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Molecular biology review

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Water is considered (a)   because it has a slightly electropositive end and slightly electronegative end.

2.

The ability for water molecules to form bonds with itself is called (a)   .

3.

The ability for water to form bonds with other polar molecules is called (a)   .

4.

When salt dissolves in water, the positive sodium ions are surrounded by the (a)   region of water molecules.

5.

Cholesterol is considered

a)

hydrophilic

b)

hydrophobic

c)

soluble in water

d)

insoluble in lipid

6.

High temperatures can damage tissues and denature proteins causing _____________ to stop working.

a)

fatty acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

enzymes

d)

carbohydrates

7.

Solute

a)

A substance that does not dissolve.

b)

A substance that is a solid, even in water.

c)

A substance that solutes for a job well done :)

d)

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

8.

Solvent

a)

A solid substance that does not dissolve

b)

A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

c)

A gas that condenses

d)

A solid substance that dissolves.

9.

hydrophilic

a)

Repelled by water

b)

Attracted to water

c)

on top of water

d)

anti water

10.

A loon is able to float on water due to

a)

Viscosity

b)

Buoyancy

c)

Specific heat capacity

d)

Thermal conductivity

11.
What is the main reason for the polarity of water molecules?
a)
Sharing of electrons in water molecules is unequal.
b)
Water molecules have an equal distribution of charge.
c)
Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.
d)
Water molecules are nonpolar and do not have a charge.
12.
What is the medium in which most processes of life occur?
a)
Water
b)
Fire
c)
Air
d)
Soil
13.
What are the solvent properties of water linked to?
a)
Its role as a medium for metabolism and transport
b)
Its low specific heat capacity
c)
Its low thermal conductivity
d)
Its high viscosity
14.
How does the viscosity of water compare to that of air?
a)
Viscosity does not apply to water or air
b)
Water is less viscous than air
c)
Water is more viscous than air
d)
Water and air have the same viscosity
15.
What is the main consequence of water's adhesion to materials that are polar or charged?
a)
Water loses its ability to transport nutrients in plants and animals.
b)
Water is unable to interact with polar or charged materials.
c)
Water forms hydrogen bonds with the materials, causing them to dissolve.
d)
Water exhibits capillary action in soil and plant cell walls.
16.
What is the relationship between the search for extraterrestrial life and the presence of water?
a)
The presence of water may be necessary for extraterrestrial life to exist.
b)
The presence of water is irrelevant to the search for extraterrestrial life.
c)
The presence of water guarantees the existence of extraterrestrial life.
d)
The presence of water makes the search for extraterrestrial life more difficult.
17.
How are the solvent properties of water linked to its role as a medium for metabolism?
a)
Water has no role in the transport of molecules in plants and animals.
b)
Water prevents the dissolution of hydrophilic molecules, inhibiting metabolic reactions.
c)
Water dissolves hydrophilic molecules, allowing them to participate in metabolic reactions.
d)
Water only dissolves hydrophobic molecules, which are necessary for metabolism.
18.
What causes the polarity of covalent bonding within water molecules?
a)
Ionic bonding
b)
Equal sharing of electrons
c)
Unequal sharing of electrons
d)
Hydrogen bonding
19.
Which physical property of water allows some animals to float in aquatic habitats?
a)
Thermal conductivity
b)
Viscosity
c)
Specific heat capacity
d)
Buoyancy
20.
How do the physical properties of water compare to those of air?
a)
Water is less dense than air.
b)
Water is more viscous than air.
c)
Water has a higher thermal conductivity than air.
d)
Water has a lower specific heat capacity than air.
21.
What is the adhesion of water to materials that are polar or charged due to?
a)
Hydrogen bonding
b)
Covalent bonding
c)
Ionic bonding
d)
Van der Waals forces
22.
What is the main reason for the extraplanetary origin of water on Earth?
a)
Water was always present on Earth since its formation
b)
Water was formed through chemical reactions on Earth
c)
Water was brought to Earth by comets and asteroids
d)
Water originated from volcanic activity on Earth
23.
Which of the following statements best describes the significance of water for life?
a)
Water is the medium in which most processes of life occur.
b)
Water is essential for plants but not for animals.
c)
Water has no effect on the functioning of living organisms.
d)
Water is only important for aquatic organisms, not terrestrial organisms.
24.
What is the cohesion of water molecules due to?
a)
Hydrogen bonding
b)
Ionic bonding
c)
Covalent bonding
d)
Van der Waals forces
25.
During osmosis
a)
water moves from high to low concentration
b)
large or oddly shaped molecules move across a cell membrane
c)
water moves when energy is used
d)
proteins are built
26.
Ideally, your cells should be in a(n) _______ solution
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
d)
Cola
27.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
28.
Which cell is placed into a hypotonic environment? 
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
29.
Which way will the water molecules move during osmosis?
a)
Out of the cell, so the cell shrinks.
b)
Out of the cell, so the cell swells.
c)
Into the cell, so the cell shrinks.
d)
Into the cell, so the cell swells.
30.

