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ES 1st Nine Weeks Test Review

Total questions: 142

Worksheet time: 2hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of these problems could happen if we don't look after the resources we have?

a)

Loss of animal homes

b)

Climate change

c)

Increase in pollution

d)

All of the above

2.
Your Ecological or Carbon Footprint is the ratio of 
a)
the amount of resources you use to the amount of resources available
b)
how many people there are on earth to how much space we have on earth
c)
people to cars
d)
robots available to robots needed
3.
What has happened to resource consumption in the last several hundred years?
a)
it has remained at the same level
b)
it has decreased dramatically
c)
it has decreased only slightly
d)
it has increased dramatically
4.
The variety of life in the world, a habitat, or an ecosystem
a)
biodiversity
b)
ecosystem
c)
mutations
d)
diversity
5.
Our effect on the environment - a combination of what we consume, and the waste we produce.
a)
Ecological Fingerprint
b)
Ecological Footprint
c)
Ecological Image
d)
Ecological History
6.
 Energy from the sun is known as......... 
a)
hydroelectric energy
b)
geothermal energy
c)
solar energy
d)
wind energy
7.
Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable because they.......
a)
require expensive equipment
b)
take millions of years to replace
c)
can be found all over 
d)
provide all the energy we use
8.

An accurate definition of Sustainability is

a)

meeting population needs

b)

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to survive

c)

meeting the needs of the future without worrying about todays

d)

meeting the food needs of animals

9.

Sustainability of the natural environment includes protecting natural resources like

a)

Water, sunlight, wind

b)

Trees, sunlight, soil

c)

Buildings, waste, trees

d)

Water, trees, soil

10.

The estimated time-frame for plastic to fully biodegrade is . . . ?

a)

0 - 250 years

b)

250 - 500 years

c)

500 - 750 years

d)

750 years - never

11.

The natural environment exploited by humans leads to.............

a)

Change in habitat

b)

Change in ecosystem

c)

Environmental degradation

d)

Changes in environment

12.

Bhopal gas tragedy occurs in which year?

a)

1982

b)

1983

c)

1984

d)

1985

13.

An example of Environmental sustainability is

a)

deforestation

b)

environmental degradation

c)

recycling

d)

footprint

14.

Which of the following is/are the main factor(s) responsible for the rapid rate deforestation?

a)

Rapid growth of population in the developing countries

b)

Extension of agriculture and grazing lands

c)

Rising demand for lumber, timber, paper, fuel-wood and charcoal, and other forest products.

d)

All of the above

15.

Can be traced back to the point of origin.

a)

Point Source Pollution

b)

Non-point source pollution

16.

Cannot easily be traced to the source of the pollution.

a)

Point Source Pollution

b)

Non-point source pollution

17.

Sewage

a)

Point Source

b)

Non-point source

18.

What are considered "the commons"

a)

Common house hold items like knifes, spoons, and forks.

b)

A renewable resource owned by no one and available for use by anyone at little or no charge

c)

A field where college students can sit outside in between classes

19.

The "Tragedy of The Commons" is...

a)

An economic issue where people do not have enough money to buy basic needs so they resort to stealing and breaking the law.

b)

A type of play where someone tragically dies or gets killed.

c)

Economic issue where individuals tend to take advantage of the natural resource and it becomes unavailable for everyone.

20.

Which of the following is an example of a solution to the tragedy of the commons?

a)

Improving literacy among urban populations

b)

Raising tax rates for large corporations

c)

Inventing stronger antibiotics

d)

Passing a law to set limits for fishermen

21.

The ____________________ school, led by naturalist John Muir, wanted wilderness areas on some public lands to be left untouched.

a)

conservationist

b)

preservationist

c)

reservist

d)

integrated

e)

Roosevelt

22.

Which of these Environmental Founders is credited with bringing the Preservationists and Conservationists together with a "duel approach"?

a)

Rachel Carson

b)

Aldo Leopold

c)

John Muir

d)

Theodore Roosevelt

e)

George Perkins Marsh

23.

Which Conservationist first questioned the idea that America's resources were inexhaustable?

a)

Aldo Leopold

b)

Theodore Roosevelt

c)

John Muir

d)

James Perkins Marsh

e)

Rachel Carson

24.

