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Regents Review #2

Total questions: 171

Worksheet time: 3hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A student designed an experiment to determine if air temperature had an effect on the rate of photosynthesis in corn plants. The Independent variable (what "I" am testing) in this experiment is

a)

the air temperature at which the corn plants were grown

b)

amount of carbon dioxide used by the corn plants

c)

volume of oxygen produced by the corn plants

d)

number of corn plants used

2.

The photographs below are side-by-side images of twins A and B with identical genetic information. Twin A is a nonsmoker, while twin B is a longtime smoker. The best explanation for the differences in the appearance of the twins is that

a)

the expression of genes is influenced by the environment

b)

the twins have different genetic information

c)

the twins have different diets

d)

the twins have different exercise routines

3.

A stable ecosystem can have high biodiversity because each species in that ecosystem

a)

occupies a different niche (a niche is a special job)

b)

inhabits a different environment

c)

lives in a different biosphere

d)

is part of a different community

4.

Stability within an ecosystem is achieved partially by the presence of organisms that break down important molecules and make them available for other organisms to use. These organisms are

a)

decomposers

b)

plants

c)

herbivores

d)

scavengers

5.

Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?

a)

Present-day species developed from earlier, different species

b)

Both animals have identical genetic information

c)

Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive

d)

Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation

6.

Single-celled organisms are able to maintain homeostasis, even though they lack higher levels of organization such as organs and organ systems because

a)

cell structures work together to maintain homeostasis in single-celled organisms

b)

multicellular organisms do not rely on tissues or organs to carry out life processes

c)

single-celled organisms are able to coordinate organ functions to maintain homeostasis

d)

single-celled organisms do not carry out the same life processes as multicellular organisms

7.
  1. This is an image of a leaf. The leaf pore is known as a "Guard Cell" .... because they might ask this on the Regents, just remember that guard cells maintain homeostasis for plants by opening and closing

a)

It's not this answer

b)

It's not this one either

c)

Don't pick this one

d)

Guard cells open and close to control gas exchange and water loss

8.

Fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. Animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because

a)

fats give off carbon dioxide that can be used by the muscles

b)

amino acids from fat synthesis are more easily digested than carbohydrates

c)

energy can only be created by digesting fats

d)

much energy can be gained by breaking the bonds between atoms in the fats

9.

ATP molecules are used to

a)

diffuse water across a membrane

b)

move molecules from a high to a low concentration

c)

balance the nutrients in an ecosystem

d)

Actively transport molecules in an organism

10.

Which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single-celled organism?

a)

Nervous

b)

Reproductive

c)

Immune

d)

Circulatory

11.

Which two factors could lead to the evolution of a species over time?

a)

struggle for survival and fossilization

b)

changes in the genes of body cells and extinction

c)

overproduction of offspring and no variation

d)

changes in the genes of the sex cells and survival of the fittest

12.

Lobsters are crustaceans related to crayfish, crabs, and shrimp. Most lobsters are reddish-brown color, but on rare occasions, they can be orange, blue, or even multicolored. These color differences can be caused by

a)

different numbers of offspring

b)

overpopulation and excessive resources

c)

the instability of the ecosystem

d)

genetic variation

13.

To clone a mammal, a cloned embryo is often put into an adult female of the same species to continue internal development. The structure in which the embryo will develop is the

a)
uterus
b)

ovary

c)

placenta

d)

egg

14.

As human red blood cells mature, they lose their nuclei. As a result of this loss, which process would be impossible for mature red blood cells to carry out

a)

reproduction

b)

excretion

c)

respiration

d)

transport

15.

The organic compounds that scientists use to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA are

a)

enzymes

b)

carbohydrates

c)

hormones

d)

starches

16.

An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing

a)

foreign antigens

b)

a hormone imbalance

c)

known antibiotics

d)

abiotic organisms

17.

Which human activity most directly causes a significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

a)

driving cars long distances

b)

planting large numbers of trees

c)

not using products containing plastics

d)

growing corn for food

18.

A coverslip should be slowly lowered from a 45 degree angle onto a slide in order to

a)

reduce the formation of bubbles

b)

prevent the slide from being scratched

c)

stop the loss of water from under the coverslip

d)

ensure that the specimen being viewed will stay alive

19.

Over time, a tree that once had a total mass of 300g increased in mass (weight) to 3000kg. This increase in mass comes mostly from

a)

carbon dioxide that enters through the leaf openings

b)

oxygen that enters through the leaf openings

c)

soil that all plants need to grow

d)

chloroplasts that enter the roots and move to the leaves

20.

Like most organisms, what does a fire need to keep it going, producing heat?

a)

oxygen

b)

helium

c)

magnesium

d)

nitrogen

21.

Autotrophs might survive when heterotrophs cannot, because autotrophs are able to

a)

make their own food

b)

exist without respiration

c)

become dormant

d)

reproduce asexually

22.

The inability of sperm cells to move normally could prevent the production of offspring by interfering with

a)

fertilization

b)

differentiation

c)

meiosis

d)

mitosis

23.

Which type of pathogenic microbe causes AIDS?

a)

a virus

b)

a bacterium

c)

a multicellular fungus

d)

a single-celled algae

24.

In order to enter cells and be useful to the body, starch must be

a)

digested into simple sugars

b)

converted to carbon dioxide and ATP

c)

absorbed through the skin

d)

broken down into fats and water

25.

