A naturally occurring solid substance with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure?

The study of minerals

A scientist who specializes in studying earthquakes

The study of fossils

The study of volcanoes

The color of the powdered form of a mineral

The way light reflects off the surface of a mineral

The mass per unit volume of a substance

The measurement of a mineral's resistance to being scratched

The way a mineral breaks along planes of weakness

When a rock or mineral breaks irregularly it's called a ____.

A naturally occurring material that can be mined for profit

The extraction of minerals from Earth's surface

The extraction of minerals from beneath the Earth's surface

A rare and attractive mineral

The type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma/lava

The type of rock that forms from the alteration of pre-existing rock through heat & pressure

The type of rock that forms from the lithification of sediments

The process by which an igneous rock forms from cooling magma/lava

The process that causes an existing rock to break into sediments

The process of compaction and cementation that creates a sedimentary rock.

The process that changes an existing rock into a new kind of rock.

An igneous rock that was formed inside the earth

An igneous rock that was formed on Earth's surface.

A light color & low density igneous rock.

A dark color & high density igneous rock.

A rock with large sediments or crystals.

A rock with small sediments or crystals.

A sedimentary rock made from inorganic sediments.

A sedimentary rock made from organic sediments.

A metamorphic rock can form layers called ___ as a result of pressure in one direction.

The outermost layer of the earth

The semisolid layer of the earth where the most convection takes place.

The only fully liquid layer of the earth where Earth's magnetic field is generated.

The solid layer of mostly iron and nickel.

The solid outer layer of the earth that includes both types of crust and the solid upper mantle.

The semisolid middle layer of the mantle where most of the convection takes place.

The solid lower layer of the mantle that separates the semisolid middle mantle and liquid outer core.

The thicker less dense type of crust

The thinner more dense type of crust

The name of the supercontinent that existed 250 million years ago.

The scientist who first purposed the idea that continents have moved over time

The accepted explanation for how continents are able to move.

The phenomena of different aged rocks pointing towards different north poles

A type of map showing depths in a body of water

The device used to map the seafloor. Also called an echo sounder.

The area on the ocean floor where new seafloor is being created.

The deepest parts of the ocean where old seafloor is being destroyed.

The area on earth with the most volcanic activity,

A large section of lithosphere that "floats" on top of the semisolid mantle and slowly moves around.

When two plates come together

When two plates spread apart

When two plates slide side-by-side

When one plate slides underneath another plate.

What causes rocks to bend or break. Also the measurement of force per unit area.

A permeant bend in a rock

A fracture in a rock that causes the rocks move

A fracture in a rock with no movement

The simple "one step" fold in a rock shown.

The simple "one step" fold in a rock shown.

An upwards bend in a rock, as shown.

A downwards bend in a rock, as shown.

The type of fault shown

The type of fault shown

The type of fault shown

The type of fault shown

A sudden shaking of the ground

The point of origin of an earthquake

The point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's origin.

A wave that travels through the ground

An extremely large water wave

An earthquake magnitude scale based on what was felt and damage done.

An earthquake magnitude scale based on the largest jolt of energy released

The currently used earthquake magnitude scale based on the total energy released.

Any rupture in earth's surface that emits lava.

A large collection of molten rock slightly below earth's surface.

A crater at the top of a volcano

The layers that build up on a volcano from recurring eruptions.

The measurement of flow rate of a liquid

The most common type of volcano. Its small and only explosively erupts.

The shortest type of volcano. It only effusively erupts.

The tallest type of volcano. It can explosively or effusively erupt.

A volcano that is currently erupting or about to errupt

A volcano that is hasn't erupted recently but might in the future

A volcano that is hasn't erupted recently and probably never will again.

A pool of naturally warm water on earth's surface

When water explodes onto earth's surface

Molten rock inside the earth

Molten rock that has erupted onto earth's surface