Whose influential book Silent Spring heightened public awareness of pollution problems and led to the regulation of several dangerous pesticides.

a)

Aldo Leopold

b)

Theodore Roosevelt

c)

Rachel Carson

d)

John Muir

e)

James Perkins Marsh

25.

Who was the Most Quoted Voice in the history of conservation, and in their writings, laid the groundwork for the field of environmental ethics?

a)

Aldo Leopold

b)

James Perkins Marsh

c)

John Muir

d)

Theodore Roosevelt

e)

Rachel Carson

26.

When is Earth Day?

a)

April 22

b)

June 22

c)

August 22

d)

December 22

27.
In what year did Earth Day begin?
a)
1950
b)
1960
c)
1970
d)
1980
28.

What is the purpose of Earth Day?

a)

To raise awareness about environmental issues

b)

To celebrate Earth by giving it a party

c)

To pollute more than average

d)

To give thanks to the founder

29.

EPAs primary goals include:

a)

enforce environmental standards

b)

conduct research

c)

combat pollution

d)

develop new policies

e)

all of the above

30.

In December 1970, EPA Agency officially opened in D.C.

a)

true

b)

false

c)

I do not know

d)

all of the above

31.
This is the federal organization that ensures that all Americans are protected against specific hazards to the environment and human health where they learn, work and live.
a)
Department of Energy
b)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
c)
Environmental Protection Agency
d)
Energy Policy Act
32.

In the ______________, there was a backlash against environmental laws and regulations, led by some who argued that environmental laws were hindering economic growth.

a)

1970s

b)

1980s

c)

early 20th century

d)

1600s

33.

Research by social scientists suggests that it takes ____ of the population of a community, a country, or the world to bring about major social and environmental change.

a)

1%

b)

5–10%

c)

about one-third

d)

about half

e)

85%

34.

Which of the following is not the biotic component of ecosystem

a)

Herbivores

b)

Consumers

c)

Soil

d)

Decomposer

e)

All the above

35.

Biotic can be defined as

a)

the living parts of an environment

b)

non-living parts of an environment

c)

rocks and water

d)

snakes and water

36.

Why are plants considered as producers?

a)

Plants convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (food).

b)

Plants produce root crops that supply carbohydrates to animals.

c)

Plants provide vegetable for animals and human consumption.

d)

Plants produce fruits that can be eaten by animals.

37.

 Animals that eat a variety of meats, fruits, and vegetables are

a)

producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

omnivores

d)

herbivores

38.
The study of the interaction of living and nonliving things in the environment.
a)
biology
b)
ecology
c)
zoology
d)
psychology
39.

In any food chain, the first trophic level is occupied by:

a)

Herbivores

b)

Secondary consumer

c)

Producers

d)

Keystone species

40.
An animal that eats other animals is a....
a)
carnivore
b)
omnivore
c)
herbivore
d)
decomposer
41.

What is an ecosystem??

a)

A group of organism of one species

b)

All the living and non-living things that interact in an area

c)

The study of the interaction between living organism and their environment

d)

Soil, water, air and sunliight

42.

A food chain and food web represents which level of the ecology model?

a)

biome

b)

ecosystem

c)

community

d)

population

43.

Which food chain is correct?

a. Plant -> carnivore -> herbivore -> omnivore -> predator

b. Plant -> herbivore -> omnivore -> carnivore -> predator

c. Producer -> omnivore -> herbivore -> omnivore -> predator

d. Producer -> carnivore -> carnivore -> omnivore -> predator

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

44.

How would you label the robin in the food chain below?

Oak tree → Caterpillar → Robin → Hawk

a)

producer

b)

secondary consumer

c)

primary consumer

d)

herbivore

45.

The percentage of Nitrogen in the atmosphere

a.       21%                                                          c. 78%

b.       80%                                                          d. 79%

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

46.

All of the nitrogen cycle processes are performed by

         

a)

decomposers

b)

plants

c)

animals

d)

bacteria

47.

