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APES AP Environmental 6 Energy

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Although nuclear energy is considered a cleaner energy source than fossil fuels, some scientists argue this does not support the claim that nuclear energy is renewable. Which of the following claims best supports the argument that nuclear energy is a nonrenewable energy source?

a)

Nuclear energy has low carbon emissions and does not contribute to global warming.

b)

The uranium deposits on Earth are finite.

c)

Nuclear energy is generated by the process of nuclear fission.

d)

Nuclear power plants convert water to steam, similar to fossil fuel–burning power plants.

2.

How many were consumed in the United States in 2017 by consumers that used petroleum as a fuel source?

a)

28 quadrillion BTU's

b)

36 quadrillion BTU's

c)

62 quadrillion BTU's

d)

97 quadrillion BTU's

3.

Which of the following best describes the conditions under which peat is formed?

a)

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, acidic conditions.

b)

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, alkaline conditions.

c)

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under high-pressure, anaerobic, acidic conditions.

d)

Partially decayed vegetation is placed under low-pressure, aerobic, alkaline conditions.

4.

In an apartment building, exhaust from a gas-powered electrical generator is captured to produce hot water to heat a

swimming pool. Which of the following is illustrated by this process?

a)

Synergy

b)

Cogeneration

c)

Synfuels

d)

Energy Recovery

5.

A family of four lives in a three-bedroom house and uses an average of 900 kWh of electricity per month. The family cools their house for 3 months with 2 window units that each use 350 kWh of electricity per month. Which of the following is the percentage of the family’s total annual electricity that is used to run the two air conditioners for the three summer months?

a)

9.7

b)

19.4

c)

38.8

d)

77.8

6.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nonrenewable energy sources that distinguishes them from renewable energy sources?

a)

The construction of power plants that use nonrenewable energy sources is typically more expensive than the construction of those that use renewable energy sources.

b)

Nonrenewable energy sources are typically less harmful to wildlife and ecosystems than renewable energy sources are.

c)

Nonrenewable energy sources typically require additional new technology in order to be used than renewable energy sources do.

d)

Nonrenewable energy sources typically take a longer time to replenish than renewable energy sources do.

7.

For the diagram above assume fracking has not been used with the oil and gas well.

Rock layer that must be rich in organic matter that was subjected to heat and pressure over time during the formation of oil and natural gas.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

8.

For the diagram above assume fracking has not been used with the oil and gas well.

Rock layer that must be porous and have enough permeability for fluid to move through the layer

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

9.

For the diagram above assume fracking has not been used with the oil and gas well.

Rock layer that can be porous but must have very low to no permeability

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

10.

Which of the following correctly pairs a region with its percent increase in electricity demand between 2016 and 2040?

a)

Africa 61%

b)

United States .17%

c)

China 158%

d)

India 227%

11.

Which of the following explains why some energy sources are renewable?

a)

Renewable energy sources exist in a fixed amount and cannot be easily replaced.

b)

Renewable energy sources can be replenished naturally, at or near the rate of consumption.

c)

Renewable energy sources include natural gas and other fossil fuels because they are made from the remains of ancient organisms.

d)

Renewable energy sources use advanced technologies and have been discovered in recent years, making them newer energy sources.

12.

Purity is a major factor in determining the type of coal used for energy. Which of the following types of coal are correctly paired with a description of its purity and common use?

a)

Anthracite is considered the highest grade coal because it is almost pure carbon, and it is often used for domestic heating.

b)

Coking coal is most widely available and contains 60-86% carbon, which makes it ideal for use in coal power plants.

c)

Steam coal has a high carbon content with low amounts of impurities, which makes it ideal for use in the steel industry.

d)

Lignite is the most mature and purest form of coal, and it is often used for large-scale power generation.

13.

Which of the following is not considered to be a renewable energy source?

a)

Solar

b)

Hydropower

c)

Nuclear

d)

Wind

14.

Based on the diagram, which processes would provide the energy used to generate electricity at the power plant?

a)

Absorption of incoming solar radiation

b)

Fission in radioactive fuel

c)

Fusion of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei

d)

Combustion of fossil fuels

15.

Which of the following coal types is most valuable?

a)

Peat

b)

Anthracite

c)

Bituminous

d)

Lignite

16.

Hydraulic fracturing is used mainly to extract...

a)

Oil

b)

Petroleum

c)

Natural gas

d)

Coal

17.

The environmental disaster caused by a nuclear meltdown in present-day Ukraine is referred to as what?

a)

San Clemente

b)

Fukushima

c)

Three Mile Island

d)

Chernobyl

18.

All of the following statements about solid biomass as a fuel source are true except...

a)

It is potentially renewable

b)

It can lead to deforestation

c)

It reduces greenhouse gas emissions

d)

It can increase soil erosion

19.

