoracic (respiratory) pump

2.

  1. Allows only passage of water and small ions

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

3.

  1. Decreased stroke volume

a)

If blood pressure increases

b)

If blood pressure decreases

4.

  1. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

a)

Fluid moving into the capillary

b)

  1. Fluid moving out the capillary

5.

  1. Low blood volume/dehydration

a)

Fluid moving into the capillary

b)

  1. Fluid moving out the capillary

6.

  1. Contains small pores that allow small molecules (like glucose) and hormones to pass through).

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

7.

  1. Capillaries of the pituitary.

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

8.

  1. Capillaries of the heart

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

9.

  1. Large open slits through which cells could escape.

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

10.

  1. Capillaries of the heart

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

11.

  1. Capillaries in the bone marrow

a)

Continuous Capillaries

b)

Fenestrated Capillaries

c)

  1. Sinusoidal Capillaries

12.

Which of the following would decrease the velocity of blood flow?

a)

Increased viscosity

b)

Decreased vasomotor

c)

Increased preload

d)

Increased blood pressure

e)

Increased vessel radius

13.

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries?

a)

  1. Decreases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

b)

  1. Is the same as the total cross-sectional area of arteries and blood velocity is equal between arteries and capillaries.

c)

  1. Increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

d)

  1. Increases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

e)

  1. Decreases and causes the blood velocity to increase.

14.

The continual movement of fluid through interstitial spaces produces by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

a)

  1. Accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones.

b)

  1. Flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces.

c)

  1. Assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries.

d)

  1. Helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system.

15.

  1. Negative Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

a)

  1. Fluid moving into the capillary

b)

  1. Fluid moving out the capillary

16.

  1. Positive Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)

a)

  1. Fluid moving into the capillary

b)

  1. Fluid moving out the capillary

17.

  1. Low levels of ADP, AMP, and Adenosine

a)

  1. Vasoconstriction

b)

  1. Vasodilation

18.

  1. Presence of histamine

a)

  1. Vasoconstriction

b)

  1. Vasodilation

19.

  1. Decreased temperature

a)

  1. Vasoconstriction

b)

  1. Vasodilation

20.

  1. Increased CO2 level

a)

  1. Vasoconstriction

b)

  1. Vasodilation

21.

  1. Increased O2 level

a)

  1. Vasoconstriction

b)

  1. Vasodilation

22.

When a person rises quickly from a sitting position……

a)

  1. Venous return is decreased

b)

  1. The carotid baroreceptors become less active

c)

  1. Reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs.

d)

  1. Heart rate is reflexively elevated

23.

Which of the following statements regarding auto-regulation of local blood flow is true?

a)

  1. Contraction of precapillary sphincters will increase blood flow to a capillary bed.

b)

  1. Blood flow through capillaries is continuous.

c)

  1. Increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissue.

d)

  1. Increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of precapillary sphincters.

e)

  1. Tissue need for oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract.

24.

  1. Increased respiratory rate

a)

If blood pressure increases

b)

If blood pressure decreases

25.

  1. Widespread vasoconstriction of muscular arteries and arterioles.

a)

If blood pressure increases

b)

If blood pressure decreases

26.

  1. Increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

a)

If blood pressure increases

b)

If blood pressure decreases

27.

All of the following are true about fetal circulation except……

a)

  1. The ductus arteriosus and formen ovale shunt blood away from the pulmonary circulation.

b)

  1. Mixed oxygen blood is carried to the right atrium via the inferior vena cava.

c)

  1. The organ of nourishment and gas exchange for the fetus is the placenta.

d)

  1. The ductus venous carries oxygenated blood from the placenta.

e)

  1. Changes in fetal circulation occur just prior to birth to the ready for life outside the womb.

28.

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanges between the blood and interstitial fluids?

a)

  1. Breathing

b)

  1. External respiration

c)

  1. Cellular respiration

d)

  1. Pulmonary ventilation

e)

  1. Internal respiration

29.

What is the order in which air passes through?

a)

Trachea

b)

Primary & Secondary bronchus

c)

Bronchiole

d)

Terminal bronchiole

e)

Respiratory bronchiole

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
30.

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of….

a)

  1. Moist cuboidal epithelium

b)

  1. Simple squamous epithelium

c)

  1. Ciliated squamous epithelium

d)

  1. Pseudostratified ciliated columnam epithelium

e)

  1. Surfactant cells

31.

Tina is singing a song. At a certain point in the song, she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords. The sound that she produces is………

a)

Low pitched

b)

High pitched

c)

Soft

d)

Loud

32.

The expansion of the lungs during inspiration generates a pressure gradient causing air to flow into the lungs. This is an example of Boyle’s Law?

a)

True

b)

False

33.

Diaphragm

a)

Quiet Inspiration

b)

Quiet Expiration

c)

Forced Inspiration

d)

Forced Expiration

34.

