Model of the universe in which the moon, sun and known planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) move around Earth.

The first accurate measurement of the size of Earth was made by

The path of an object as it moves around another object in space.

The heliocentric model of the universe stated that

Aristotle concluded that Earth was round because

In the model proposed by Ptolemy

Using Tycho Brahe's data, which scientist proposed three laws of planetary motion?

What is the shape of a planet's orbit?

Which scientist determined the nature of the forces that keep the planets in their orbits?

Which scientist was the first to use the telescope in astronomy?

Which scientist discovered that Venus has phases, just like the moon?

The Greek philosopher Aristotle concluded that Earth was round because

The geocentric model of the universe stated that

Which Greek was the first to discover the apparent backwards, or retrograde motion of some planets?

Aristarchus was the first Greek to propose a sun-centered, or ________ universe.

Using Tycho Brahe's data, which scientist proposed three laws of planetary motion?

The scientist that first proposed a model of the solar system with the sun at the center.

What is the shape of a planet's orbit?

The true shape of planetary orbits was discovered by

Who developed the Law of Universal Gravitation?

Which of the following was NOT discovered by Galileo?

The motion of a body, such as a planet or moon, along its orbit around some point in space.

The moon is closest to Earth at

The moon phase shown in the picture is a

The diagram shows a

The diagram shows a

The density of the moon is comparable to that of mantle rocks on Earth.

Splash marks on the moon that radiate outwards for hundreds of kilometers.

Long channels on the moon similar to valleys or trenches.

Which lunar feature is labeled with the letter A?

Which lunar feature is labeled with the letter C?

The accepted theory of the moon's origin is that a body the size of Mars impacted Earth as the solar system was forming.

A soil-like layer of igneous rock, glass beads, and fine lunar dust.

Maria originated when asteroids punctured the moon's surface, letting magma "bleed" out.

Most craters on the moon were produced by volcanic activity.

Ancient Greek mathematician who calculated the circumference of the Earth.

Proposed that Earth was round based on the shadow it cast during a lunar eclipse.

Discovered that Venus has phases just like the moon.

Discovered three laws of planetary motion, the elliptical orbits of planets, and the astronomical unit (AU).

Developed the Law of Universal Gravitation that explained the gravitational attraction between objects in the universe.

First astronomer to have the use of a telescope.

Modern astronomer who concluded that Earth is a planet and proposed a solar system with the sun at the center.

Studied planets for 20 years without the use of a telescope, yet made very precise observations of Mars.

Greek astronomer who explained retrograde motion with his epicycle model of planetary orbits.

Discovered sunspots and that the moon's surface is not smooth.

All planets in our solar system revolve around the sun in the same direction.

The shape of a planet's orbit around the sun is a(n)

​ ​ ​ Which of the following is NOT a terrestrial planet?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Jovian planets?

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the solar system?

Which planet has a cratered surface similar to Earth's moon?

The planet with the greatest temperature extremes.

Which planet shows evidence of water erosion?

Which planet has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere and high surface temperatures?

How many known satellites does Mars have?

The atmosphere of Venus is composed primarily of

Olympus Mons, a volcano the size of Ohio, is found on

Which of the following planets does NOT have rings?

Which planet, when viewed through a telescope, appears as a reddish ball interrupted by some permanent dark regions that change intensity?

Which planet is second only to the moon in brightness in our night sky?

The largest planet in the solar system, with a mass that is 2.5x greater than the mass of all the other planets and moons combined.

Its four largest moons - Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto - were discovered by Galileo in 1610.

Its largest moon - Titan - is bigger than Mercury and has its own atmosphere.

It's most prominent feature is its ring system, containing more than 20 separate rings.

Instead of being perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, like the other planets, its axis of rotation lies nearly parallel with the plane of its orbit.

Its atmosphere includes winds exceeding 1000 km/hr.

A celestial body in its own orbit around the sun, yet not big enough to be considered a planet.

The most well-known dwarf planet, which takes 248 Earth years to complete one orbit around the sun.

A dwarf planet the same size as Pluto that was discovered in 2005.

Which of Jupiter's moons is one of the four known volcanically active bodies in our solar system?

The arrangement of electromagnetic radiation according to their wavelengths and frequencies.

All electromagnetic waves travel through space at the same speed.

All electromagnetic waves travel through space at the same frequency.

Which of the following has the highest frequency?

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

When a wave source is moving toward or away from an object, the wavelength changes, a phenomenon know as the _____.

Visible light from an object that is moving away from you shifts toward

In astronomy, the Doppler effect is used to determine whether a star is moving away from or toward Earth.

Produced when visible light is passed through a relatively cool gas under low pressure. The gas absorbs certain wavelengths of light. Appears as a continuous spectrum with a series of black lines running through it.

The arrangement of electromagnetic waves according to their wavelengths and frequencies is called the

Which of the following energy types is NOT found on the electromagnetic spectrum?

T or F: Different electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum at different speeds.

Particles of light are called _____.

The study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength.

When a wave source is moving toward or away from an object, the wavelength changes, a phenomena known as the

As a sound source approaches an observer...

As a light source moes away from an observer...

A _____ telescope uses a lens to bend light.

Astronomers usually study an image from a telescope by first photographing the image.

Most large optical telescopes are reflecting telescopes.

A _____ telescope uses a concave mirror to focus the light in front of the mirror.

A _____ telescope focuses incoming radio waves on an antenna, which absorbs and transmits those waves to an amplifier, just like a radio antenna.

Radio telescopes are much less affected by clouds and weather than optical telescopes.

____ telescopes are useable 24 hours a day, not just at night.

The first space telescope was called the _____ telescope.

____ telescopes orbit above Earth's atmosphere and produce clearer images than Earth-based telescopes.

Some telescopes are able to gather data by detecting x-rays.

A _______ uses a lens to bend or refract light.

The main difference between a reflecting telescope and a refracting telescope is that reflecting telescopes us a(n) _______ to focus the incoming light.

Which of the following types of invisible radiation from space can be detected from Earth's surface?

Space telescopes produce clearer images that telescopes on earth because...

Which was the first space telescope?

T or F: Astronomers usually study an object by looking directly through a telescope.

T or F: Most large optical telescopes are reflectors.

T or F: A radio telescope works in a similar way to a radio antenna.

T or F: Refracting telescopes suffer from an optical defect called chromatic aberration.

The four main parts of the sun are the solar interior, the visible surface (photosphere), the chromosphere, and the _____.

The layer of the sun that radiates most of the sunlight we can see.

The outermost part of the sun's atmosphere.

The relatively thin layer of the sun's atmosphere that can be observed during a total solar eclipse.

A dark region on the surface of the photosphere.

Brief bright outbursts, lasting about an hour, and are associated with sunspot clusters.

Another name for the northern and southern lights is _____.

The sun produces energy through nuclear fission.

When four hydrogen nuclei are converted into the nucleus of a helium atom.

Different parts of the sun rotate at different speeds.

The source of the sun's energy is

The innermost layer of the sun's atmosphere, which is the visible surface of the sun.

Middle layer of the sun's atmosphere. Visible only during a solar eclipse.

The outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere, only visible during a solar eclipse. Gradually thins into the solar wind.

A stream of electrically charged particles that flows outward from the sun through the solar system.

Areas of gas in the photosphere that are cooler than the surrounding gases. Although they are large, they appear as small, dark-looking regions on the sun's surface.

Huge loops of gas that erupt from sunspot regions, extending upwards as far as the corona.

A sudden release of energy from the sun that erupts near sunspots.

The three main forms of energy released by solar flares are