In a solution of water and salt, salt is considered the ​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
solvent
solute
solution
flavor
31.

HYPO means​​ (a)  

Choose from the below words
Low
High
Equal
Fat
low
32.
A student noticed that placing wilted lettuce in a bowl of cool water caused the lettuce to become more crisp and firm. What is the best explanation for his observation?
a)
Water moved into the lettuce cells by active transport.
b)
Water moved into the lettuce cells by osmosis.
c)
Salt moved into the lettuce cells by diffusion.
d)
Water moved out of the lettuce cells by osmosis.
33.
You put a cell into a solution, the cell grows. Is the solution hypotonic or hypertonic to the cell? 
a)
hypertonic
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
d)
not enough information
34.
What type of solution allows water to enter the plant cell?
a)
hypotonic solution
b)
hypertonic solution
c)
isotonic solution
d)
active transport
35.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
36.

Osmosis is the movement of ​ (a)   across a membrane.

Choose from the below words
food
energy
oxygen
water
37.

ISO means...

a)

Low

b)

A lot

c)

Equal

d)

Mammal

38.

You are in a lifeboat drifting in the ocean for 3 days and all the water is finished... You are thirsty and see an ocean full of water. Should you drink the sea water?

a)

No. It's hypertonic to your cells

b)

No. It's hypotonic to your cells

c)

No. It's isotonic to your cells

d)

No. It's paratonic to your cells

e)

Yes. Go for it. Stay alive as long as you can

39.
What is the definition of  Selective Permeability?
a)
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
b)
The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
c)
The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through.
d)
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration 
40.

Osmosis is the passage of ​ (a)   molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a ​ (b)   permeable membrane

Choose from the below words
sugar
completely
solute
large
water
partially
41.

Which one is the definition of Diffusion ?

a)

movement of particles through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy in the form of ATP.

b)

passage of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane

c)

net movement of molecule from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration. Molecule down a concentration gradient

d)

net movement of molecule from a region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration. Molecule down a concentration gradient

42.

Which one is the definition of Osmosis ?

a)

movement of particles through the cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy in the form of ATP.

b)

passage of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane

c)

net movement of molecule from a region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration. Molecule down a concentration gradient

d)

net movement of molecule from a region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration. Molecule down a concentration gradient

43.

What will be happen?

a)

water molecule move from solution 1 to solution 2 by osmosis

b)

water molecule move from solution 2 to solution 1 by osmosis

c)

water molecule move from solution 1 to solution 2 by active transport

d)

Sugar molecule move from solution 1 to solution 2 by osmosis

44.

