wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Ecology Practice: Terms & Ideas

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is biodiversity?

a)

individuals of the same species living in the same time and place

b)

the variety of life in a given area

c)

ALL of the LIVING THINGS that interact in the same time and place

d)

the interactions between living and non-living things in the same time and place

2.

What is a population?

a)

individuals of the same species living in the same time and place

b)

the variety of life in a given area

c)

ALL of the LIVING THINGS that interact in the same time and place

d)

the interactions between living and non-living things in the same time and place

3.

What is a community?

a)

individuals of the same species living in the same time and place

b)

the variety of life in a given area

c)

ALL of the LIVING THINGS that interact in the same time and place

d)

the interactions between living and non-living things in the same time and place

4.

What is an ecosystem?

a)

individuals of the same species living in the same time and place

b)

the variety of life in a given area

c)

ALL of the LIVING THINGS that interact in the same time and place

d)

the interactions between living and non-living things in the same time and place

5.

What is parasitism?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

both species benefit in this

type of interaction

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

species

interaction in

which one animal

kills another to

consume them

for energy

6.

What is commensalism?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

both species benefit in this

type of interaction

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

species interaction in which one

benefits and the other is neither

harmed nor helped

7.

What is an invasive species?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

a non-native

species that

causes harm

to the

environment

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

factors that affect the size of a

population, regardless of

population density

8.

What are density-dependent limiting factors?

a)

factors that affect

the size of the

population in

response to the

density of the

population

b)

factors that affect the size of a

population, regardless of

population density

c)

the largest

number of

individuals a

given

environment

can support

d)

large scale

shifts in

climate and

temperature

driven by

human

activities

9.

What are density-independent limiting factors?

a)

factors that affect

the size of the

population in

response to the

density of the

population

b)

factors that affect the size of a

population, regardless of

population density

c)

the largest

number of

individuals a

given

environment

can support

d)

large scale

shifts in

climate and

temperature

driven by

human

activities

10.

What is climate change?

a)

factors that affect

the size of the

population in

response to the

density of the

population

b)

factors that affect the size of a

population, regardless of

population density

c)

the largest

number of

individuals a

given

environment

can support

d)

large scale

shifts in

climate and

temperature

driven by

human

activities

11.

What is carrying capacity?

a)

factors that affect

the size of the

population in

response to the

density of the

population

b)

factors that affect the size of a

population, regardless of

population density

c)

the largest

number of

individuals a

given

environment

can support

d)

large scale

shifts in

climate and

temperature

driven by

human

activities

12.

What is predation?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

both species benefit in this

type of interaction

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

species

interaction in

which one animal

kills another to

consume them

for energy

13.

What is mutualism?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

both species benefit in this

type of interaction

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

species

interaction in

which one animal

kills another to

consume them

for energy

14.

What is competition?

a)

one organism

benefits

while the other is

harmed, but

usually doesn’t die.

b)

both species benefit in this

type of interaction

c)

species

interaction

in which

both are

harmed

d)

species

interaction in

which one animal

kills another to

consume them

for energy

15.

What are abiotic factors?

a)

the living elements in

an ecosystem

b)

the non-living elements in

an ecosystem

c)

animals

d)

plants

16.

What are biotic factors?

a)

the living elements in

an ecosystem

b)

the non-living elements in

an ecosystem

c)

water

d)

rocks

17.

What is exponential growth?

a)

the rate of

growth increases over time,

regardless of

population

size

b)

the rate of growth

slows as the

population

increases,

eventually reaching

carrying capacity

c)

when numbers decline due to limiting factors

d)

a word to explain how populations decrease

18.

What is logistic growth?

a)

the rate of

growth increases over time,

regardless of

population

size

b)

the rate of growth

slows as the

population

increases,

eventually reaching

carrying capacity

c)

when numbers decline due to limiting factors

d)

a word to explain how populations decrease

19.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
20.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
21.

Ecology is the study of:

a)

only the living things in the environment

b)

only the nonliving things in the environment

c)

how living things interact with each other and the nonliving things in the environment

d)

scientists who perform research on living things

22.

What term do ecologists use to describe where an animal lives (an animal’s home)?

a)

Ecosystem

b)

Ecologist

c)

Habitat

d)

Population

23.

What is a species?

a)

Different animals that compete for the same resources

b)

A group of similar organisms that can reproduce with each other

c)

A group of organisms that live together

d)

A group of organisms that are physically and functionally very different from each other

24.

Which of the following is an example of a living thing?

a)

A bacterium

b)

A shell

c)

Water

d)

Sweat

25.

Which of the following is NOT a nonliving thing? (which one is living?)

a)

Sun

b)

Rocks

c)

Milk

d)

Wood

26.

What type of organism can make its own food?

a)

A producer (an autotroph)

b)

A consumer (a heterotroph)

c)

A decomposer

d)

All of the above

27.

