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Study Guide (Unit V: Molecular Genetics)

Total questions: 113

Worksheet time: 3hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

An RNA nucleotide contains which 3 things?

a)

ribose sugar

b)

deoxyribose sugar

c)

phosphate group

d)

nitrogen bases (G, C, A, U)

e)

nitrogen bases (G, C, A, T)

2.

RNA is a molecule used by the cell to take instructions coded in DNA to make

a)

amino acids

b)

proteins

c)

nucleotides

3.

Which type of RNA transfers amino acids?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

4.

Which type of RNA are ribosomes made of and reads the mRNA?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

5.

Which type of RNA reads the code of mRNA?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

6.

Which type of RNA is a copy of the DNA “code” instructions for building proteins?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

7.

Base Pairing in DNA G pairs with C and A pairs with T, BUT in RNA G pairs with C and A pairs with

a)

G

b)

C

c)

A

d)

T

e)

U

8.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
9.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
10.

What is DNA and RNA made of?

a)

Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base

b)

Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base

c)

Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine

d)

Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine

11.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
12.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
13.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
14.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
15.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
16.
Which of the following is a base that is NOT contained in DNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
17.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
18.

What is RNA used to make?

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

proteins

19.

Which is single stranded?

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

d)

none

20.

Has different types: messenger, ribosomal, transfer

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

both

d)

none

21.

What would the complementary strand of the RNA be?

AUGCAACCGU

(a)  

22.

What would the complementary strand of DNA be?

GTGGCATTC

(a)  

23.

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

a)

DNA to tRNA to mRNA

b)

RNA to DNA to Protein

c)

DNA to RNA to Protein

d)

mRNA to tRNA to rRNA

24.

When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?

a)

S Phase

b)

M Phase

c)

G1 Phase

d)

G2 Phase

25.

A, B, and C are the three types of

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Protein

d)

Enzymes

26.

Who was credited for discovering the structure of DNA?

a)

Franklin and Wilkins

b)

Hershey and Chase

c)

Franklin and Griffith

d)

Watson and Crick

27.

Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?

a)

Franklin

b)

Wilkins

c)

Watson

d)

Crick

28.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

double helix

b)

triple helix

c)

complementary helix

d)

nitrogenous helix

29.

During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a complementary strand with the bases

a)

GAUCCA

b)

AGCTTG

c)

GATCCA

d)

TCGAAC

30.

The Figure shows the % of bases in a DNA sample. How much Thymine should you expect to find in the sample?

a)

44%

b)

28%

c)

24%

d)

22%

31.

What happens during translation?

a)

Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.

b)

The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.

c)

Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code.

d)

Copies of DNA molecules are made.

32.

What is produced during transcription?

a)

mRNA

b)

DNA

c)

RNA Polymerase

d)

proteins

33.

The amino acids are carried by the rRNA.

a)

This statement is True.

b)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to mRNA.

c)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to tRNA.

d)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to DNA.

34.

One mRNA molecule carries the message of only one gene.

a)

This statement is True.

b)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to tRNA to make it true.

c)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to rRNA to make it true.

d)

This statement is False - change the underlined word to DNA to make it true.

35.

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

build tissues such as bone and muscle

b)

store and transmit heredity

c)

control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

d)

help to fight disease

36.

In eukaryotes, DNA

a)

is circular.

b)

is located in the ribosomes.

c)

floats freely in the cytoplasm.

d)

is located in the nucleus.

37.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
38.
What is the correct complimentary strand for the following DNA?ATCGAG
a)
TACGAG
b)
ATCGAG
c)
TAGCTG
d)
TAGCTC
39.
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
alleles
c)
London dispersion forces
d)
deoxyribose sugars
40.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides ("The Builder")?
a)
Topoisomerase
b)
DNA Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primase
41.
Why is it crucial that living things are able to replicate their DNA?
a)
Each cell must have its own DNA
b)
Less copies of DNA are needed when a new cell is created
c)
A cell needs multiple copies of DNA
d)
Only muscle cells need DNA 
42.

The two strands of DNA are

a)

Parallel

b)

Antiparallel

c)

Perpendicular

d)

At Right Angles

43.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
44.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
45.

Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments?

a)

Helicase

b)

Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primerase

46.

DNA polymerase is able to build the new DNA ______ along the leading strand.

a)

continuously

b)

only in short fragments

c)

very slowly

d)

prokaryotically

47.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?
a)

Helicase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

48.
Based on the diagram, how many origins of replication are represented?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
49.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Ligase

c)

Primase

d)

Helicase

50.