Why is carbon such an important element?

a)

carbon is a key element in producing electricity

b)

without carbon the Sun would run out of energy

c)

carbon is the central element to all living organisms

d)

  All of the above

48.

Which part of the carbon cycle involves animals breathing in oxygen and out carbon dioxide?

a)

combustion

b)

respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

decay

49.

  Which part of the carbon cycle occurs when plants convert sunlight and C02 into oxygen and sugar?

a)

combustion

b)

decay

c)

respiration

d)

photosynthesis

50.

How has man influenced the carbon cycle and increased the amount of carbon in the atmosphere?

a)

burning oil

b)

burning coal

c)

cutting down trees

d)

all of the above

51.

What is the difference between populations and communities?

a)

A population is the different communities together in an ecosystem.

b)

A community is the different populations together in an ecosystem.

c)

A community is made of the same species within an ecosystem.

d)

A population is a number of organisms of the same species within an ecosystem

52.

Which of the following is NOT true about food webs?

a)

Energy transfers from predator to prey

b)

Arrows signify the movement of energy to consumer

c)

There can be many consumers that eat a to a producer

d)

There can be many producers that get eaten by a consumer

53.

Which classification gets energy from decomposition of dead organisms?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Carnivore

c)

Omnivore

d)

Detritivore

54.

Herbivores are referred to as ________ consumer.

a)

Secondary 

b)

Primary

c)

Tertiary

55.

A carnivore is referred to as a ________ consumer.

a)

Producer

b)

Primary

c)

Secondary

56.

Organisms only hold on to _____ percent of the energy they ingest.

a)

100

b)

10

c)

25

d)

55

57.
What is this called?
a)
Food Web
b)
Food Chain
c)
Abiotic Factors
d)
Biotic Factors
58.
Plankton that uses photosynthesis:
a)
Phytoplankton
b)
Zooplankton
59.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the
a)
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
b)
law of heat addition
c)
principle of entropy
d)
conservation of energy
60.

The 1st law of Thermodynamics

a)

Energy can not be created or destroyed. It just changes forms.

b)

Energy can only be created by the sun

c)

Some energy is lost to the environment.

61.

How do phosphates enter the soil and become available for plants to use?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

From fertilizers and rocks being broken down

c)

From the atmosphere

62.
The process of plants losing water through their leaves is called ____.
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
transpiration
d)
exhaling
63.
Which nutrient is not cycled through the atmosphere?
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorous
d)
water
64.

What is the largest reservoir for nitrogen?

a)

the ocean

b)

rocks and minerals

c)

the atmosphere

d)

bacteria

65.

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

a)

biodiversity

b)

demography

c)

carrying capacity

d)

poaching

66.

Which kind of diversity allows organisms on earth to adapt to and survive many changing environmental conditions?

a)

genetic diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

functional diversity

d)

ecosystem diversity

67.

Which habitat has the greatest species richness?

a)

boreal forest

b)

savannah

c)

short-grass prairie

d)

tropical rainforest

68.
The number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community.
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
extinction
d)
species diversity
69.

Having more diversity allows organisms and environments to...

a)

Respond to changes better

b)

Evolve and Adapt at a slower rate

c)

Become extinct

d)

All of these are correct

70.

What actions decrease biodiversity?

a)

Pollution

b)

Overpopulation

c)

Habitat Destruction / Loss

d)

Monocrop Farming / Mining / Overfishing / Over hunting

e)

All of these are correct

71.
Which of the following describes the importance of biodiversity to an ecosystem?
a)
a. People like to be able to see all the different plants and animals
b)
b. If there aren�t all the different species, there will be resources that aren�t being used
c)
c. Biodiversity is not as important as many people think
d)
d. Biodiversity can help minimize the effects of losing a species.
72.
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a)
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b)
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c)
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d)
d. Recreational hunting
73.

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

a)

Biodiversity

b)

Demography

c)

Carrying capacity

d)

Poaching

74.

Food Web B is an example of...

a)

Low biodiversity and low sustainability. If the producer dies then all the food web will suffer.

b)

High biodiversity and high sustainability. If an organism is removed the food web will continue with no effect.

75.
These dogs are all the same species, but they look very different from one another because of 
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
species diversity
d)
none of these are correct
76.