Which type of pollution is most associated with nuclear power production?

a)

Smog-producing smoke

b)

Carbon monoxide

c)

Water vapor

d)

Sulfur dioxide

20.

Which of the following is not a biofuel or a biomass?

a)

wood

b)

ethanol from corn

c)

dung

d)

methane

21.

What is a drawback of using ethanol as a fuel alternative to gasoline?

a)

it is produced from a food item

b)

produces more pollution than gas

c)

nonrenewable and comes from the ground

d)

burns worse than gasoline

22.

If a tractor trailer truck is 20% efficient, what happened to the other 80%

a)

energy is destroyed

b)

energy is lost as heat

c)

the 80% is still in the gas tank

d)

energy is converted into matter

23.

The following are advantages of which type of energy?


· Ideal for mobile combustion engines

· Quick ignition/ turn-off capability

· Cleaner-burning than coal

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

24.

The following are advantages of which type of energy?


· Energy-dense and abundant—will last up to 200 years

· No refining needed

· Easy, safe to transport

· Economic backbone of many small towns

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

25.

The following are advantages of which type of energy?


· Emits no CO2

· Offers independence from imported oil

· High energy density, ample supply

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

26.

The following are disadvantages of which type of energy?


· Significant refining required

· Potential for spills on wildlife habitats

· Significant dust and emissions during construction of rigs and refineries

· Human rights/ environmental justice issues in developing countries that export

Will decrease in availability greatly within 40 years

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

27.

The following are disadvantages of which type of energy?


· Mining alters landscapes and endangers humans

· Plants are slow to reach full operating capacity

· Large contributor to acid rain

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

28.

The following are disadvantages of which type of energy?


· Unpopular, generates protests

· Plants are $$$ to build because of legal challenges

· Potential for catastrophic meltdowns and accidents

· Possible terrorist targets

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

29.

The following are pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions of which type of energy?


· Methane (CH4)

· Hydrocarbons

· Hydrogen sulfide

a)

Petroleum

b)

Coal

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear Energy

30.

Differences in __________ SEPARATE the various components of crude OIL.

a)

viscosity

b)

sulfur

c)

solubility

d)

boiling points

31.

What is the half-life of Iodine 131?

a)

32 days

b)

24 days

c)

16 days

d)

8 days

32.
Most of the developing countries in the world depend on _______ for their main source of energy.
a)
renewable sources
b)
nuclear
c)
biomass (including wood, manure, etc)
d)
coal
33.

All of the following are sites are where nuclear accidents have occurred EXCEPT

a)

Three Mile Island

b)

Chernobyl

c)

Fukushima

d)

Bhopal

34.

Fuel with the GREATEST net-energy potential

a)

petroleum

b)

nuclear energy

c)

natural gas

d)

coal

35.
Biomass energy ________.
a)
requires fossil fuel input to produce
b)
produces no greenhouse gases when burned
c)
can be created by microbial action or burned directly as wood or dung
d)
is a form of fossil fuel
36.
The major long-term problem with using coal to generate electricity is the ________.
a)
environmental damage in the area around the mine
b)
water pollution
c)
carbon dioxide released
37.
These types of power plants are primarily responsible for acid deposition (including acid rain)
a)
natural gas
b)
petroleum
c)
coal
d)
nuclear
38.

How does CO-GENERATION increase efficiency of a power plant

a)

it uses two fuel sources

b)

it uses steam generated for thermal energy

c)

it uses alternative sources for energy

d)

it doubles the capacity of a power plant

39.

What does the Hubbert's peak represent?

a)

the point where oil production increases

b)

the point at which oil production reaches a maximum

c)

the amount of nuclear fuel available in the world

d)

the amount of coal reserves in the US

40.

Which of the following characteristics is common to coal and petroleum

a)

Both were formed by the remains of ancient marine organisms

b)

Both release significant amounts of mercury when burned.

c)

Both are considered renewable resources.

d)

both are forms of ancient organic matter buried deep within the earth's crust.

e)

Both require fractional distillation

41.

Nuclear reactors produce energy through the process of

a)

Incineration

b)

Transmutation

c)

Fusion

d)

Breeding

e)

Fission

42.

All of the following are considered to be advantages of nuclear energy EXCEPT

a)

it produces no hazardous waste

b)

it is very efficient when compared to fossil fuels

c)

uranium has a much higher energy content than oil or coal

d)

the technology currently exists to use nuclear fission to produce electricity

43.

The site of one of the most ecologically destructive oil spills in history is

a)

Chernobyl, Ukraine

b)

Gulf of Mexico, US

c)

Yucca Mountain, Nevada

d)

Kuwait City, Kuwait

e)

Shanghai, China

44.