Which enzyme is responsible for checking DNA for errors, and fixing it?

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

Primase

c)

Helicase

d)

RNA Polymerase

51.

Okazaki fragments are found on the _______________ strand

a)

Leading

b)

Lagging

52.

DNA is built in this direction

a)

5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)

b)

3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)

c)

3' to 5' (new nucleotides added to the 3' end)

d)

5' to 3' (new nucleotides added to the 5' end)

53.

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.


​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

a)

Semi- Conservative

b)

Semi-discontinuous

c)

Continuous

d)

Fully-Conserveative

54.

The picture below shows an enzyme unwinding and unzipping DNA.

​

​What is the name of this enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

55.

Which is the first step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

56.

Which is the second step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

57.

Which is the third step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

58.

Which is the fourth step?

a)

DNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand

b)

RNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.

c)

DNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.

d)

Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand

59.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

60.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

61.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the replication fork in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

62.

If a person suffered from a disorder where their DNA fragments were unable to fill in the missing slots in between the fragments of the lagging strand, they would most likely have a disorder that affected which enzyme?

a)

DNA Helicase

b)

DNA Ligase

c)

DNA polyermase

d)

RNA Polymerase

63.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

64.

Okazaki fragments appear on which strand of DNA during DNA replication?

a)

lagging

b)

leading

65.

​What gray enzyme in the picture is shown removing the RNA primer?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Exonuclease

d)

RNA Primase

66.

Where does Transcription occur

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

ER

d)

Mitochondria

67.

What is the mRNA for the following DNA strand?

TAC GTA

a)

GCT AGC

b)

ATG CAT

c)

AUG CAU

68.

What is the end product of translation?

a)

mRNA that can leave the nucleus

b)

Amino acid chain

c)

monosaccharide chain

d)

Anticodon

69.

What is an anticodon?

a)

rRNA

b)

an amino acid

c)

Three nucleotide sequence found on mRNA

d)

Three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA

70.

During Transcription, DNA is converted into ____

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

a Protein

71.

During Translation, mRNA is converted into a _______

a)

DNA

b)

Protein

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

72.

the tRNA carries an

a)

Amino Acid

b)

Polysaccaride

c)

Lipid

d)

DNA

73.

Many amino acids and put together and folded up to form a ______

a)

Protein

b)

DNA strand

c)

mRNA strand

d)

Carbohydrate

74.

During Translation, mRNA finds a ________ to make a protein.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Amino Acid

d)

Mitochondria

75.

Use your codon chart to match the mRNA CUU to the correct amino acid

a)

VAL

b)

TYR

c)

LEU

d)

PHE

76.

Use your codon chart to match the mRNA ACU to the correct amino acid.

a)

Thr

b)

Ala

c)

Val

d)

Gly

77.

Amino acids form a polypeptide chain that is then folded up to form a protein, what type of bond holds together a polypeptide chain?

a)

Hydrogen Bonds

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Nitrogen Bonds

d)

Carbon Bonds

78.

Use your codon chart to find the amino acid that codes for AGU

a)

Tyr

b)

Gly

c)

Arg

d)

Ser

79.

Use your codon chart to find the amino acid that codes for the mRNA codon GCA

a)

Thr

b)

Ala

c)

Pro

d)

Ser

80.

Use your codon chart and find the amino acid that codes for the mRNA codon UAA

a)

Phe

b)

Tyr

c)

START

d)

STOP

81.

Use your codon chart to figure out what amino acid codes for the mRNA codon AUG

a)

START

(Met)

b)

Ile

c)

Val

d)

Leu

82.
Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
signal transduction
d)
DNA replication
83.
what does a promoter do?
a)
it allows a gene to be transcribed
b)
it creates a DNA segment
c)
it is another word for ribosomes
d)
it is another word for RNA
84.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
85.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
86.
Identify the SUBSTITUTION mutation from the following DNA sequence: 
ATG CCA AAT
a)
ATG TCA AAT
b)
ATG CCT AAA T
c)
ATC CA  AT
d)
ATG CCA AAT
87.
Which of the following statements regarding mRNA is correct?
a)
Exons are included in the protein sequence, while introns are left out
b)
Introns are included in the protein sequence, while exons are left out
c)
Exons and Introns can both be included or left out depending on the protein
d)
Exons and Introns are both part of the mRNA sequence, but only exons are part of the rRNA and tRNA
88.
How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?
a)
The two different cells become mutated
b)
The proteins expressed in each cell are different
c)
They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.
d)
The genome of the different cells changes
89.
What structure of this molecule binds with the mRNA molecule?
a)
Amino Acid
b)
tRNA
c)
Anticodon
d)
Codon
90.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
91.
What does the lactose do to the Operon? 
a)
Blocks transcription because of the energy it provides
b)
Allows the repressor to be unbind from the Operator.
c)
The lactose binds the lactose and stops transcription
d)
Allows for the transcription to speed
92.

