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Test: DNA, The Central Dogma

Total questions: 106

Worksheet time: 8hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
2.
Which of the following is the blueprint for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
3.
The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this message?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
4.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
5.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
6.
The diagram shows the process of
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Mitosis
7.
Where does transcription take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
ribosome
c)
cytoplasm
d)
smooth ER
8.
Where does translation take place?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Golgi Body
d)
Cytoplasm
9.
DNA sequence is ACAGTGC. How would this be coded on mRNA?
a)
TGTCACG
b)
UGUCACG
c)
GUGACAU
d)
CACUGUA
10.
Which of the following is incorrect regarding RNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil
b)
RNA can only be found inside the nucleus
c)
RNA is single stranded
d)
RNA contains genetic information
11.
What nitrogen base is in DNA but NOT RNA?
a)
uracil
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
adenine
12.
This cannot leave the nucleus
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
13.
Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:
TGGCAA
a)
ACCGTT
b)
UGGCAA
c)
UCCGUU
d)
ACCGUU
14.
Carries the genetic code to the ribosome
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
DNA
15.
Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the central dogma?
a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
16.

Ribose sugar is part of...

a)

Thymine

b)

DNA

c)

RNA

d)

Adenine

17.

Translate the mRNA molecule for this gene:

C-A-T-G-T-A-A-A-C

a)

T-C-G-A-T-U-U-C-C

b)

G-G-G-A-T-C-U-U-T

c)

G-U-A-C-A-U-U-U-G

d)

G-T-A-C-A-T-T-T-G

18.

What is the difference between mRNA and DNA?

a)

DNA is a double helix, mRNA is a single strand

b)

DNA has deoxyribose sugar, and mRNA has ribose sugar

c)

DNA uses Thymine, and mRNA uses Uracil

d)

All of the above

19.
What is the process of turning DNA into mRNA?
a)
Central Dogma
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Trapezoid
20.
What are 3 types of RNA?
a)
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
b)
aRNA, fRNA, mRNA
c)
TRNA, MRNA, RRNA
d)
MRNA, ARNA, FRNA, MRNA
21.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
22.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
23.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
24.
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
transformation
d)
replication
25.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
26.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
27.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
28.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
29.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
30.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
31.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
32.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
33.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
34.

Replicate the following strand of DNA by selecting the complementary base pairs:

AATCATGGA

a)

AATCATGGA

b)

TTAGTACCT

c)

UUAGUACCU

d)

GGATAUCUA

35.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
36.

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, considered semi-conservative because...

a)

each one with two original strands

b)

each one with two new strands

c)

each one with one new strand and one original strand

d)

one with two new strands and the other with two original strands

37.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
38.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
39.
Why would DNA replicate?
a)
to make a completely new set of DNA for a new body cell
b)
just in case the DNA goes bad in this cell
c)
to send to other body cells whose  DNA is damaged
d)
I don't know
40.

What is the central dogma of genetics?

a)

DNA is based on a code.

b)

Genes on DNA are transcribed into RNA which is then translated into proteins

c)

Traits determine the DNA that a person has

d)

Proteins are what determine traits.

41.

Which term best fits the following definition: The chemicals that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder, A-T and C-G match.

a)

protein

b)

Nitrogen Base

c)

Codon

d)

Nucleotide

42.

Name the process where DNA is copied

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

mutation

43.

The process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA is called:

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

Replication

d)

Mutation

44.

During the first stage of protein synthesis, a gene of DNA has to be converted into an RNA complement. What is the name of this phase?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Duplication

d)

Replication

45.

Which of the following regarding the basic mechanism of gene expression is correct?

a)

DNA ―> RNA ―> protein

b)

DNA ―> protein ―> RNA

c)

RNA ―> DNA ―> mRNA ―> protein

d)

RNA ―> DNA ―> tRNA ―> protein

46.

In the cytoplasm, the mRNA is converted into an amino acid chain, which later folds to become a protein. What is the name for this phase of protein synthesis?

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Regeneration

47.

Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the RNA over a DNA template?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

DNA helicase

d)

RNA helicase

48.

