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Biology Chapter 5

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1-3.

A cellular membrane consists of five layers,

• The first layer in red is the Aqueous environment - composed of water.

• The second layer in yellow is the glycerol group – Hydrophilic side.

• The third layer, which is the largest, in green is hydrocarbon tails – Hydrophobic side.

• The fourth layer in yellow with bits of swirly blue is Aquaporin protein – which functions as a water transporter.

• The fifth layer in red is the Aqueous environment - composed of water.

1.

What is the largest layer in green in the cellular membrane layers?

a)

Protein layer

b)

Carbohydrate layer

c)

Hydrocarbon tails - Hydrophobic side

d)

Cholesterol layer

2.

How many layers does a cellular membrane consist of?

a)

Three layers

b)

Five layers

c)

Seven layers

d)

Ten layers

3.

What is the Aqueous environment composed of?

a)
Water molecules
b)
Carbon molecules
c)
Oxygen molecules
d)
Hydrogen molecules
4.

What are the Cellular membrane two main layers known as?

a)
Phospholipid bilayer and proteins
b)
Protein bilayer and lipids
c)
Cholesterol layer and carbohydrates
d)
Phospholipid monolayer and nucleic acids
5.

What does a polar molecules mean?

a)
A polar molecule has a negative charge on both ends
b)
A polar molecule has no charge
c)
A polar molecule has a slight positive charge on one end and a slight negative charge on the other end.
d)
A polar molecule has a positive charge on both ends
6.

What does it a nonpolar molecule mean?

a)
Equal distribution of electrons
b)
Partial distribution of electrons
c)
Complete absence of electrons
d)
Unequal distribution of electrons
7.

What are the main differences between polar and nonpolar molecules?

a)
Polar molecules have full charges, while nonpolar molecules have partial charges.
b)
Polar molecules have symmetrical shapes, while nonpolar molecules have asymmetrical shapes.
c)
Polar molecules are always solid, while nonpolar molecules are always liquid.
d)
Polar molecules have partial charges, while nonpolar molecules do not.
8.

Is it true polar molecules like water?

a)

True

b)

False

9.

Is it true nonpolar molecules like water?

a)
True
b)
False
10.

Is it true membrane is fluidic because of kinks in the unsaturated fatty acid tails

a)

False

b)

True

11.

Are membranes a lipid bilayer? (true or false)

a)
true
b)
false
12.

Which of the following is not true about the lipid bilayer?

a)

It is selectively permeable

b)
It is impermeable to all molecules.
c)

It restricts the free movement of large polar molecules

d)

It allows the passage of small nonpolar molecules

13.

What is the difference between the cellular membrane and the plasma membrane?

a)
The cellular membrane is found in plants only.
b)
The plasma membrane is only present in animal cells.
c)
The cellular membrane is thicker than the plasma membrane.
d)
They are the same structure.
14-18.

Biologists use the fluid mosaic model to describe a membrane’s structure— diverse protein molecules suspended in a fluid phospholipid bilayer.

• The plasma membrane exhibits selective permeability.

• The proteins perform various functions below.

• Diffusion

• Enzyme

• Glycoprotein

• Junction protein

• Active transport protein

• Channel transport protein

• Receptor protein

• Attachment protein

14.

What characteristic does the plasma membrane exhibit?

a)

Impermeability

b)

Selective permeability

c)

Complete permeability

d)

Random permeability

15.

What role do proteins play in the membrane's functionality?

a)

Transporting molecules across the membrane

b)

Providing structural support to the membrane

c)

Facilitating cell communication

d)

Regulating membrane permeability

16.

What are some functions performed by proteins in the membrane?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Respiration

d)

Excretion

17.

What does the fluid mosaic model describe?

a)

The structure of a cell's nucleus

b)

The structure of a membrane with diverse protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid bilayer

c)

The process of photosynthesis in plants

d)

The function of ribosomes in protein synthesis

18.

What are some types of membrane proteins mentioned in the text?

a)

Enzymes

b)

Lipids

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Nucleic Acids

19.

What is the function of Transport proteins?

a)
Generating energy within the cell
b)
Regulating cell growth
c)
Transporting molecules across the cell membrane or within the cell.
d)
Storing genetic information
20.

What forms intercellular junctions that attach adjacent cells?

a)
Hemidesmosomes
b)
Gap junctions
c)
Tight junctions
d)

Junction proteins

21.

what protein signals molecules in the cellular membrane?

a)
Receptor proteins
b)
Structural proteins
c)
Enzyme proteins
d)
Transport proteins
22.

What serve as ID tags in a cellular membrane?

a)
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
b)
Proteins and nucleic acids
c)
Carbohydrates and lipids
d)
Cholesterol and phospholipids
23.

In a plasma membrane what may be group to carry out sequential reactions?

a)
Enzymes
b)
Nucleic acids
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Lipids
24.

What protein allows specific ions or molecules to enter or exit the cell

a)
Channel protein
b)
Transport protein
c)
Carrier protein
d)
Receptor protein
25.

Phospholipids spontaneously ____ into simply membranes

a)

self-assemble

b)
dissolve
c)

combine with transport proteins

d)
expand
26.