This type of organism east a wide variety of food and can live in a variety of environments

a)

Generalist Species

b)

Specilaist Species

c)

Invasive species

d)

Native species

77.

A Giant Panda has a highly specialized diet and can only live in very specific habitats. It can be considered a

a)

general species

b)

niche

c)

invasive species

d)

specialist species

78.
Kudzu has overgrown many parts of southern Missouri and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants
b)
A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu
c)
Competition occurring between the native and invasive species
d)
Commesalism occurring between the kudzo and native plants
79.
The role a plant or animal plays in its habitat
a)
paleontologist
b)
era
c)
camouflage
d)
niche
80.
These were released in Australia to eat cane beetles, but now they are an invasive species and number in the millions.
a)
dingo
b)
Kangaroo
c)
Cane toad
d)
Rabbits
81.
What is a native specie?
a)
A specie that is local and has lived in the same place
b)
A specie who has come from another state or country
c)
A specie that has no "home" and travels for its whole life
d)
None of the above
82.
The lack of natural predators makes populations of invasive species unmanageable?
a)
True
b)
False
83.

Invasive species [more than 1 answer]

a)

take over the habitat of other organisms

b)

increases the populations of native organisms

c)

destroy/decrease biodiversity

d)

improves/increases biodiversity

e)

cause the populations of native organisms to decrease

84.
What is the name of the alien species who have taken over native species?
a)
Native Species
b)
Alien Species
c)
Natural Species
d)
Invasive Species
85.

A species that is so important to an ecosystem, its removal would impact other trophic levels greatly.

a)

invasive

b)

keystone

c)

endangered

d)

indicator

86.

The role or job an organism has in an ecosystem

a)

indicator

b)

habitat

c)

niche

d)

keystone

87.

A species whose presence or absence tells scientists about the conditions or changes of the ecosystem

a)

parasite

b)

keystone

c)

endemic

d)

indicator

88.
Mistakes or changes that occur int he DNA sequence are called....
a)
adatations
b)
Darwinism
c)
mutations
d)
natural selection
89.
What is it called when an organism is best adapted to its environment, it will survive and reproduce more successfully than other organisms less adapted?
a)
cloning
b)
evolution of all species
c)
natural selection
d)
selective breeding
90.
The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called a(n)
a)
change
b)
adaption
c)
species
d)
variation
91.
Over time, adaptions can lead populations to experience 
a)
environmental changes
b)
genetic changes
c)
geological changes
d)
extinction
92.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
93.
In natural selection, the selective agent is the
a)
humans
b)
mutations
c)
breeders
d)
environment
94.

One of the biggest ways that a species evolves is because some organisms with some traits survive and reproduce better than others. This process is known as

a)

natural selection

b)

convergent evolution.

c)

coevolution

d)

sexual selection

95.

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce

a)

fewer mutations

b)

more offspring

c)

stronger gene

d)

better traits

96.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
97.
succession that occurs in an area where soil is already present
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
98.
the first organisms that appear in an ecological community
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
99.
a stable ecological community that has reached equilibrium
a)
ecological succession 
b)
climax community
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
100.
Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to ________________.
a)
primary
b)
secondary
c)
old field
d)
ecosystem
101.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

102.

Which of these is NOT an example of interspecific competition?

a)

Oysters and barnacles competing for settling space on the rocky shore

b)

Goats and sheep in the same paddock competing for grass

c)

Ferns and kawakawa competing for shaded locations in a forest

d)

Stags competing for mates

103.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

104.

a relationship between two species in which both species compete for limited resources such that both species are negatively affected by the relationship

a)

Symbiosis

b)

interspecific competition

c)

species richness

d)

species-area effect

105.

the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

a)

character displacement

b)

climax community

c)

resource partitioning

d)

pioneer species

106.
The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?
a)
As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.
b)
More abiotic resources are available for each bird.
c)
Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.
d)
There is less competition for food.
107.

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

108.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

apex predator

d)

parasitism

109.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.

a)

parasitism

b)

mutualism

c)

commensalism

d)

predation

110.

One organism hunts and eats another organism.