Organisms that can make their own food do so by the process of:

a)

decomposition

b)

respiration

c)

photosynthesis

d)

scavenging

28.

What type of consumer eats plants?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Carnivore

d)

Both herbivore and omnivore

29.

What is a food chain?

a)

A representation of an organism’s life cycle

b)

A way to show the feeding relationships between organisms

c)

The sequence of events that occurs during photosynthesis

d)

A way to show how animals interact with nonliving parts of the environment

30.

The first organism in a food chain is ALWAYS a:

a)

producer

b)

consumer

c)

decomposer

d)

Any of the above

31.

How much energy is transferred between trophic levels?

a)

25%

b)

20%

c)

10%

d)

90%

32.

What is a niche?

a)

The habitat that an organism lives in

b)

An organism’s “role” in an ecosystem

c)

A type of consumer

d)

The relationship between a producer and consumer

33.

What happens when different species try to occupy the same niche?

a)

The species compete with each other

b)

The species cooperate with each other

c)

The species coexist with each other

d)

All of the above

34.

In what type of relationship do both organisms benefit from the relationship?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Predation

35.
In the energy pyramid below, which organism has the least amount of energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Herbivores
c)
Carnivores
d)
Top Predator
36.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
37.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
38.
A secondary consumer 
a)
eats primary consumers
b)
eats producers
c)
eats plants
39.

What amount of percentage does the energy decrease as it goes up the pyramid?

a)

100%

b)

1000%

c)

10%

d)

1%

40.
a system of food chains that shows the transfer of energy  is termed
a)
food web
b)
food chain
c)
prey
d)
predator
41.

What would happen within a few months after the formation of a volcanic island?

a)

pioneer species would grow

b)

no pioneer species would grow

c)

trees and large plants would grow

d)

rich, organic soil would be present

42.

The monkey would be a

a)

decomposer

b)

producer

c)

primary consumer

d)

secondary consumer

43.

Introduced species disrupt ecosystems because they are a/an

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Endemic Species

c)

Invasive Species

d)

Native Species

44.

Which is an example of where primary succession could occur?

a)

a glacier melts and exposes new rocks

b)

natural fire burns a prairie

c)

a corn field is abandoned and left to overgrow

d)

flood covers a piece of land

45.

These organisms are often not shown in a food chain, but are important for recycling nutrients

a)

producers

b)

decomposers

c)

primary consumers

d)

carnivores

46.

A lion that eats a zebra that eats grass is a

a)

primary consumer

b)

secondary consumer

c)

tertiary consumer

d)

quaternary consumer

47.

Which group of algae contains the larges species of seaweed, including kelp and sargasso?

a)

red algae

b)

green algae

c)

purple algae

d)

brown algae

48.

Sea otter fur is the densest fur of any animal

a)

True

b)

False

49.

When otters are removed from an ecosystem..

a)

The urchin population rises

b)

The kelp population drops

c)

The kelp gets eaten more quickly than it can regrow

d)

All of the answers occur

50.

Kelp's role in the ecosystem is a...

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

decomposer

51.

An urchin's role in the ecosystem is a...

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

decomposer

52.

An otter's role in the ecosystem is a...

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

decomposer

53.

Which of the following will destroy a kelp forest if the ecosystem is unbalanced...

a)

kelp

b)

otter

c)

sea urchin

d)

carbon dioxide

54.

A gas plants need to survive, but too much in the Earth's atmosphere can cause global warming...

a)

kelp

b)

otter

c)

sea urchin

d)

carbon dioxide

55.

How do kelp forests help prevent climate change?

a)

Absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

b)

Filter pollutants out of the water

c)

Provide breeding grounds for many species

d)

Absorb oxygen from the atmosphere

56.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

57.

The process in which nitrogen circulates and is recycled is called

a)

The nitrogen cycle

b)

The carbon cycle

c)

The water cycle

d)

The phosphorus cycle

58.

Organisms that need nitrogen to survive.

a)

only plants

b)

only animals

c)

only bacteria

d)

all living things

59.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

60.

Gas that makes up 78% of our atmosphere.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Carbon Dioxide

61.

What is the process of combining nitrogen gas with other elements to make nitrogen into usable compounds?

a)

nitrogen composition

b)

nitrogen fixation

c)

ammonia

d)

denitrification

62.

What is the formula for atmospheric nitrogen?

a)

N

b)

N2

c)

NH3

d)

NO3

63.

Plants and animals cannot use nitrogen directly from the air.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

According to this diagram, plants use nitrogen to make _________________________

a)

bacteria

b)

animals

c)

proteins

d)

decomposers

65.

A correct path that nitrogen could take would be

a)

air -> animals -> plants -> bacteria

b)

animals -> air -> bacteria -> plants

c)

bacteria -> air -> plants -> animals

d)

air -> bacteria -> plants -> animals

66.

Bacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form plants can use.

a)

True

b)

False

67.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
68.
How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?
a)
respiration and photosynthesis
b)
 decomposition and respiration
69.
Which of the following add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?
a)
volcanoes
b)
combustion of fossil fuels
c)
animal and plant respiration
d)
all of these
70.
Organisms that do not decompose can be buried and become what?
a)
water
b)
nutrients
c)
air
d)
fossil fuels
71.

Through food chains, the carbon that is in plants moves to the animals that eat them. When an animal eats another animal, carbon is ___________________.

a)

released

b)

transferred

c)

dissolved

d)

gone

72.

Which process contributes carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

a)

respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

tree farms

73.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
74.

Respiration is the process by which animals take in _____ and release _____ to make energy. 

a)
photosynthesis, air
b)
carbon, oxygen
c)
oxygen
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
75.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
76.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
77.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)

CO+ light + H2O --> O+ glucose

b)

CO+ glucose + H2O --> O+ light

c)

O+ light + H2O --> CO+ Glucose

d)

CO+ O2 + H2O --> light + glucose

78.

Cellular Respiration involves the chemical breakdown of _____ to form ATP Energy

a)

Fats

b)

Fructose

c)

Glucose

d)

Proteins

79.
Which of the following is an organism that eats only meat?
a)
herbivore
b)
carnivore
c)
omnivore
80.
These are different groups of organisms that belong to the same species (Example: rats, rabbits, snakes)
a)
Population
b)
Community
c)
Producers
d)
Consumers
81.
When a plant is eaten by a grasshopper, the grasshopper is called
a)
Producer
b)
Primary consumer
c)
Secondary consumer
d)
Tertiary consumer
82.
When a plant is eaten by a caterpillar and the caterpillar is eaten by a frog, and the frog is eaten by a snake, the snake belongs to
a)
Producer
b)
Primary consumer
c)
Secondary consumer
d)
Tertiary consumer
83.
All of the different populations that live in a specific area.
a)
ecosystem
b)
habitat
c)
ecology
d)
community
84.
The place where an organism lives that provides it with shelter, food and water.
a)
ecosystem
b)
population
c)
community
d)
habitat
85.
All the members of one type of species in a specific area.
a)
habitat
b)
community
c)
population
d)
ecosystme
86.
All of the different populations that live in a specific area.
a)
community
b)
habitat
c)
ecosystem
d)
village
87.

Philosophical branch that seeks to define what is right, what is wrong, & why.

a)

Equity

b)

Ethics

c)

Economics

d)

Equality

88.

An individual/ company's duties to limit damage to the natural environment.

a)

anthropocentrism

b)

environmental responsibility

c)

biocentrism

d)

moral value

89.

Anthropocentrism:

a)

Human-centered ethics

b)

Life-centered ethics

c)

Ecosystem-centered ethics

d)

Corporate-centered ethics

90.

Ecocentrism:

a)

Human-centered ethics

b)

Life-centered ethics

c)

Ecosystem-centered ethics

d)

Corporate-centered ethics

91.

Biocentrism:

a)

Human-centered ethics

b)

Life-centered ethics

c)

Ecosystem-centered ethics

d)

Corporate-centered ethics

92.

Which one of the following choices involves an ethical decision?

a)

Deciding to buy the cheaper of two similar items.

b)

Determining which one of two pieces of art is the best.

c)

Deciding whether or not to allow trophy hunting of elephants which provides food and income for locals

d)

All of these are ethical decisions.

93.

Stresses a balance between resource use and resource availability.

a)

preservation ethic

b)

conservation ethic

c)

industrial ecology

d)

deep ecology

94.

Which type of symbiosis involves both species benefitting? +/+

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

95.

Which type of symbiosis involves one species benefitting while the other is harmed? +/-

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

96.

Which type of symbiosis involves one species benefitting while the other is unaffected? +/0

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

97.

Form of pollution in which high-level consumers accumulate large concentrations of harmful substances is called:

a)

Biomagnification

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Extinction

d)

Habitat Fragmentation

98.

The collective mass of all living things in a particular area or at a specific trophic level of an ecosystem is known as...

a)

Population Size

b)

Biomagnification

c)

Biomass

d)

Apex Trophism

99.

Which organism in the food web shown to the right would

contain the lowest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

100.
Which animal is the apex predator?
a)
hawk
b)
lizard
c)
snake
d)
grass
101.

The phenomenon by which toxins concentrate in the organisms at higher trophic levels within an ecosystem is known as...

a)

Biotoxicity

b)

Biomagnification

c)

Eutrophication

d)

Predation

102.

Toxin concentrations _____________ as you go up the food chain.

a)

do not change

b)

increase

c)

decrease

103.

Each step or level in a food chain or food web.

a)

trophic level

b)

trophic cascade

c)

food web

d)

food chain

104.

The role or job of an organism in an ecosystem.

a)

Predator

b)

Prey

c)

Predation

d)

Niche