Osmosis

a)

diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable mebrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

b)

the diffusion of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

c)

diffusion of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

d)

the diffusion of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

45.
Sugars all end with what three letter ending?
a)
-ote
b)
-ate
c)
-ase
d)
-ose
46.
What type of carbohydrate is this?
a)
polysaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
it isn't a carbohydrate
47.
The scientific name for table sugar is ___
a)
lactose
b)
sucrose
c)
galactose
d)
glucose
48.
What type of carbohydrate is this?
a)
polysaccharide
b)
disaccharide
c)
monosaccharide
d)
it isn't a carbohydrate
49.
What atoms make up all carbohydrates?
a)
Carbon, Sulfur, Hydrogen
b)
Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen
d)
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
50.

The bonds that join monosaccharides are called:

a)
Peptide Bonds
b)
Ester Bonds
c)

Glycosidic Bonds

d)
Phosphodiester Bonds
51.

Cellulose, starch and glycogen are examples of:

a)

monosaccharides

b)

disaccharides

c)

lipids

d)

polysaccharides

52.

What is the following molecule?

a)

alpha glcuose

b)

beta glucose

c)

amino acid

d)

disaccharide

53.

Match the following

a)

Sucrose

1.

Glucose + fructose

b)

Lactose

2.

Glucose + galactose

c)

Maltose

3.

Glucose + glucose

54.

Which polysaccharide is used by plants to make their cell wall?

a)

starch

b)

glycogen

c)

cellulose

d)

chitin

55.
Each carbohydrate molecule is composed of the following EXCEPT ______.
a)
nitrogen
b)
carbon
c)
oxygen
d)
hydrogen
56.
Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
57.
Which biomolecule is responsible for insulation and energy storage?
a)
Protein
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
58.
Lipids are made up of which of the following?
a)
glycerol and fatty acids tails
b)
glycerol and monolipids
c)
fatty acids and phosolipids
d)
amino acids and nucleotides
59.
What elements are common to all 4 biomolecules?
a)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

b)
Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
c)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
d)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
60.
What are the four biological molecules?
a)
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
b)
A, T, C, G
c)
water, air, earth, and fire
d)
Joe, Nick, and Kevin Jonas
61.

Which biomolecule makes up cell membranes?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic acid

62.

Identify the biomolecule:

a)

Lipid

b)

Protein

c)

Nucleic Acid

d)

beta-D-glucose

e)

alpha-D-glucose

63.

Which triglyceride is solid at room temperature?

a)

unsaturated

b)

saturated

c)

amino acids

d)

nucleotide

64.

What type of Biomolecule is shown?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic Acid

65.

How many single covalent bonds does carbon form?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

66.

What is the formula for glucose?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

67.

What is a disaccharide?

a)

A single sugar molecule

b)

A carbohydrate consisting of two sugar molecules

c)

A complex carbohydrate found in grains

d)

A type of lipid

68.

Identify the molecules:

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

69.

How is maltose formed?

a)

  1. Hydrolysis reaction between two glucose molecules

b)

  1. Condensation reaction between a glucose and an amino acid

c)

  1. Addition reaction between two glucose molecules

d)

  2. Condensation reaction between two glucose molecules

70.

What does hydrolysis mean?

a)

  1. A process of combining two substances through a chemical reaction

b)

  1. The breakdown of a molecule into its components using water

c)

  1. The process of converting a liquid into a gas

d)

  1. A method for producing electricity from water

71.

What does a condensation reaction involve?

a)

Combining two molecules to form a larger one with the release of water

b)

Breaking down a complex molecule into its constituent parts using heat

c)

The transition of a gas into a liquid

d)

Mixing two substances to create a solid precipitate

72.

What are the two types of starch found in plants?

a)

Amylase and amylopectin

b)

Amino acid and amylose

c)

Amylose and amylopeptide

d)

Amylose and amylopectin

73.

What is glycogen made of?

a)

  1. Alpha glucose with 1-4 glycosidic bonds only

b)

  1. Alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

c)

  1. Alpha glucose with 1-6 glycosidic bonds only

d)

  1. Beta glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

74.