Which of the following is the most likely to lead to acid rain?

a)

the release of carbon dioxide from a coal-fired power plant

b)

the release of carbon monoxide from automobiles.

c)

the release of sulfur dioxide from a coal-fired power plant

d)

The release of methane from a cattle feedlot

e)

the release of particulates from a coal-fired power plant

45.

A 2000W electric space heater was used for 3 hours and 30 minutes. How much energy did the heater use?

a)

2000W

b)

7000kWh

c)

7kWh

d)

2kWh

e)

6500kWh

46.

Fremont, with a population of 300,000 people, uses 8million Btu of energy each day. The yearly per capita energy consumption in the city is nearest to

a)

10,000BTU

b)

1,000,000Btu

c)

10,000,000Btu

d)

1,000,000,000Btu

e)

10,000,000,000Btu

47.

A machine that converts mechanical energy, or motion, into electrical energy

a)

Fossil Fuels

b)

Electric generator

c)

Petroleum

d)

Oil Reserves

48.
This is an example of...
a)
Fission  reaction
b)
Fusion reaction
c)
Decomposition reaction
d)
Combustion
49.
Which type of power plant is this?
a)
Coal Power Plant
b)
Nuclear Power Plant
c)
Solar Power Plant
d)
Hydroelectric Power Plant
50.

The time needed for half of a radioactive sample to decay is called its __________.

a)

decay period

b)

period

c)

transmutation time

d)

half-life

51.

What controls the reaction within a nuclear reactor?

a)

Control Rods

b)

Moderator

c)

Containment building

d)

Reactor Vessel

52.

Three Mile Island differed from Chernobyl and Fukushima because...

a)

It wasn't a complete meltdown

b)

The core melted down

c)

Radiation was released

d)

Many people died

53.

Which of the following is considered the worst nuclear disaster ever?

a)

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Disaster

b)

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

c)

The Three Mile Island Partial Meltdown

d)

The bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima

54.

Nuclear energy uses _____ to turn turbines to power a generator.

a)

wind

b)

water

c)

steam

d)

solar

55.
A radioactive isotope has a half life of 30 years.  At year 0, there are 400 radioactive atoms.  How many are left after 120 years of decay? 
a)
50 atoms
b)
30 atoms
c)
25 atoms
d)
12.5 atoms
56.

Which of the following non-renewable resources supply the majority of energy for human use globally?

a)

Coal

b)

Oil

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Nuclear

57.

Why is nuclear energy considered non-renewable?

a)

Uranium is a finite energy resource

b)

It requires fossil fuels to build nuclear power plants

c)

Nuclear power causes thermal pollution

d)

Nuclear power releases water vapor into the atmosphere

58.

Which fossil fuel releases the LEAST amount of pollutants into the atmosphere?

a)

Coal

b)

Oil

c)

Natural Gas

59.

Which of the following are potentially negative environmental impacts from fracking?

a)

Groundwater contamination

b)

Release of methane into the atmosphere

c)

Thermal pollution of nearby rivers

d)

Acid mine drainage

60.

Coal is formed through various stages. Reorder the following from most energy dense to least energy dense.

a)

Anthracite

b)

Bituminous

c)

Lignite

d)

Peat

1)
2)
3)
4)
61.

The half-life of Zn-71 is 2.4 minutes. If you had 100.0 g at the beginning, how many grams would be left after 7.2 minutes has elapsed?

62.

At time zero, there are 10.0 grams of W-187. If the half-life is 24 hours, how much will be present at the end of seven days?

63.

Which of the following are potential problems for using biomass as an energy source to heat or cook in a home?

a)

Carbon monoxide poisoning

b)

Increased inhalation of particulate matter

c)

Leads to deforestation

d)

Cause of respiratory illness

64.

Which of the following are considered potentially negative environmental impacts of solar energy?

a)

Habitat destruction

b)

Increased need for mining of metals

c)

Thermal pollution of nearby streams

d)

Contamination of groundwater from solar farms

65.

Which of the following are potentially negative impacts of hydroelectric power?

a)

Blocks fish migration

b)

Reduces sediment flow downstream

c)

Releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during operation

d)

Increases recreational opportunities for humans

66.

Geothermal energy is most often found...

a)

Near the equator

b)

In the northern hemisphere

c)

In the southern hemisphere

d)

Near tectonic plate boundaries

67.

Which of the following is a potentially negative impact of hydrogen fuel cells?

a)

Hydrogen fuel is created with the use of fossil fuels

b)

Increased water vapor in the atmosphere

c)

Reduction in water sources worldwide to create hydrogen fuel

d)

Release of carbon dioxide from hydrogen-powered vehicles

68.

Which location would be best to build a wind farm?

a)

Along a wetland where birds migrate to

b)

Amongst houses in a neighborhood

c)

Near caves where bats roost

d)

In an agricultural area on farmland

69.

