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Heredity Unit Test Review

Total questions: 93

Worksheet time: 2hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The following sequence is the template strand of DNA about to be replicated:

ACT TGA CTA


Identify the complementary strand:

a)

ACT TGA CTA

b)

ATC AGT TCA

c)

TGA ACT GAT

d)

TAG TCA AGT

2.

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine are examples of...

a)

Sugars

b)

Nitrogenous bases

c)

Phosphate groups

d)

Nucleotides

3.

Which of the following combinations include the 3 parts of ALL nucleotides?

a)

Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)

b)

Phosphate, sugar, adenine (A)

c)

Phosphate, lipid, nitrogen base

d)

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

4.

You have discovered that your DNA contains 23% adenine (A) and now you are curious how much guanine (G) you have in your DNA. Which of the following would be the correct percentage of guanine (G) in your DNA, knowing that you have 23% adenine (A)?

a)

23%

b)

77%

c)

54%

d)

27%

5.

Which of the following best describes the shape of DNA?

a)

Single helix

b)

Double helix

c)

Helical

d)

Nucleotides

6.

The following sequence is the template strand of DNA about to be replicated:

TAG TCA AGT


Identify the complementary strand:

a)

ACT TGA CTA

b)

ATC AGT TCA

c)

TGA ACT GAT

d)

TAG TCA AGT

7.

Why do we need to replicate DNA?

a)

Because it benefits an organism to have extra DNA in the cell

b)

Because DNA gets damaged, so we need to make more DNA

c)

Because we need to make an extra copy of our DNA for cell division to produce identical cells

d)

Because we need extra DNA to pass on to our children

8.

Which of the following contains the correct base pairing rule for DNA?

a)

A with T and C with G

b)

A with C and G with T

c)

A with G and C with T

d)

Any of the letters can pair together

9.

What is the first step of DNA replication?

a)

Two DNA strands are synthesized

b)

DNA strands are checked for errors

c)

DNA strands are separated during mitosis

d)

DNA strands in the double helix are separated

10.

DNA replication occurs in the...

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Vacuole

11.

This chart shows which amino acids are produced from different combinations of mRNA.

What is the correct sequence of amino acids produced from a segment of mRNA described by AUG CUA GUG AAA?

a)

Methionine-Leucine-Valine-Lysine

b)

Methionine-Isoleucine-Lysine-Tyrosine

c)

Methionine-Leucine-Alanine-Aspartate

d)

Methionine-Leucine-Methionine-Histidine

12.

A segment of mRNA has the base sequence UGU CAA ACU CGA. What is the base sequence of the original DNA segment?

a)

ACA GUU UGA GCU

b)

TCT GUU UGA GCU

c)

ACA GTT TGA GCT

d)

GAG TCC CTG TAC

13.

Which most accurately describes the process of protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA --> DNA --> tRNA --> protein

b)

DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> protein

c)

translation --> transcription --> DNA --> protein

d)

translation --> transcription --> protein --> DNA

14.

A chemical is applied to cells which prevents the formation of RNA. A disruption of this process would most likely have a direct impact on which other process within the cell?

a)

ATP production

b)

photosynthesis

c)

DNA replication

d)

protein synthesis

15.

What type of mutation results when a single nucleotide is exchanged for a different nucleotide?

a)

deletion

b)

addition

c)

substitution

d)

translocation

16.

Which trait distinguishes DNA from RNA?

a)

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

b)

DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.

c)

DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

d)

DNA converts glucose to ATP, while RNA directs protein synthesis.

17.

This diagram shows the process of translation. Which is best represented by the arrow?

a)

an amino acid chain

b)

a polysaccharide

c)

an anti-codon

d)

a codon

18.

An original strand of DNA has the sequence: GGC ATG AAC. A point mutation results in a change in the sequence: GGC ATG AAT.

Using the mRNA codon chart above, what is the most likely result from this change?

a)

One amino acid will change to asparagine.

b)

One amino acid will change to phenylalanine.

c)

All three amino acids in the sequence will change.

d)

All three amino acids in the sequence will remain the same.

19.

An amoeba, a single-celled protist, is exposed to a chemical known to cause DNA mutations. A segment of DNA changes from TAC CCC CAT ACG to TAC CCC CCA TACG. What type of mutation was caused by the mutagen?

a)

base substitution

b)

insertion

c)

inversion

d)

deletion

20.

Observe the amino acid sequence below.

Before: METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – LYSINE – LEUCINE

After: METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – SERINE – LEUCINE

What type of mutation is shown above?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

substitution

d)

frame shift

21.
In butterfly bushes, dark purple and pink parents will produce offspring with lavender flowers. This is a result of 
a)
codominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
complete dominance
d)
recessive dominance
22.
A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
23.
A roan cow shows co-dominance in fur color (orange & white). What is the phenotype ratio expected if a roan cow and a roan steer mate together?
a)
4: Orange and White
b)
1: Orange : 1 White
c)
2 Orange: 2 Orange and White: 0 White
d)
1: Orange: 2 Orange and White: 1 White
24.