In the origin of a cell, the formation of a simple lipid bilayer membrane are?

a)

Not Sufficient

b)

Sufficient

27.

What is passive transport in a plasma membrane?

a)
Movement of molecules across the membrane without the use of energy.
b)
Movement of molecules across the membrane by facilitated diffusion
c)
Movement of molecules across the membrane through osmosis
d)
Movement of molecules across the membrane using active transport
28.

What is active transport in a plasma membrane?

a)
Movement of molecules across the membrane with their concentration gradient
b)
Does not require energy
c)
Occurs through simple diffusion
d)
Movement of molecules across the membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy in the form of ATP.
29.

What is ATP?

a)
Adenosine triphosphonate
b)
Adenosine triphosphatase
c)
Adenosine triphosphate
d)
Adenosine triphosphide
30.

What are the three forms on ATP?

a)
ATP, ADP, GTP
b)
ATP, ADP, UTP
c)
ATP, ADP, CTP
d)
ATP, ADP, AMP
31.

What is the difference between ATP and GTP

a)
ATP is the primary energy carrier, while GTP is used in protein synthesis and signal transduction.
b)
ATP is used in protein synthesis, while GTP is the primary energy carrier
c)
ATP is only found in animals, while GTP is only found in plants
d)

ATP and GTP are the same. they just take place in different location within the cell

32-34.

Net diffusion occurs when molecules of dye are on one side of one membrane and not the other.

• The molecules of dye diffuse through the pores in the membrane from the side where all the molecules of dye are, to the side where there are no molecules of dye

• Net diffusion occurs until both sides of the membrane have an equal concentration of dye molecules, and equilibrium is reached.

32.

What happens when both sides of the membrane have an equal concentration of dye molecules?

a)

The molecules stop diffusing

b)

The molecules continue to diffuse

c)

The molecules reverse direction

d)

The molecules evaporate

33.

What happens when equilibrium is reached in terms of net diffusion and concentration?

a)

Net diffusion increases

b)

Net diffusion decreases

c)

Net diffusion stops

d)

Concentration becomes uneven

34.

What is net diffusion?

a)

Movement of molecules from low to high concentration

b)

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

c)

No movement of molecules

d)

Movement of molecules in random directions

35.

What is Osmosis?

a)
Osmosis is the movement of solute molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
b)
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
c)
Osmosis is the movement of solute molecules through a non-permeable membrane
d)
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
36.

What is Tonicity?

a)

Tonicity is the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

b)
Tonicity is the measure of the color intensity of a solution
c)
Tonicity is the measure of the viscosity of a solution
d)
Tonicity is the measure of the electrical conductivity of a solution
37.

What is facilitated transport?

a)
Facilitated transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the help of carrier proteins.
b)
Facilitated transport is a passive process that does not require any proteins
c)
Facilitated transport involves the use of energy to move molecules across a membrane
d)
Facilitated transport is the movement of molecules through simple diffusion
38.

what is Co-transportation?

a)
Co-transportation involves the movement of three substances across a membrane
b)
Co-transportation only occurs in plant cells
c)
Co-transportation is a process where two substances are simultaneously transported across a membrane in the same direction.
d)
Co-transportation is a process where two substances are transported in opposite directions
39.

What process is used to take in large molecules in the plasma membrane?

a)
Phagocytosis
b)
Endocytosis
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Osmosis
40.

What is used to export bulky molecules, such as proteins or polysaccharides?

a)

Exocytosis

b)

Endocytosis

c)
Mitochondria
d)
Golgi apparatus
41-43.

Phagocytosis is the engulfment of a particle by the cell wrapping the cell membrane around it, forming a vacuole. Also called cell eating it engulfs bacteria, debris, and other objects cells.

Eg. Macrophages, Neutrophils and other white blood cells. Vacuoles fuse with lysozymes containing hydrolytic enzymes to degrade the engulfed materials.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses membrane receptors for specific solutes. Triggered when membrane receptors bind to external cellular molecules.

Eg. Protein cholesterol complex or Proteins bound to iron

41.

What is phagocytosis?

a)

The engulfment of particles by cells, forming vacuoles

b)

The process of cell division

c)

The breakdown of glucose in cells

d)

The synthesis of proteins in cells

42.

What do vacuoles fuse with to degrade engulfed materials?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Golgi apparatus

c)

Lysozymes

d)

Mitochondria

43.

What is the main mechanism used in receptor-mediated endocytosis?

a)

Phagocytosis

b)

Pinocytosis

c)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

d)

Exocytosis

44.

What is Energy?

a)

Energy is the limit of an object heat

b)

Energy is the color of light

c)

Energy is the capacity to cause change

d)
Energy is the sound of music
45.

What is kinetic energy

a)
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with an object's shape.
b)
Kinetic energy is the energy related to an object's temperature.
c)
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
d)
Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object at rest.
46.

What is potential energy?

a)

Potential energy is the energy stored in the location or structure of matter and includes chemical energy

b)

Potential energy is the energy stored in the location or structure of matter and does not include chemical energy

c)

Potential energy is energy in the location of structure of non-matter and includes chemical energy

d)
Potential energy is the energy of light
47.