External Intercostals

a)

Quiet Inspiration

b)

Quiet Expiration

c)

Forced Inspiration

d)

Forced Expiration

35.

Rectus Abdominus

a)

Quiet Inspiration

b)

Quiet Expiration

c)

Forced Inspiration

d)

Forced Expiration

36.

  1. Sternocleidomastoid

a)

Quiet Inspiration

b)

Quiet Expiration

c)

Forced Inspiration

d)

Forced Expiration

37.

  1. Internal intercostals

a)

Quiet Inspiration

b)

Quiet Expiration

c)

Forced Inspiration

d)

Forced Expiration

38.

  1. Formula for Inspiratory Reserve Volume: VC, TV, ERV, IRV



(a)  

39.

  1. A patient shows a reduced total lung capacity and a reduced vital capacity.

a)

Restrictive

b)

Obstructive

40.

  1. A patient shows a normal vital capacity and a FEV1/FVC ratio of 60%.

a)

Restrictive

b)

Obstructive

41.

  1. A patient shows increased residual volume and increased total lung capacity.

a)

Restrictive

b)

Obstructive

42.

  1. A patient shows a FEV1/FVC ratio of 90% and a reduced vital capacity.

a)

Restrictive

b)

Obstructive

43.

Which law states that the total atmospheric pressure is the same of the contributions of the individual gases?

a)

Henry

b)

Charles

c)

Boyle

d)

Dalton

e)

Newton

44.

Which of the following would slow down gas exchange between the blood and alveolar air?

a)

  1. An increase in membrane thickness

b)

  1. An increase in alveolar surface area

c)

  1. An increase in respiratory rate

d)

  1. A decrease in membrane thickness

e)

  1. A decrease in nitrogen solubility

45.

Conditions around metabolically active tissues do what to the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

a)

shift it right

b)

shift it left

c)

decrease the slope

d)

Increase the slope

46.

Low pH alters hemoglobin so that the oxygen bind less strongly to hemoglobin at low PO2. This increases the effective’s of….

a)

  1. Internal respiration

b)

  1. Acid-base balance

c)

  1. External respiration

d)

  1. Hemoglobin synthesis

e)

  1. Carbon dioxide transport

47.

The chloride shift occurs in order to…..

a)

  1. Transport bicarbonate ions out of gastric cells.

b)

  1. Pump hydrochloride acid out of gastric cells.

c)

  1. Produce carbonic acid

d)

  1. Produce salt for the cytosol of blood cells.

e)

  1. Force oxygen out of the blood and into tissues.

48.

The pontine respiratory neurons…..

a)

  1. Are located in the medulla oblongata in the brain.

b)

  1. Are active only during expiration.

c)

  1. Are active only during inspiration.

d)

  1. Is essential for respiratory rhythm.

e)

  1. Play a role in switching between inspiration and expiration.

49.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by ____ center(s).

a)

Ventral respiratory

b)

Expiratory

c)

Pneumotaxic

d)

DRG & VRG

e)

Apneustic

50.

Which of the following enzymes in an RBC breaks H2CO3 down to water and carbon dioxide?

a)

  1. Hemoglobinase

b)

  1. Carboxyhemoglobinase

c)

  1. Carbonicanhydrate

d)

  1. Bisphosphoglycerase

e)

  1. Carbaminoreductase

51.

  1. Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart.

a)

If carbon dioxide levels increase

b)

If carbon dioxide levels decrease

52.

  1. Decreased respiratory rate

a)

If carbon dioxide levels increase

b)

If carbon dioxide levels decrease

53.

  1. Increased respiratory rate.

a)

If carbon dioxide levels increase

b)

If carbon dioxide levels decrease

54.

  1. Decreased heart rate

a)

If carbon dioxide levels increase

b)

If carbon dioxide levels decrease

55.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a)

  1. A vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long.

b)

  1. A vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long.

c)

  1. A vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long.

d)

  1. A vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long.

56.

Which of the following is associated with vasomotion?

a)

  1. Endothelium in the tunica interna

b)

  1. Collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media

c)

  1. Elastic tissue in the tunica externa

d)

  1. Fenestrated in the tunica externa

e)

  1. Smooth muscle in the tunica media

57.

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by……

a)

  1. Large non-diffuse lie proteins in the blood plasma.

b)

  1. The force of blood pushing against the vessel wall.

c)

  1. Hypertonic solutions separated by a cell membrane.

d)

  1. Osmosis of water.

e)

  1. A greater salt concentration in blood cells.

58.

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except……

a)

  1. Inhibition of EPO secretion

b)

  1. Activation of aldosterone secretion.

c)

  1. Increased thirst and water intake.

d)

  1. Activation of ADH secretion.

e)

  1. Uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure.

59.