Reorder the following to correctly list how energy is transformed in a coal powerplant from start to finish.

a)

Potential energy

b)

Kinetic energy

c)

Mechanical energy

d)

Electrical energy

1)
2)
3)
4)
70.

Which of the following pollutants are released from the combustion of coal?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Carbon monoxide

c)

Sulfur dioxide

d)

Particulate matter

71.

The majority of nuclear powerplant disasters have occurred due to a malfunction in the...

a)

Reactor

b)

Cooling Tower

c)

Turbine

d)

Generator

72.

Reorder the following to correctly list how energy is transformed from a hydroelectric dam powerplant from start to finish.

a)

Potential energy

b)

Kinetic energy

c)

Mechanical energy

d)

Electrical energy

1)
2)
3)
4)
73.

Active solar collectors can be used to...

a)

Heat homes

b)

Heat water

c)

Power vehicles

d)

Generate electricity

74.

Which of the following are examples of passive solar home designs?

a)

Overhangs on windows to block sunlight during summer months

b)

Thick walls for insulation

c)

Northward facing windows in the northern hemisphere

d)

Using a solar water pump to heat a home

75.

True or False: Wind turbines produce greenhouse gases

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Which gas is released from the cooling towers of geothermal powerplants?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Methane

c)

Hydrogen sulfide

d)

Nitrogen dioxide

77.

Geothermal energy comes from the heating of water from...

a)

Magma

b)

Uranium

c)

Coal

d)

The Sun

78.

Oil and natural gas is created from organic matter being squeezed through rock that is...

a)

Porous and permeable

b)

Porous and impermeable

c)

Not porous but permeable

d)

Not porous and impermeable

79.

In a hydrogen fuel celled vehicle, electrons flow from...

a)

cathode to anode

b)

anode to cathode

c)

only through the anode

d)

only through the cathode

80.

Hydrogen fuel celled vehicles release...

a)

CO2

b)

H2O

c)

SO2

d)

NO2

81.

Which of the following describes a system that produces heat and electricity simultaneously in a single plant, powered by just one primary energy source, thereby guaranteeing a better energy yield than would be possible to achieve from two separate production sources

a)

Cogeneration

b)

Electrolysis

c)

Anthracite

d)

Denitrification

82.

Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy source?

a)

Wind

b)

Geothermal

c)

Coal

d)

Solar

83.

What is the unit of measurement for energy?

a)

Meters

b)

Seconds

c)

Joules

d)

Kilograms

84.

Which of the following is a renewable energy source?

a)

Oil

b)

Nuclear

c)

Natural Gas

d)

Biomass

85.

What is the predominant energy source until 1875?

a)

Wood

b)

Coal

c)

Nuclear

d)

Oil

86.

When did the use of natural gas as an energy source begin?

a)

1875

b)

1970s

c)

1950

d)

2000

87.

What caused a dramatic dip in energy sources in the 1970s?

a)

Fracking

b)

Gas-rationing

c)

Oil crisis

d)

New technology

88.

What are the top three energy sources today?

a)

Oil, natural gas, coal

b)

Coal, nuclear, oil

c)

Natural gas, coal, nuclear

d)

Nuclear, oil, natural gas

89.

Since 2000, there has been an increase in which energy source?

a)

Biomass

b)

Wind

c)

Geothermal

d)

Solar

90.

Why do we use gas or diesel for our cars instead of coal or firewood?

a)

Wood not easily available in cities

b)

Smaller volume needed

c)

Starts quickly, can be shut off quickly

d)

High amounts of air pollution per joule of energy

91.

What factors influence energy use?

a)

All of the above

b)

Availability

c)

Price

d)

Governmental regulations

92.

Which fuel contains the most SULFUR?

a)

wood

b)

oil

c)

natural gas

d)

coal

93.

What device reduces SO2 emissions in power plants?

a)

scrubber units

b)

electrostatic precipitators

c)

catalytic converters

d)

afterburners

94.

Which of the following 2 use PASSIVE solar energy?

a)

south-facing room with windows

b)

solar oven

c)

solar panels

d)

photovoltaic cells

95.

Law holding perpetrator liable for clean-up of hazardous waste

a)

RCRA

b)

CERCLA

c)

CWA

d)

ANWR

96.

Select the 2 main sources of RENEWABLE energy in the US

a)

wind energy

b)

solar energy

c)

hydroelectric energy

d)

geothermal energy

e)

biomass energy

97.

How long are global oil reserves expected to last?

a)

1,500 years

b)

150 years

c)

75 years

d)

50 years

98.

Source of energy that causes noise pollution and increase death in birds

a)

wind energy

b)

solar energy

c)

geothermal energy

d)

biomass energy

99.

What is the description of a fuel cell car?

a)

uses waste oil from food industry into ethanol

b)

uses methane to heat water and steam turns the turbine

c)

uses hydrogen to generate electricity that runs the motor

d)

runs off of internal combustion and a battery

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