What is heat energy?

a)

Heat energy is a very disordered form of energy and has a high entropy

b)
Heat energy is the form of energy that is transferred between different systems or objects due to light differences.
c)
Heat energy is the form of energy that is transferred between different systems or objects due to gravitational differences.
d)
Heat energy is the form of energy that is transferred between different systems or objects due to pressure differences.
48.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

a)
Energy can be created out of nothing.
b)
Energy can be destroyed completely.
c)
Energy can be converted into matter.
d)
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
49.

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

a)
Total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
b)
Heat always flows from a colder body to a hotter body
c)
Energy can be created out of nothing in a closed system
d)
Entropy always decreases in an isolated system
50-51.

Diffusion across a membrane occurs when a more
disordered arrangement (higher entropy) of a high
concentration is on one side and a low concentration is
on the other, to result in equal concentrations of solute.


50.

What is the main cause of diffusion across a membrane?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Active transport

c)

Differences in concentration

d)

Facilitated diffusion

51.

What is the main goal of the process of diffusion?

a)

To increase solute concentrations

b)

To decrease solute concentrations

c)

To achieve equilibrium in solute concentrations

d)

To prevent solute movement

52.

What is chemical energy?

a)
Chemical energy is a form of mechanical energy
b)
Chemical energy is a form of thermal energy
c)
Chemical energy is a form of kinetic energy
d)
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
53.

What is kinetic energy?

a)
Kinetic energy is the energy stored in an object at rest.
b)
Kinetic energy is the energy related to an object's temperature.
c)
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
d)
Kinetic energy is the energy associated with an object's shape.
54.

What is heat energy?

a)
Heat energy is a form of kinetic energy
b)
Heat energy is a form of potential energy
c)
Heat energy is a form of light energy
d)
Heat energy is a form of energy that is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference.
55.

Is it true that Exergonic reactions release energy?

a)

False

b)

True

56.

Is it true that Endergonic reactions do require energy and yield products rich in potential energy?

a)

Yes, They do the following question above

b)
No, Endergonic reactions do not require energy and yield products rich in potential energy
57.

The Graph above illustrates a reaction with and Without an enzyme.

The red curve is the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

The black curve is the non-enzyme catalyzed reaction

Line a: The activation energy without enzyme

Line b: The activation energy with enzyme;

Line c: The change in energy between reactants and
products, which is the same for both the catalyzed and
uncatalyzed reactions

57.

Is the change in energy between reactants and products the same for both catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions?

a)

Yes

b)

No

c)

It depends on the specific reaction

d)

Not enough information provided

58.

What goes on the active site?

a)
Product
b)
Enzyme
c)
Substrate
d)
Cofactor
59.

where is the active site located at?

a)
On the cell membrane
b)
On an enzyme
c)
In the cytoplasm
d)
In the nucleus
60.

are competitive inhibitors temporary or permanent

a)
temporary
b)
permanent
61.

Are noncompetitive inhibitor completive temporary or permanent

a)
temporary
b)
permanent
62-63.

• A competitive inhibitor reduces an enzyme’s
productivity by blocking substrate molecules from
entering the active site.


• A noncompetitive inhibitor does not enter the active
site. Instead, it binds to a site elsewhere on the
enzyme, and its binding changes the enzyme’s shape
so that the active site no longer fits the substrate.


62.

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor affect the enzyme's active site?

a)

It binds to the active site, preventing the substrate from binding

b)

It enhances the enzyme's activity by increasing the substrate affinity

c)

It binds to a site elsewhere on the enzyme, changing its shape

d)

It promotes the release of the product from the active site

63.

How does a competitive inhibitor reduce an enzyme's productivity?

a)

By increasing the enzyme's activity

b)

By blocking substrate molecules from entering the active site

c)

By enhancing the binding of substrate molecules to the active site

d)

By changing the enzyme's structure

64.

What is a coenzyme?

a)
A coenzyme is a type of hormone
b)
A coenzyme is a type of carbohydrate
c)

A coenzyme are small organic molecules that can be loosely or tightly bound to an enzyme.

d)
A coenzyme is a type of lipid
65.

what are Cofactors?

a)
Numbers obtained by adding the elements of a matrix
b)
Values obtained by dividing the elements of a matrix
c)
Results obtained by multiplying the elements of a matrix
d)
Numbers obtained by taking the determinants of the minors of each element in a matrix.
66.

What are reversible inhibitors?

a)
Reversible inhibitors are compounds that bind to enzymes and form non-covalent interactions, allowing them to dissociate from the enzyme and restore its activity.
b)
Reversible inhibitors have no effect on enzyme activity
c)
Reversible inhibitors permanently bind to enzymes
d)
Reversible inhibitors only bind to one specific enzyme
67.

What are covalent inhibitors?

a)
Molecules that form a covalent bond with the target protein, irreversibly inhibiting its activity.
b)
Molecules that inhibit multiple proteins simultaneously
c)
Molecules that bind non-covalently to the target protein
d)
Molecules that enhance the activity of the target protein

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