Which of the following sequences of processes correctly reflects the order of events in the central dogma?

a)
protein synthesis, transcription, translation
b)
protein synthesis, translation, transcription
c)
transcription, translation, protein synthesis
d)
translation, transcription, protein synthesis
49.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
50.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
51.

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the mRNA sequence in the diagram?

a)

Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

b)

Met. Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

c)

Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

52.

Which DNA strand is complimentary to the one shown?


TTA CCG ACG TAG

a)

AAU GGC UGC AUC

b)

TTA CCG ACG TAG

c)

AAT GGC TGC ATC

d)

AAU GGC UGC AUC

53.

Where are proteins made?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

Golgi body

54.

DNA replication is called semi-conservative replication because each of the new copies of DNA has one _________ strand and one _________ strand.

a)

original, new

b)

RNA, DNA

c)

original, RNA

d)

original, amino acid

55.

What is the job of tRNA?

a)

assembles amino acids

b)

transfers the message from the genetic code

c)

transfers the amino acids to the ribosome

56.
What does rRNA do?
a)
provides information from DNA to ribosomes
b)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
c)
makes up ribosomes
d)
builds proteins
57.

What is the purpose of this process?

a)

To replicate the DNA of an organism before cell division

b)

To assemble nucleotides in an mRNA chain along a DNA template

c)

To synthesize amino acids used to unzip strands of DNA and copy the genetic code

d)

To translate the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids

58.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
59.
What structure of this molecule binds with the mRNA molecule?
a)
Amino Acid
b)
tRNA
c)
Anticodon
d)
Codon
60.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
61.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
62.

Which mRNA sequence/s code for glutamine? There might be more than one.

a)

CGU

b)

CAG

c)

CUA

d)

CAA

63.

Which sequence of DNA bases would be complement to this partial strand of DNA? ATG TGA CAG

a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
64.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
65.

Which best describes the location in which translation occurs?

a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
golgi apparatus
66.

What does the diagram suggests?

a)

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

b)

Gene Therapy

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Law of Independent Assortment

67.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

68.

Why does DNA replicate?

a)

To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged

b)

New cells will have a copy of the DNA

c)

To create a new copy to replace the damaged original

69.

What is the Order of Central Dogma

a)

Transcription, Replication, Translation

b)

Replication, Translation, Transcription,

c)

Replication, Transcription, Translation

d)

Transcription, Translation, Replication

70.

What unwinds the DNA strand

a)

Helicase

b)

Topermoriase

c)

Ligase

d)

Single Stranded Binding Proteins

71.

The (a)   strand is sythnesized continously in the same direction

72.

Which enzyme is the scissors responsible for separating double stranded bonds

a)

DNA Ligase

b)

RNA Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

DNA Helicase

73.

The Okazaki Fragments are formed durning the discontinuous synthesis of the (a)   strand durning DNA Replication

74.

What does the A base pair with in Transcription

(a)  

75.

What are the stop codons (*select all that apply)

a)

UAG

b)

UGA

c)

UUA

d)

UAA

76.

What is the start codon

(a)  

77.

What reads and binds to the mRNA

a)

Polypetide chain

b)

Codons

c)

Ribosome

d)

Anti-codons

78.

Write the Anticodon for:

AUU

(a)  

79.

Write Anticodons for:

AUG, UUC, ACC, UGA

(a)  

80.

What are the codons for:

GCU

(a)  

81.

Which amino acid sequence does the mRNA sequence UUUCCUCAA make?

a)

leu-thr-glu

b)

phe-pro-gln

c)

phe-pro-his

d)

ser-his-gln

82.

What is the name for the theory that states that genetic information flows only in one direction from DNA to RNA to a protein.

a)

transcription

b)

the genetic process

c)

the central dogma

d)

translation

83.

Dr. Tanaka discovered a new virus, but does not know if it has DNA or RNA. After running tests, she concludes that it is DNA. Which of the following would lead her to that conclusion?

a)

It contains uracil

b)

It contains adenine

c)

It contains thymine

d)

It contains cytosine

84.

