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Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body

a)

Anterior

b)

superior

c)

posterior

d)

Inferior

2.

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper.

a)

Anterior

b)

Posterior

c)

Superior

d)

Inferior

3.

Divides body into top and bottom portions (superior-head; inferior-feet)

a)

Medial Plane

b)

Sagittal

c)

Proximal 

d)

Transverse Plane

4.

The carpal region is distal to the digital region.

a)

True

b)

False

5.

Directional term that means toward the midline.

a)

lateral

b)

medial

c)

occipital

d)

femoral

6.

The arrow is pointing to which side of the dog?

a)

cranial

b)

caudal

c)

ventral

d)

dorsal

7.

The arrow is pointing to which side of the dog?

a)

cranial

b)

caudal

c)

ventral

d)

dorsal

8.

Match the following

a)

Abdominal

1.

Stomach

b)

Digital

2.

Finger/Toes

c)

Patellar

3.

Kneecap

d)

Antecubital

4.

Anterior forearm

e)

Femoral

5.

Thigh

9.
Anatomy is the study of? 
a)
The "function" of body parts 
b)
The "structure" between body parts
10.
A group of similar cells form____________.
a)
Organs
b)
Organ system
c)
Tissue
d)
Organism
11.
Away from midline
a)
Lateral
b)
Distal
c)
Superior
d)
Transverse
12.

Which of the following is the outermost layer of skin?

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

hypodermis

d)

hyperdermis

13.

What is the dark pigment which gives skin its color?

a)

melatonin

b)

keratin

c)

melanin

d)

vitamin D

14.

Nails are composed of a protein called

a)

melanin

b)

keratin

c)

proline

d)

cytosine

15.

Identify structure number 2.

a)

hypodermis

b)

dermis

c)

dermal papillae

d)

epidermis

16.

Identify structure 17

a)

hyperdermis

b)

hypodermis

c)

epidermis

d)

dermis

17.
The human skeleton can be subdivided into two parts, what part is made up of the skull, sternum, vertebral column and rib cage?
a)
appendicular
b)
axial
18.
Name the bone located at number  8
a)
Humerus
b)
Radius
c)
Fibula
d)
Tibia
19.

the elbow is _____ to the fingers

a)

distal

b)

superficial

c)

deep

d)

proximal

20.

the knee is ____ to the thigh

a)

proximal

b)

distal

c)

lateral

d)

ventral

21.

Actions of Muscle...lets see what we can figure out before we learn them officially (add to your notes when the question is over)

a)

Flexion

1.

Decrease the angle between bones

b)

Extension

2.

Increase the angle between bones

c)

Rotation

3.

Spinning a bone on an axis.

d)

Abduction

4.

Taking a bone away from the midline

e)

Adduction

5.

Moving a bone toward the midline

22.

Where is oxytocin (aka the love hormone) produced?

a)

 Hyperthyroidism

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

hydrocortisone

d)

Hypothyroidism

23.

What do muscles use for energy?

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

Carbohydrates

d)

Cells

24.

Which type of muscle is the weakest muscle tissue?

a)

Skeletal

b)

Cardiac

c)

Smooth

25.

What are some functions of skeletal muscles?

a)

Flexes wrist and fingers

b)

Pull limbs together

c)

Roll wrist over

d)

All of the above

26.

What are the three primary functions of the nervous system?

a)

Somatic, autonomic, voluntary

b)

Sensory input, integration, motor output

c)

Sugar, spice, everything nice

d)

Send, interpret, action

27.

What are the two subdivisions of the motor division of the PNS?

a)

Brain & Spinal Cord

b)

Ischemic & Hemorrhagic

c)

White Matter & Gray Matter

d)

Somatic & Autonomic

28.

Which gland is ductless and its products travel in the blood to target cells or organs?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Exocrine

29.

