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Biology Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
M phase
c)
Interphase
d)
G1 Phase
2.

During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

S phase

d)

G2 phase

3.
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 
a)
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b)
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
4.

Put the following stages of the cell cycle in order: G2 phase, S phase, G1 phase, Mitosis.

a)

G1, S, G2, M

b)

S, G1, G2, M

c)

G1, M, G2, S

d)

M, G1, S, G2

5.
During which part of the cell cycle is DNA copied?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
S phase
6.

What is the purpose of the cell cycle?

a)

To create two new identical daughter cells

b)

To prevent cancer from developing

c)

To help the body fight viruses and bacteria

d)

To create 4 new different daughter cells

7.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
8.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
9.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
10.

What organelle controls cellular activity and stores the cells genetic information?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Lysosome

11.

Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out - it's isotonic

d)

There is no water

12.

A blood cell is placed into the jar, as seen. Where will the water go?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Equally in & out - it's isotonic

d)

The water is a lie

13.
The ability of an organism to create offspring is ___________________________________.  
a)
reproduction
b)
evolution
c)
development
d)
growth
14.

Organisms that produce their own food mostly through photosynthesis (producers). Examples are plants and algae.

a)

Ominvore

b)

Detritivore

c)

Heterotroph

d)

Autotroph

15.

Organisms that get their energy and nutrition from other organisms (consumers).

a)

Heterotroph

b)

Autotroph

c)

Decomposer

d)

Detritivore

16.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

a)

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

b)

6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

c)

6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 38 ATP

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6

17.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

a)

the breakdown of glucose  to release ATP energy

b)
the breakdown of glucose to release NADH
c)
the breakdown of glucose to release FADH
d)
the breakdown of glucose to release carbon
18.

Which of the following is one of the REACTANTS of cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Water

d)

ATP

19.

Which of the following is a reactant of cellular respiration

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Water

c)

Oxygen

d)

ATP

20.

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

a)

Radiant Energy

b)

Oxygen

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

21.

Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?

a)

Glucose

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Radiant Energy

22.

Which statement is true regarding cellular respiration?

a)

The reactants of cellular respiration are identical to the reactants of photosynthesis.

b)

The reactants of cellular respiration are obtained from the products of photosynthesis.

c)

The products of cellular respiration are the same as the products of photosynthesis

d)

Cellular respiration only occurs in autotrophs, photosynthesis occurs only in heterotrophs.

23.

A decrease in the amount of oxygen available will....

a)

not have an effect on the amount of energy produced during cellular respiration

b)

decrease the amount of glucose produced during cellular respiration

c)

cause the amount of water produced during cellular respiration to increase

d)

decrease the amount of energy produced during cellular respiration

24.

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

6CO2 + light energy + 6H2O --> 6O2 + 1C6H12O6

b)

6CO2 + 1C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> 6O2 + light energy

c)

6O2 + light energy+ 6H2O --> 6CO2 + 1C6H12O6

d)

6CO2 + 6O2 + 6H2O --> Light energy + 1C6H12O6

25.
Which of the following is an example of an AUTOTROPH?
a)
Appletree
b)
Dog
c)
Mushroom
d)
Human
26.
Which of the following is an example of a HETEROTROPH?
a)
Grass
b)
Algae
c)
Lemon Tree
d)
Bear
27.
In which  organelle does photosynthesis occur?
a)
mitochondria
b)
stomata
c)
xylem
d)
chloroplast
28.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
Glucose and Chlorophyll
b)
Glucose and Oxygen
c)
Water and Light energy
d)
Carbon Dioxide and Light energy
29.
How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?
a)
It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
b)
It creates a source of energy they can eat.
c)
It creates clean water.
d)
It eliminates harmful sugars.
30.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
31.

The group of organisms that use the process of homeostasis includes

a)

mammals, only

b)

animals, only

c)

plants and animals

d)

all living things

32.

Why does your heart beat faster when you exercise?

a)

To provide your muscle cells extra oxygen

b)

To provide your muscle cells extra carbon dioxide

c)

To heat your body up

d)

To make you feel more tired

33.

The ___ is the cell part (organelle) inside cells where cellular respiration happens.

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplast

c)

nucleus

d)

ribosome

34.

Which of the following is a factor that affects the rate of Cellular Respiration ONLY?

a)

amount of glucose

b)
light intensity
c)
pH level
d)
cell size
35.

Which of the following is a factor that affects the rate of Photosynthesis ONLY?

a)

light availability

b)
temperature
c)

oxygen concentration

d)

amount of glucose

36.

The different forms of a gene

a)

heredity

b)

genetics

c)

gene

d)

alleles

37.

This trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present in complete dominance punnett squares

a)

dominant allele

b)

codominance

c)

probability

d)

recessive allele

38.

This trait is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present in complete dominance punnett squares

a)

dominant allele

b)

codominance

c)

recessive allele

d)

Punnett Square

39.
An organism's physical appearance or visible traits
a)
fertilization
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
homozygous
40.
An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combination
a)
fertilization
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
heterozygous
41.

An organism that has two IDENTICAL alleles for a trait

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

homozygous

d)

heterozygous

42.

An organism that has two DIFFERENT alleles for a trait

a)

genotype

b)

phenotype

c)

homozygous

d)

heterozygous

43.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
44.
How many daughter cells does Meiosis create?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
8
d)
1
45.
There are no carriers for Huntington's Disease- you either have it or you don't. Is Huntington's disease caused by a dominant or recessive trait?
a)
Dominant
b)
Recessive
46.