What is the correct amino acid sequence that is coded from the mRNA sequence UGGCAGAUU?

a)

val-gly-trp

b)

met-his-ser

c)

tyr-pro-asn

d)

trp-gln-ile

85.

Transcription of the sequence TTAAG produces which sequence?

a)

TTAAG

b)

UUAAG

c)

AAUUC

d)

AATTC

86.

Which of the following is made from amino acids?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

ribosomes

d)

proteins

87.

What is the name for the synthesis of mRNA using DNA as a template?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

RNA processing

d)

Replication

88.

If the sequence of nucleotides in the original DNA molecule was A-T-T-C-C-G, then the sequence of the complementary DNA strand would be:

a)

T-A-A-G-G-C

b)

C-G-G-T-T-A

c)

A-U-U-G-G-C

d)

U-A-A-G-G-C

89.

Which of the following is true of RNA:

a)

it is double stranded like DNA

b)

it has the same four nitrogen bases as DNA

c)

it contains uracil (U)

d)

it contains thymine (T)

90.

Which molecule was coded for by the longest strand of DNA?

a)

An mRNA molecule with 20 codons

b)

A polysaccharide with 60 sugars

c)

An mRNA molecule with 45 nucleotide bases (letters)

d)

A protein with 25 amino acids

91.

Which of the following best explains why different cells (skin, muscle, nerve, etc.) from the same organism look different and have different functions.

a)

The cells have different DNA.

b)

The cells have the same DNA, but use different segments and therefore produce different proteins.

92.

DNA houses the instructions for making...

a)

fats

b)

polysaccharides

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

93.

Replicate TCG GCA ATC

a)

AGC CGT TAG

b)

AGC CGU UAG

c)

AGC CGA ATC

d)

CTC CGA GAA

94.

During translation, what delivers the amino acids to the ribosome so that the proper protein can be synthesized?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

Proteins

95.

A codon is a specific group of:

a)

3 sequential bases of mRNA

b)

3 sequential bases of tRNA

c)

3 sequential bases of rRNA

d)

3 sequential bases of DNA

96.

The sides or backbone of DNA are made of

a)

mRNA

b)

Nitrogen Bases

c)

Sugar & Phosphate

d)

Phosphate only

97.

Nucleic acids are large molecules which are made up of repeating subunits (monomers) called...

a)

amino acids

b)

polymers

c)

nucleotides

d)

DNA

98.

As ______ is sent through a ribosome, codons are translated into amino acids

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

a polypeptide

d)

tRNA

99.

Genes code for specifically structured

a)

acids

b)

lipids

c)

sugars

d)

proteins

100.

According to the mRNA Codon Chart, which of the following statements is true?

a)

Some codons code for the same amino acid

b)

The codon UAC codes for Met

c)

All codons code for a unique amino acid

d)

Codons are made from 3 bases of DNA

101.

According to the central dogma, genetic information flows from:

a)

mRNA → DNA → proteins

b)

DNA → proteins → mRNA

c)

DNA → mRNA → proteins

d)

Proteins → DNA → mRNA

102.

What amino acid codes for the mRNA strand UGG?

a)

PRO

b)

LEU

c)

PHE

d)

TRP

103.

What amino acid is made from CUA?

a)

PHE

b)

LEU

c)

GLN

d)

SER

104.

Label the nucleotide:

a)

Sugar

b)

Phosphate

c)

Nitrogenous Base

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
105.

Place the descriptions into the appropriate category.

Categorize the following

Occurs in the nucleus

Ends with the production of mRNA

Ends with the production of a protein

Occurs at the ribosome

Transcription
Translation
106.

Match the following:

a)

Stores the genetic information of the cell.

1.

Nucleus

b)

Enzyme that breaks two DNA strands apart by breaking the hydrogen bonds.

2.

Helicase

c)

Enzyme that makes mRNA using DNA as a template.

3.

RNA Polymerase

d)

The location of protein production

4.

Ribosome

e)

Enzyme that makes the complementary strand of DNA to make DNA double stranded.

5.

DNA Polymerase

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