An operon is

a)

a genetic on/off switch in prokaryotes

b)

a genetic on/off switch in eukaryotes

c)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in prokaryotes

d)

a group of related genes and the associated gene switches in eukaryotes

93.

What is the inducer in the lac operon?

a)

cAMP

b)

glucose

c)

lactose

d)

CRP

94.

Negative control of gene expression is mediated by __ and results in a(n) __ in the frequency of transcription.

a)

activators, increase

b)

activators, decrease

c)

repressors, increase

d)

repressors, decrease

95.

In the trp operon, __ acts as a __ and helps the repressor bind to the operator.

a)

tryptophan, corepressor

b)

tryptophan, inducer

c)

lactose, corepressor

d)

lactose, inducer

96.

Which of the following is/are similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

a)

both use proteins to interact with the DNA to control gene expression

b)

both have histones complexed with their DNA

c)

both separate the processes of transcription and translation spatially

d)

all of the above

97.

The purpose of the lac operon is to produce enzymes that

a)

synthesize lactose

b)

use lactose

c)

synthesize tryptophan

d)

use tryptophan

98.

The lac Z gene codes for:

a)

permease

b)

beta-galactosidase

c)

repressor of lac operon

d)

transacetylase

99.

Which of the following is not a structural gene?

a)

lac z

b)

lac y

c)

lac a

d)

lac I

100.
Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
101.
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.
a)
transcription factors
b)
topoisomerase
c)
regulatory genes
d)
activators
102.

Traits can be inherited or influenced by ______ factors, like the pH of the soil in Hydrangeas.

a)

environmental

b)

mutation

c)

variation

d)

genetic

103.

What causes mutations?

a)

Mutagens in the environment

b)

UV rays from the sun

c)

Gamma rays and X-rays

d)

All of the above.

104.

A mutation can be...

a)

harmful

b)

helpful

c)

neutral

d)

harmful, helpful, or benign(neutral)

105.

Transcription factors are responsible for

a)

turning genes on

b)

turning genes off

c)

turning genes both on and off

d)

stopping transcription

106.
What type of bond holds together the two strands of the DNA double helix?
a)
Hydrogen Bond
b)
Peptide Bond
c)
Ionic Bond
d)
Disulfide Bond
107.

What type of gene mutation has occurred here?

Original DNA: T-G-A-C-C-A

Mutated DNA: T-G-A-C-C-A-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Silent

108.

The karyotype diagram below represents a human female with the genetic disorder known as Turner syndrome. Chromosomal analysis of this karyotype reveals the mutation is a result of

a)

a missing X chromosome

b)

a missing Y chromosome

c)

an extra 21 chromosome

d)

missing chromosome #9

109.

The karyotype diagram below represents a human male. Chromosomal analysis of this karyotype reveals the abnormality in this karyotype is:

a)

a missing X chromosome

b)

a missing Y chromosome

c)

an extra 21 chromosome

d)

missing chromosome #9

110.

Homologous pairs:


(select all that apply)

a)

Have the same genes on them

b)

May have different alleles

c)

Each comes from one parent

d)

Combine to give you your genotypes

111.

These are the chromosomes of someone with Kleinfelters syndrome. What is different about their chromosomes?

a)

There is only one Y chromosome

b)

One of the 5th chromosomes is too curved

c)

There is an extra X chromosome

d)

There are too few chromosomes

112.

This person has Angel Mans syndrome. What is different about their chromosomes?

a)

Chromosome 1 is misshapen

b)

Chromosomes 21 is too small

c)

They are missing one of chromosome 15

d)

Chromosomes 7 and 8 look weird

113.

This is known as Edwards Syndrome, can you identify the chromosomal mutation?

a)

Chromosomes 1 and 2 are bent

b)

There is no Y chromosome

c)

This persons chromosomes are normal

d)

There are 3 of chromosomes 18

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