In a complete dominance punnett square, the genotypes AA and Aa will display what trait?

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

47.

When completing Punnett Squares, aa always shows up as:

a)

dominant

b)

recessive

48.

A human usually has ______ chromosomes in their BODY cells.

a)

6

b)

22

c)

4

d)

46

49.

The purpose of meiosis is to form ________ cells, that will be used during sexual reproduction.

a)

body

b)

sex (reproductive)

c)

somatic

d)

brain

50.

After meiosis, each new cell will contain how many chromosomes?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

12

d)

96

51.

Crossing over...

a)

occurs during mitosis and DECREASES the chances of genetic

variation in organisms.

b)

occurs during mitosis and INCREASES the chances of genetic

variation in organisms.

c)

occurs during meiosis and DECREASES the chances of genetic

variation in organisms.

d)

occurs during meiosis and INCREASES the chances of genetic

variation in organisms.

52.

Which of the following genotype represents the following: Homozygous dominant

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

d)

BW

53.
If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?
a)
HH
b)
Hh
c)
hh
d)
None of the above
54.

When homologous chromosomes come together, exchange genetic material, and then separate – this is known as ______.

a)

fertilization

b)

cytokinesis

c)

binary fission

d)

crossing over

55.

Which is a significant difference between meiosis and mitosis?

a)

Meiosis results in 4 identical haploid cells, and mitosis results in 4 different diploid cells.

b)

Meiosis results in 4 different haploid cells, and mitosis results in 2 identical diploid cells.

c)

Meiosis results in 2 identical diploid cells, and mitosis results in 2 different haploid cells.

d)

Meiosis results in 2 different diploid cells, and mitosis results in 4 identical haploid cells.

56.
Determine the sex of the individual whose karyotype is displayed in the image.
a)
female
b)
male
57.
Nondisjunction can result in 
a)
trisomy conditions
b)
monosomy conditions
c)
additional sex chromosomes
d)
all of these
58.
A pair of identical chromosomes shown in a karyotype, one inherited from mom, and one inherited from dad are called
a)
sister chromotids
b)
centromeres
c)
homologous chromosomes
d)
autosomes
59.

Chromosome pairs 1-22 in a karyotype are referred to as:

a)

sex chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

a karyotype

d)

autosomal chromosomes

60.

The last pair of chromosomes in a karyotype are referred to as:

a)

sex chromosomes

b)

sister chromatids

c)

a karyotype

d)

autosomal chromosomes

61.

In which stage of MEIOSIS does crossing over occur? (The exchange of genetic material between chromosomes in a tetrad.)

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

62.

The --------------------- cells undergo Mitosis while the --------- undergo Meiosis

a)

(A) Somatic or body ; Gametes

b)

(B) Gametes; Somatic or body cells

c)

(C) Gametes; Gametes

d)

(D) Somatic or Body cells; Somatic or Body cells

63.

Meiosis results in ------------ While Mitosis resuls in ---------

a)

(A) 2 haploid daughter cells and 2 haploid daughter cells

b)

(B) 4 haploid daughter cells and 2 diploid daughter cells

c)

(C) 2 diploid daughter cells and 4 haploid daughter cells

d)

(D) 4 diploid daugther cells and 2 haloid daughter cells

64.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
a)
46-- 23 from mom, 23 from dad
b)
22--11 from mom, 11 from dad
c)
10-- 5 from mom, 5 from dad
d)
23
65.

RNA has what base that is instead of thymine?

a)

guanine

b)

adenine

c)

thymine

d)

uracil

66.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
67.

What is Transcription?

a)

The making DNA segment.from mRNA.

b)

The making of an RNA strand into a protein.

c)

The making of an mRNA strand from the DNA template.

68.
Amino acids are the building blocks of... 
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Atoms
d)
Proteins
69.
Which of these processes begin with an mRNA molecule?
a)
DNA Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
None of them
70.

What is the non-coding portion of the mRNA transcript that is removed during processing?

a)

intron

b)

exon

c)

5'cap

d)

poly-A tail

71.
Stem cells are
a)
cells that grow uncontrollably
b)
undifferentiated and can be any type of cell
c)
never go through cell division
d)
only found in embryos
72.
what is the role of stem cells in the body 
a)
fight against infection 
b)
provide specialized roles in the body 
c)
used for fertility treatment 
d)
they produce new specialized cells in the body to replace old cells that are used up 
73.
Why are scientists interested in studying stem cells?
a)
They never die.
b)
They come from the brain stem. 
c)
They can be transplanted into monkeys.
d)
They can become any type of cell.
74.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

75.

ATT-TGA-GCC- Original

ATT-GAG-CC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

76.
Original: ATC CAT
Mutation: ATC GCAT
What mutation occurred?
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
silent
d)
transverse
77.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
78.
Which of the following statements regarding mRNA is correct?
a)
Exons are included in the protein sequence, while introns are left out
b)
Introns are included in the protein sequence, while exons are left out
c)
Exons and Introns can both be included or left out depending on the protein
d)
Exons and Introns are both part of the mRNA sequence, but only exons are part of the rRNA and tRNA
79.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)

The genes expressed in each cell are different

c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
80.
Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?
a)
Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
b)
Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
c)
Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
d)
A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 

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