Which of the following decreases blood pressure?

a)

  1. Natriuretic peptides

b)

  1. Aldosterone

c)

  1. Angiotensin II

d)

  1. Norepinephrine

e)

  1. Antidiuretic hormone

60.

Which of the following changes does not occur at birth when an infant takes his or her first breaths?

a)

  1. Changes in blood flow cause the foramen ovale to closes.

b)

  1. Gas diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

c)

  1. Blood flow to the lungs decreases.

d)

  1. The resistance in the pulmonary arteries decreases.

e)

  1. Air enters the alveoli.

61.

The addition of CO2 to the blood generates ____ ions in the RBCs, which in turn stimulates RBCs to unload more oxygen.

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Sodium

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Chloride

62.

Gas transport is the process of carrying gases from the alveoli to the systemic tissues and vice versa.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

Damage to the Type II pneumocystis of the lungs would result in….

a)

  1. An increased rate of gas exchange

b)

  1. Expansion of alveoli

c)

  1. A loss of surfactant

d)

  1. Decreased surface tension in the alveoli

e)

  1. All of the answers are correct

64.

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that….

a)

  1. Intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.

b)

  1. Intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.

c)

  1. Intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure.

d)

  1. Atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary pressure.

e)

  1. Atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.

65.

Oxygen diffusion from the alveolus to the pulmonary capillary occurs because…..

a)

  1. Alveolar PCO2 is greater than capillary PCO2.

b)

  1. Oxygen diffuses faster than carbon dioxide.

c)

  1. Alveolar PO2 is less than capillary PCO2.

d)

  1. Carbon dioxide diffuses faster than oxygen.

e)

  1. Alveolar PO2 is greater than capillary PO2.

66.

Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

a)

  1. Increased connective tissue in the alveolar wall.

b)

  1. Increased thickness of the respiratory membrane.

c)

  1. Increased fluid in the alveoli.

d)

  1. Increased surface area of the respiratory membrane.

67.

Which of the following factors would increase the amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues?

a)

  1. Increased tissue PO2

b)

  1. Decreased temperature

c)

  1. Decreased pH

d)

  1. Decreased amounts of DPG

e)

  1. All of the answers are correct

68.

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is the ______.

a)

Vital capacity

b)

Inspiratory reserve volume

c)

Expiratory reserve volume

d)

Residual volume

e)

Inspiratory capacity

69.

Metabolically active tissues have which of the following sets of conditions that shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?

a)

↓ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↑ BPG

b)

↑ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↓ temperature, ↑ BPG

c)

↑ PO2, ↓ PCO2, ↓ temperature, ↓ BPG

d)

↓ PO2, ↑ PCO2, ↑ temperature, ↓ BPG

70.

The blood transport more CO2 in the form of ______ than in any other form.

a)

  1. Carbaminohemoglobin

b)

  1. Carboxyhemoglobin

c)

  1. Bicarbonate ions

d)

  1. Dissolved CO2 gas

e)

  1. Bisphosphocarbonate

71.

This diagram shows the four routes by which materials are able to move across the capillary wall. Which solute uses the route labeled transcytosis?

a)

Glucose

b)

Transport proteins

c)

Red blood cells

d)

Insulin

e)

Oxygen

72.

This diagram shows the four routes by which materials are able to move across the capillary wall. Which solute uses the route labeled filtration pores?

a)

Glucose

b)

Transport proteins

c)

Red blood cells

d)

Insulin

e)

Oxygen

73.

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

a)

  1. Suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.

b)

  1. Sets the at-rest respiration pattern.

c)

  1. Prolongs inspiration

d)

  1. Modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

e)

  1. Stimulates the dorsal respiratory group.

74.

Which of the following is directly related to respiratory production of carbon dioxide?

a)

  1. Regulation of blood pressure

b)

  1. The synthesis of vasodilators

c)

  1. AIDS indefecation

d)

  1. Regulation of pH

e)

  1. Regulation of body temperature

75.

Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

a)

The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement.

b)

Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary.

c)

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

d)

Capillary hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space.

e)

The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure.

76.

Which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity?

a)

Vessel radius

b)

Vessel length

c)

Blood viscosity

d)

Blood osmolarity

e)

Hematocrit

77.

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of.......

a)

surfactant cells

b)

ciliated squamous epithelium

c)

Simple squamous epithelium

d)

Moist cuboidal epithelium

78.

Which of the following is the term for the lungs' resistance to expansion?

a)

Pulmonary ventilation

b)

Pulmonary Compliance

c)

Pulmonary stenosis

d)

Pulmonary surfactant

e)

Pulmonary impedance

79.

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported in deoxygenated blood.


a)

As bicarbonate ions in the blood plasma.

b)

As bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

c)

As dissolved CO2 in the blood plasma.

d)

As carbonic acid in the red blood cells

e)

Combined with hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin.

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