What is cellulose made of?

a)

  1. Beta glucose with 1-4 glycosidic bonds

b)

  1. Alpha glucose with 1-4 glycosidic bonds

c)

  1. Alpha glucose with 1-6 glycosidic bonds

d)

  1. Beta glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

75.

Identify the molecules:

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

76.

Match the carbohydrate with the use:

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

77.

starches with a linear structure are ....

a)

amylose

b)

polylose

c)

amylopectin

d)

gelatin

78.

cellulose is also know as ______ in the diet

a)

fiber

b)

glucose

c)

sugar

d)

granules

79.

These biomolecules are, in order of appearance...

a)

cis and trans saturated fatty acids

b)

cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids

c)

trans and cis saturated fatty acids

d)

trans and cis unsaturated fatty acids

80.

A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description?

a)

glycogen

b)

cellulose

c)

amylose

d)

amylopectin

81.

What characteristic shows that this steroid molecule is a lipid?

a)

it is made of carbon rings

b)

it has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon

c)

it contains OH groups as do fatty acids

d)

it is made only of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen

82.

The diagram shows the structure of palmitic acid. What type of fatty acid is palmitic acid?

a)

it is monosaturated

b)

it is polyunsaturated

c)

it is saturated

d)

it is a trans-fatty acid

83.

What is a role of cholesterol in animal cells?

a)

it increases body fat

b)

it controls membrane fluidity

c)

it lines the inner wall of capillaries

d)

it is a constituent of bile

84.

Which molecule diagram corresponds to the name?

a)
b)
c)
d)
85.

In which compounds would a double bond link carbon to oxygen (C=O)?


I. amino acid

II. fatty acid

III. glycerol

a)

I and II only

b)

II and III only

c)

I and III only

d)

I, II, and III

86.

That is the maximum number of fatty acids that can be condensed with glycerol?

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

87.

Which of the following molecules is ribose?

a)
b)
c)
d)
88.

Which process is an example of catabolism?

a)

A. Translation of mRNA

b)

B. Replication of DNA

c)

C. Hydrolysis of protein

d)

D. Synthesis of a disaccharide

89.

Which molecule is depicted in the diagram?

a)

A. A saturated fatty acid

b)

B. An unsaturated fatty acid

c)

C. A trans fat

d)

D. A vegetable oil

90.

The image shows the structural formula of a molecule.

What is this molecule?

a)

A. Amino acid

b)

B. Ribose

c)

C. Deoxyribose

d)

D. Lactose

91.

Which molecule can be hydrolyzed?

a)

A. Glycerol

b)

B. Maltose

c)

C. Fructose

d)

D. Galactose

92.

Which carbon compound produced by living organisms is inorganic?

a)

A. DNA

b)

B. Cellulose

c)

C. Glucose

d)

D. Carbon dioxide

93.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

94.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

95.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

96.

What molecule is sugar?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

97.

A catalyst is a chemical that

a)

blocks a chemical reaction from occurring

b)

slows down a chemical reaction

c)

speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

d)

has no effect on a chemical reaction

98.

Object C in this image is know as the

a)

enzyme

b)

substrate

c)

enzyme-substrate complex

d)

product

99.

This molecule represents a/an

a)

monosaccharide

b)

fatty acid

c)

amino acid

d)

nitrogen base

100.

Which two factors can affect enzyme activity?

a)

Light intensity

b)

pH

c)

Moisture

d)

Temperature

101.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
102.

What is the name of the bond that joins two amino acids together?

a)

Ester bond

b)

Glycosidic bond

c)

Peptide bond

d)

Nucleic bond

103.
How many different amino acids are there?
a)
15
b)
20
c)
25
d)
30
104.

Which protein structure describes the sequence of amino acids?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

105.

Alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of what type of protein structure?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

106.

Which protein structure describes a protein's three-dimensional shape?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

107.

Which protein structure is only found in proteins with more than one polypeptide chain?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

108.