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

carnivore

d)

parasitism

111.

This occurs when niches overlap between species and they have to compete for resources.

a)

competition

b)

interspecific

c)

parasite

d)

intraspecies

112.

A ________________ is the natural home or environment of a plant, animal, or other organism.

a)

habitat

b)

symbiosis

c)

food chain

d)

intraspecies

113.

Leeches are organisms that live in ponds and feed on the blood of fish and other animals. They produce enzymes which cause the animal on which they feed to continue bleeding even after the leech is done feeding. What type of relationship does this describe?

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

d)

intraspecies

114.

Sharks consume (eat) smaller fish they catch in the ocean. Frogs catch and eat flying insects in ponds. What type of relationship is this?

a)

mutulism

b)

predation

c)

parasitism

d)

interspecific

115.

The Gobi fish and shrimp live closely together. The nearly blind shrimp keeps a burrow for it and the Gobi fish to live. The Gobi warns the shrimp of predators. The shrimp lets the fish live in the burrow. This is an example of

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

116.

Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. What type of interaction is this?

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

117.
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
a)
Predator
b)
Prey
c)
Competition
d)
Adaptation
118.

What is a limiting factor?

a)

Factors that always increase a population

b)

Factors that always decrease a population

c)

Resources that are unlimited

d)

Factors/resources that limit how many organisms can live in an area at the same time

119.

Which of these factors do not respond to the density of a population in an ecosystem?

a)

Density Dependent Limiting Factors

b)

Density Independent Limiting Factors

c)

Herbivory Effect

d)

Competition

120.
When a specific population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Density Independent limiting factors start to occur resulting in the population going farther above carrying capacity.
b)
Density Dependent limiting factors start to occur resulting in the population going back below carrying capacity.
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
121.
The total number of individuals a habitat can survive with the resources it has available.
a)
Carrying capacity
b)
Limiting factors
c)
Resources
d)
Population
122.
Excessive amounts of rain caused a flood in the southwest United States that resulted in substantial amounts of deaths in the rabbit population? This situation is an example of a density _____________ limiting factor.
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
c)
density- too high
d)
density- too low
123.

A lion and a cheetah attempt to occupy the same niche. The more aggressive lion survives; the cheetah does not.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

124.
An environmental factor such as storms and extreme heat or cold that decrease a population are considered to be. 
a)
density- dependent factor
b)
population density
c)
dispersion
d)
density- independent factor
125.

Long life span

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

126.

many years to reach reproductive maturity

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

127.

many offspring

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

128.

substantial parental care is given

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

129.

population growth rate is fast

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

130.

mice

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

131.

elephant

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

132.

mosquitos

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

133.

primates

a)

K-selected

b)

r-selected

134.
If an organism cannot survive the temperature in a particular environment, then that environment MUST
a)
have a temperature OUTSIDE of the organism's range of tolerance.
b)
have temperature within the organism's range of tolerance.
c)
be the organism's optimum environment.
d)
be too hot for the organism.
135.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
a)
The range of tolerance is within the optimum conditions.
b)
An optimum condition is within the range of tolerance.
c)
An optimum condition is outside the range of tolerance.
d)
The range of tolerance and the optimum condition are the same thing.
136.
What growth pattern describes a population whose growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth?
a)
logistic growth
b)
population growth
c)
exponential growth
d)
predator-prey cycle
137.
What type of growth is shown in the diagram?
a)
exponential growth
b)
logistic growth 
c)
predator-prey cycle
d)
boom-bust curve
138.

In logistic growth, where is competition for resources highest

a)

During the beginning of population growth

b)

As the population is increasing exponentially

c)

When the population has reached its carrying capcity

139.
When organisms move out of the population, this is known as
a)
emigration
b)
abandonment
c)
immigration
d)
succession
140.

______________ means moving into a population.

a)

Immigration

b)

Emmigration

c)

Plantation

d)

Repopulation

141.

Which contribute to a positive population growth?

a)

immigration

b)

positive birth rate

c)

emigration

d)

positive death rate

142.

A group of animals from the same species living in the same area is called a

a)

population

b)

group

c)

habitat

d)

ecosystems

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