Which of the following bones forms the kneecap joint?

a)

femur

b)

patella

c)

fibula

d)

tibia

30.
A prokaryotic organism has no nucleus and?
a)
Is uni-cellular
b)
Is multi-cellular
c)
Is a menion
31.
The Esophagus is an organ that connects?
a)
The mouth to the stomach
b)
mouth to the small intestine
c)
stomach to the large intestine
32.
The large intestine is responsible for?
a)
absorption of water
b)
absorption of food
c)
making chyme
33.
What type of acid is in the stomach?
a)
HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
b)
NaCl (Table salt)
c)
NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
34.
The Liver is responsible for?
a)
Store bile
b)
Produce bile
c)
creates enzymes
35.
The Pancreas is responsible for?
a)
Creating enzymes for digestion
b)
Regulating the sugar levels in your body
c)
Both A & B
d)
Neither A & B
36.
These cells have a nucleus.
a)
Eukaryotic 
b)
Prokaryotic
c)
Parasite 
37.
Physiology is the study of
a)
The "function" of the body parts
b)
The "structure" of the body and organs
38.

In negative feedback mechanisms, changes away from the normal state

a)

stimulate changes in the same direction

b)

inhibit all body reactions

c)

stimulate changes in the opposite direction

d)

stimulate a reduction in all requirements of the body

39.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
40.
The cell below is in a _________ solution.
a)
Hypotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Isotonic
41.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
42.

_____________ is the free movement of particles across the membrane with the concentration gradient

a)

diffusion

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

fusion

43.

Passive Transport is the movement of particles across the membrane from an area of [ ___ ] to an area of [ ___ ]

a)

high to low

b)

low to high

c)

low to low

d)

high to high

44.
Hydrophilic means...
a)
water-loving
b)
water-fearing
c)
nonpolar
d)
lipid soluble
45.
The function of the plasma membrane is....
a)
to regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
b)
fight bacteria and viruses that enter the cell.
c)
provide rigid support and protection to the cell.
d)
make sure each cell can move
46.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Facilitated Diffusion
c)

Active Transport

d)
Osmosis
47.

Which body system uses acids to break down food into smaller molecules that your body can use?

a)

cardiovascular

b)

respiratory

c)

digestive

d)

nervous

48.

The main function of which of these body systems is to create voluntary movement, such as walking, and involuntary movement, such as shivering?

a)

digestice

b)

excretory

c)

cardiovascular

d)

muscular

49.

Your __________ is the central organ in your cardiovascular system.

a)

brain

b)

heart

c)

spine

d)

lung

50.

Which function do the ribs have in the skeletal system?

a)

Connect the skull and spinal column.

b)

Allow easy movement of the upper body.

c)

Protect the heart and lungs.

d)

Support the head and neck.

51.

Which of the following are fragments that help stop bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged?

a)

Leukocytes

b)

Platelets

c)

Erythrocytes

d)

Mast Cells

52.

When you damage a blood vessel what is the first thing that happens?

a)

Vasoconstriction

b)

Platelet plug formation

c)

Coagulation

d)

Release of extra Leukocytes

53.

What color is your blood without oxygen?

a)

Dark Red

b)

Blue

c)

Scarlet Red

d)

Magenta

54.
Which blood type is the UNIVERSAL DONOR?
a)
O+
b)
O-
c)
AB+
d)
AB-
55.
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
a)
AB+ 
b)
AB-
c)
O+
d)
O-
56.

Match the organelle with its correct function.

a)
1.

Stores and Protects DNA

b)
2.

Builds Proteins

c)
3.

Generates energy for the cell

d)
4.

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

e)
5.

Packages up proteins to be shipped out of the cell

57.

Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?

(a)  

58.

Is this a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?

(a)  

59.

Which of the following BEST describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

a)

The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, with a hydrophobic interior and a hydrophilic exterior.

b)

The plasma membrane is a protein bilayer, with a few lipids and carbohydrates scattered throughout.

c)

The main component of the plasma membrane are protein channels, which control what goes in / out of the cell.

d)

The plasma membrane is composed of several layers of carbohydrates, which control passive and active transport.

60.
What structure of the cell forms a frame that holds the cell up in the cytoplasm?
a)
centrioles 
b)
cell wall 
c)
flagella 
d)
cytoskeleton 
61.

These tail-like structures aid in locomotion of some bacteria and some eukaryotic cells.

a)

cytoskeleton

b)

flagella

c)

cilia

d)

ribosomes

62.