The following pedigree chart shows _______ females and ______ males that DO NOT have the trait.

a)

7, 3

b)

4, 4

c)

3, 2

d)

3, 3

e)

57, 93.5

25.

How many males are carriers?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

26.

If a child shows a recessive disorder, and his brother does not, his normal, healthy parents' genotypes are;

a)

Hh and Hh

b)

HH and HH

c)

Hh and HH

d)

hh and hh

27.

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease .


Study the pedigree what are the possible genotypes of #10? (more than one answer)

a)

AA or Aa

b)

Aa or aa

c)

aa or XY

d)

XAXa

28.

This is a recessive disease pedigree. What is the genotype of the male in generation I?

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

R?

d)

rr

29.

This is a recessive disease pedigree. What is the genotype of the female in generation II?

a)

Rr

b)

RR

c)

rr

d)

R?

30.
What does a filled in square represent?
a)
Not affected Female
b)
Not affected Male
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
31.
What do half colored symbols represent?
a)
The individual is a carrier (heterozygous).
b)
The individual expresses the trait.
c)
The individual has both recessive alleles.
d)
The individual has both dominant alleles.
32.
What does an open circle represent?
a)
Not Affected Male
b)
Not Affected Female
c)
Affected Male
d)
Affected Female
33.
Is this trait (the shaded individuals) dominant or recessive?
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
34.
If a trait SKIPS a generation, it is an indication that the trait is....
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
c)
incompletely dominant
d)
co-dominant
35.
If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
None of the above
36.
If two parents have type AB blood, what is the probability that their child will have type O blood?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
37.
If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood, what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood?
a)
100 %
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
38.

Which of the following are genotypes for blood type B?

a)

IA IA and IA IB

b)

IB IB and ii

c)

IB IB and IB i

d)

IA IB and IA IB

39.

This type of inheritance pattern is a MIXTURE of two traits. This is known as ---

a)

incomplete dominance.

b)

codominance

40.
A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?
a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

41.

A brown rooster and a white chicken produced this speckled offspring. This is an example of....

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Complete dominance

d)

sex-linked inheritance

42.

A black male and white female produced this grey offspring. This is an example of...

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Complete dominance

d)

epistasis

43.

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X R X r ?

a)

male with white eyes

b)

female with red eyes

c)

male with red eyes

d)

female with white eyes

44.

Colorblindness is a recessive X-linked disorder.

Which genotype represents a male with normal vision?

a)

XN YN

b)

Xn Yn

c)

XN Y

d)

Xn Y

45.

The woman who is colorblind marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their sons will be colorblind?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

46.
Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?
a)

XBXb

b)

XbXb

c)

XbY

d)

XBY

47.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
48.

What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes and there can be a range of traits?

a)

Codominance

b)

Incomplete dominance

c)

Polygenic traits

d)

Multiple Alleles

49.

The two cows on the top are the parents and the cow on the bottom is the offspring. What is the type of inheritance pattern is being exhibited?

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Codominance

c)

Multiple Alleles

d)

Polygenic Inheritance

50.

What is the mode of inheritance shown here?

a)

Recessive because it "skips" a generation

b)

Dominant because it shows up in every generation

51.
What is the pattern of inheritance shown in this pedigree?
a)

autosomal dominant

b)

autosomal recessive

c)

sex-linked dominant

d)

sex-linked recessive

52.
Analyze the following pedigree. What type of inheritance pattern is shown?
a)

autosomal dominant

b)

autosomal recessive

c)

sex-linked dominant

d)

sex-linked recessive

53.
For the pedigree below, shaded symbols represent afflicted people. Males are squares; females are circles. If the trait is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1?
a)

She has the genotype XXY.

b)

She has two alleles for the disorder.

c)

She is a carrier for the disorder.

d)

She has no alleles for the disorder.

54.

What are the possible genotypes of an affected individual with an autosomal dominant disorder?

a)

homozygous recessive and heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant and heterozygous

c)

homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive

d)

homozygous dominant only

55.

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder?

a)

sickle cell anemia

b)

cystic fibrosis

c)

Tay-Sachs disease

d)

Huntington's disease

56.

Different forms of a gene

a)

allele

b)

genotype

c)

phenotype

57.

The physical look of a trait

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

allele

d)

Mendelian inheritance

58.

When you have two different alleles

a)

recessive

b)

dominant

c)

homozygous

d)

heterozygous

59.

When you have two of the same alleles

a)

dominant

b)

homozygous

c)

recessive

d)

heterozygous

60.