Which of the following can cause protein denaturation?

a)

High heat

b)

Cold temperatures

c)

Strong acids

d)

Strong bases

e)

High pressure

109.
The diagram shows a bond forming between two amino acids. What is the name of this reaction?
a)
Dehydration Synthesis
b)
Hydrolysis
c)
Pepysis
d)
Oxidation
110.

Each amino acid is different from the other due to....

a)

The R group

b)

The amino group

c)

The carboxyl group

d)

The central carbon

111.

Which colored box highlights the amino group?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

112.

Which colored box is different for every amino acid?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

113.

Which colored box highlights the carboxyl group?

a)

Blue (left)

b)

Turquoise (top)

c)

Orange

d)

Red

e)

Purple

114.

Alpha helix and beta sheet are examples of what type of protein structure?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

115.

Which of the following structures involves the R groups interacting in a single polypeptide?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

d)

Quaternary

116.

A competitive inhibitor

a)

binds to the allosteric site, blocking the substrate

b)

binds to the active site, blocking the substrate

c)

has a different shape than the enzyme

d)

lowers the activation energy of a reaction

117.

An inhibitor is a molecule that binds to the enzyme

a)

and speeds up the enzymes function

b)

is always reversible

c)

slows down or stops the enzymes function

d)

is always irreversible

118.

What colour line represents non-competitive inhibition?

a)

Green

b)

Orange

c)

Blue

119.

Which colour line represents competitive inhibition?

a)

Green line

b)

Orange line

c)

Blue line

120.

Which of the following describes the active site?

a)

the part of an enzyme that binds only to the product molecules

b)

the sequence of amino acids responsible for the catalytic activity of enzymes

c)

the sequence of amino acids responsible for the structure of an enzyme

d)

the specific area responsible for the activity of all proteins

121.

What determines the specificity of an enzyme for its substrate?

a)

the temperature at which is it operating

b)

the optimum pH of the enzymes

c)

the concentration of the substrate

d)

the structure of the enzyme molecule

122.

Which levels of protein structure can determine the specificity of an enzyme?

a)

primary

secondary

tertiary

b)

primary

secondary

tertiary

quaternary

c)

tertiary

quaternary

d)

primary

secondary

quaternary

123.

According to the induced fit model of enzyme function,

which of the following statements is correct?

a)

active sites on enzymes are specific to a single substrate

b)

the shape of the active site can be changed by the binding of an allosteric inhibitor

c)

the binding of the substrate changes the shape of the active site slightly

d)

competitive inhibitors can change the shape of enzymes

124.

Which of the following statements are correct for the induced fit hypothesis?


1 - folding of an enzyme molecule causes the formation of the active site


2 - the shape of the active site changes to enable the substrate to bind


3 - temporary bonds hold the substrate in the active site


4 - more ES complexes are formed at the optimum temperature

a)

1 and 2

b)

1 and 3

c)

2, 3 and 4

d)

2 and 4

125.

The graph shows the activation energy of an enzyme catalysed reaction and the same reaction without a catalyst.


Which arrow shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed reaction?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

126.

The diagram shows the energy changes in a chemical reaction. What would happen to the changes in energy if this reaction was controlled by an enzyme?

a)

I would increase

b)

II would decrease

c)

I and IV would decrease

d)

II and III would decrease

127.

Which reaction is an example of catabolism?

a)

Photolysis of water

b)

Denaturation of a protein by a change in pH

c)

Production of maltose from amylose by amylase

d)

Condensation of glucose to form starch

128.

Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism?

a)

Combustion

b)

Condensation

c)

Hydrolysis

d)

Photolysis

129.

Which type of chemical reaction is an example of anabolism?

a)

Combustion

b)

Condensation

c)

Hydrolysis

d)

Photolysis

130.

In which processes are macromolecules broken down into monomers?

a)

Anabolism and catabolism

b)

Catabolism and hydrolysis

c)

Hydrolysis and reduction

d)

Reduction and anabolism

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Biology Final Exam Review

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127 questions

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130 questions

APES Fall Semester Review

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132 questions

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129 questions

Anatomy Midterm Review

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