Which organelle in animals cells gets rid of worn-out cell parts?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Vesicles

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Nucleus

63.

Which organelle contains DNA and controls the cell?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Nucleus

d)

Vesicles

64.

The fluid that surrounds the organelles is...

a)

chloroplast

b)

cytoplasm

c)

vacuole

d)

cell wall

65.

Which organelle is important for the production of proteins?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Vesicles

66.

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA

a)

DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses sugar ribose

b)

DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

c)

DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

d)

DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

67.

A string of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein

a)

Ribose

b)

Amino Acids

c)

tRNA

d)

Gene

68.

Proteins are important for all of the following except...

a)

building structures like mucsles

b)

helping the immune system

c)

speeding up reactions

d)

coding for your traits

69.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
70.
The process of going from DNA to mRNA is called
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
71.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
72.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
73.

Which of the following elements are found in all macromolecules? (Select all that apply).

a)
b)
c)
d)
74.

Which macromolecule is used as our main source of energy?

a)

Lipids/Fats

b)

Nucleic Acids

c)

Proteins

d)

Carbohydrates

75.

What COLOR is the "Enzyme" in this picture?

a)

Green

b)

Blue

c)

Black

76.

Match the following

a)
1.

carbohydrate

b)
2.

lipid

c)
3.

protein

77.

Match the MACROMOLECULES and their MONOMERS.

Hint: Monomer = a single unit

a)

carbohydrate

1.

monosaccharide

b)

lipid

2.

fatty acid & glycerol

c)

protein

3.

amino acid

d)

nucleic acid

4.

nucleotide

78.

Match the following MONOMERS and MACROMOLECULES

a)
1.

Nucleic Acid

b)
2.

Protein

c)
3.

Lipid

d)
4.

Carbohydrate

79.

An enzyme is a ______________.

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

nucleic acid

d)

protein

80.

Which macromolecule gives LONG-TERM energy?

a)

lipid

b)

carbohydrate

c)

nucleic acid

81.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
82.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
83.
What 3 letters do enzymes typically end in?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
84.
Which of the following tissues binds everything together?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle 
d)
Nervous
85.
Which of the following tissues lines the interior and exterior of organs?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle 
d)
Nervous
86.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that contract when stimulated?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle 
d)
Nervous
87.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that conduct impulses?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle 
d)
Nervous
88.

What tissue is this?

a)

Muscle

b)

Epithelial

c)

Nervous

d)

Connective

89.
a)

simple columnar

b)

simple cuboidal

c)

simple squamous

d)

stratified cuboidal

90.
Identify:
a)
Areolar
b)
Smooth Muscle
c)
Transitional
d)
Simple Squamous
91.
Identify:
a)
Pseudostratified
b)
Smooth Muscle
c)
Transitional
d)
Stratified Squamous
92.

What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?

a)

antibodies

b)

lymph nodes

c)

white blood cells

d)

the skin

93.

This type of cell inspects cells for antigens and kills any cells that display the foreign antigens.

a)

Macrophage

b)

T Cells

c)

B Cells

94.

An increase in body temperature when sick.

a)

infection

b)

fever

c)

skin

95.

CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART:

a)

VEINS

b)

ARTERIES

c)

CAPILLARIES

96.

CARRY BLOOD TO THE HEART

a)

VEINS

b)

ARTERIES

c)

CAPILLARIES

97.

What is the main reproductive organ in females? What hormone does it secrete?

a)

Testes: Oestrogen

b)

Testes: Testosterone

c)

Ovaries: Oestrogen

d)

Ovaries: Testosterone

98.

What is the function of the human male reproductive system?

a)

grow and develop baby

b)

produce egg and deliver egg to female

c)

internal fertilization

d)

produce sperm and deliver sperm to female

99.

What is the main reproductive organ in males? What hormone does it secrete?

a)

Testes: Oestrogen

b)

Testes: Testosterone

c)

Ovaries: Oestrogen

d)

Ovaries: Testosterone

100.

What is the periodic shedding of tissues and blood from the inner lining of the

uterus?

a)

menopause

b)

ovulation

c)

pregnancy

d)

menstruation

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