The observable traits of an organism are known as its

a)

allele

b)

dominance

c)

phenotype

d)

genotype

61.

If green is dominant over purple, then what is the genotype for this individual?

a)

Purple

b)

Green

c)

GG

d)

gg

62.

If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?

a)

TT

b)

Tt

c)

tt

d)

tT

63.

Which of the following answers correctly represents this Punnett Square if freckles are dominant?

a)

25% chance freckles

b)

50% chance freckles

c)

75% chance freckles

d)

100% chance freckles

64.

Dominant alleles are represented by a:

a)

Male gene

b)

lowercase letter

c)

recessive trait

d)

capital letter

65.

What are the possible genotypes for this cross?

a)

TT = 25% Tt= 50% tt=25%

b)

all tall

c)

TT= 75% tt = 25%

d)

Tt = 100%

66.

AA and Aa always show up as

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

67.

What is NOT an inherited trait of humans?

a)

playing a piano

b)

Freckles

c)

Hair color

d)

Height

68.

Genes always appear in pairs. Your parents donate ________ allele for every trait.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

23

d)

46

69.

This is an example of ___________?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Co-Dominance

70.

This is an example of ___________.

a)

 Incomplete Dominance

b)

 Codominance

71.

In some carnations, flower color exhibits codominance.  Identify the correct genotypes for red, white, and speckled carnations.

a)

Red = RR, white = rr, speckled = Rr

b)

Red = RR, white = WW, speckled = rw

c)

Red = RR, white = ww, Speckled = Rw

d)

Red = RR, white = WW, speckled = RW

72.

In the image above, what is the percentage of the offspring has the possibility of inheriting blood type O?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

73.

When two or more genes control one single trait.

a)

Multiple Alleles

b)

Several Genes

c)

Polygenetic Traits

d)

Genotype

74.

When two or more alleles for a trait exist in a population.  Ex: Different hair colors or blood types

a)

SHAZAM!

b)

Multiple Genes

c)

Multiple Alleles

d)

Polysaccharide

75.

Which of the following is a phenotype?

a)

Aa

b)

red hair

c)

heterozygous

d)

BB

76.

How many individuals are there in the 3rd generation?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

6

77.

Give the genotype for person III-3

a)

GG

b)

Gg

c)

gg

78.

How many kids did the mother and father from the first generation have?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

79.

This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the females have the hemophilia trait?

a)

8

b)

5

c)

2

d)

3

80.

If this pedigree shows a recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual 4 be?

a)

HH

b)

Hh

c)

hh

81.

What is the purpose of pedigrees?

a)

To track traits in a family

b)

To make determinations about offspring

c)

To observe a family tree

d)

Pedigrees are not particularly usefule

82.

What does a filled square represent?

a)

not affected male

b)

affected male

c)

not affected female

d)

affected female

83.

This is the practice of inserting the DNA of another species into an organism's DNA so that the organism gains a new trait.

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

84.

This is the practice of producing a genetically identical cell or organism

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

85.

This is the process of creating a unique image of an individual's alleles based on their size and using that image to identify an individual's DNA

a)

Cloning

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Genetic Engineering

d)

DNA Fingerprinting

86.

What is the name of the international effort to sequence a human's DNA sequence?

a)

The Gene Sequencing Project

b)

The DNA Fingerprinting Project

c)

The Nuremberg Trials

d)

The Human Genome Project

87.

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

88.

Which of these is NOT a use for DNA Fingerprinting?

a)

Identifying the person whose DNA was left at a crime scene

b)

Determining the father of a child

c)

Finding the likelihood of inheriting a genetic disorder

d)

Figuring out which species are more closely related

89.

Why did scientists edit the genes of bacteria to produce insulin?

a)

Because the bacteria were diabetic

b)

Because bacteria have simple DNA that is easier to manipulate, making it easy to produce insulin in a lab

c)

Because bacteria's complex DNA was perfect for insulin production

d)

Because insulin has no use outside of a lab setting

90.

This is the practice of choosing individuals of a species to mate based on their desirable characteristics

a)

Bacterial recombination

b)

Natural selection

c)

Genetic modification

d)

Selective breeding

91.

Which of these is the correct definition of genetic modification/genetic engineering?

a)

Choosing individuals to mate based on desired characteristics

b)

Observing genetic changes in populations over time based on adaptive traits

c)

Extracting stem cells to differentiate into specialized tissues

d)

Altering the DNA of an organism at the molecular level

92.

What is the process in which an unspecialized stem cell turns into a specialized body cell?

a)

DNA Replication

b)

Differentiation

c)

Respiration

d)

Genetic Modification

93.

What does transgenic mean?

a)

An organism that can change its genes at will

b)

A stem cell that can differentiate into anything

c)

An organism that has had another species' DNA put in it

d)

A bacteria that reproduces asexually

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