When using a compound light microscope, the most common reason for staining a specimen being observed is to

a)

reveal details that are otherwise not easily seen

b)

keep the organism from moving around

c)

make the view more colorful

d)

determine the effects of chemicals on the organism

26.

A function of white blood cells is to

a)

protect the body against pathogens

b)

transport oxygen to body cells

c)

carry glucose to body cells

d)

produce hormones that regulate cell communication

27.

In the human body, oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine. In a single-celled organism, this absorption directly involves the

a)

cell membrane

b)

nucleus

c)

chloroplasts

d)

chromosomes

28.

On hot, dry days, guard cells often close close microscopic openings in plant leaves, conserving water. This is an example of

a)

a feedback mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

b)

environmental factors causing gene mutation in plants

c)

finite resources acting as selecting agents for evolution

d)

differentiation in plants as a result of stimuli

29.

Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?

a)

ecological succession

b)

direct harvesting

c)

random mutations

d)

genetic engineering

30.

A liver cell can make enzymes that a heart cell cannot make because liver cells

a)

use different genes than heart cells

b)

digest large, complex molecules

c)

contain more DNA than heart cells

d)

remove carbon dioxide from blood

31.

The ability of estrogen to affect certain cells depends directly on

a)

receptor molecules

b)

gametes

c)

nerve cells

d)

amino acids

32.

The diagnostic test for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, involves testing the blood for antibodies associated with this pathogen. Antibodies are produced when the body

a)

detects foreign antigens

b)

stimulates enzyme production

c)

secretes specific hormones

d)

synthesizes microbes

33.

In single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in

a)

vacuoles

b)

mitochondria

c)

nuclei

d)

ribosomes

34.

Which system in a multicellular organism functions most like the cytoplasm in a single-celled organism?

a)

circulatory

b)

immune

c)

reproductive

d)

nervous

35.

Which human activity most directly causes a significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

a)

driving cars long distances

b)

not using products containing plastics

c)

growing corn for food

d)

planting large numbers of trees

36.

An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing

a)

foreign antigens

b)

known antibodies

c)

abiotic organisms

d)

a hormone imbalance

37.

In the lab activity Making Connections, an experiment was designed to test the effect of exercise on the ability to squeeze a clothespin. The number of times the clothespin was squeezed served as the

a)

dependent variable

b)

independent variable

c)

hypothesis

d)

control

38.

The human body has many cells that are deep inside the body. For this reason, the human body requires

a)

a transport system and other organs

b)

carbon dioxide from the air

c)

the synthesis of many inorganic compounds

d)

the breakdown of glucose by the digestive system

39.

Two organisms of different species are not likely to compete for the same

a)

mate

b)

food

c)

space

d)

water

40.

Mitochondria provide ribosomes with

a)

ATP for protein synthesis

b)

amino acids for protein synthesis

c)

oxygen for respiration

d)

carbon dioxide for the production of sugars

41.

Animals and green plants are similar in that they

a)

both use DNA to transmit hereditary information to offspring

b)

all produce offspring through asexual reproduction

c)

both carry out heterotrophic nutrition

d)

all require oxygen to carry out photosynthesis

42.

Which term best indicates the structures represented by the circle labeled X?

a)

Tissues

b)

Organ systems

c)

Organelles

d)

Chromosomes

43.

Recently, a human trachea was produced by using a patient's own stem cells. The benefit of using the patient's own cells to produce a trachea instead of receiving one from a donor is that

a)

there is less of a chance that the patient's immune system will attack the trachea

b)

there will be an increase in the quantity of antibodies that the patient produces in response to the new trachea

c)

there will be a greater response to any infectious agent that may enter the body

d)

there will be more enzymes produced to help maintain homeostasis in the trachea

44.

A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when

a)

the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside

b)

the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside

c)

it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch

d)

the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cell

e)

it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole

45.

Which statement correctly describes an interaction between the hormones and the cells?

a)

Specific reactions carried out by cell 1 are regulated by hormone C

b)

Hormone A is synthesized by cell 2 and targets cell 1

c)

Hormone B bonds with both cell 1 and cell 2

d)

The specialized receptor molecules on cell 1 secrete hormone B

46.

Which action by humans could improve the quality of the air?

a)

buying cars that get more miles per gallon of gasoline

b)

building homes that use only oil furnaces for heat

c)

increasing the number of coal-burning power plants that generate electricity

d)

cutting down forests to clear land for factories

47.

Scientists have found that although plants require light to carry on photosynthesis, very high levels of sunlight can kill some plants. This illustrates that many biochemical processes may occur

a)

within a specific range of conditions

b)

more rapidly when temperatures are very high

c)

best in the absence of abiotic factors

d)

even if homeostasis is disrupted

48.

The shape of a protein is originally determined by the

a)

Arrangement of amino acids in the protein

b)

Size of the protein molecule

c)

Function the protein must carry out

d)

Location of the protein within the cell

49.

Plant cells can synthesize energy-rich organic molecules, and later break them down to extract the energy for life functions. These activities require direct interaction between the

a)

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

b)

Cell walls and ribosomes

c)

Ribosomes and mitochondria

d)

Chloroplasts and vacuoles

50.

Homeostasis is maintained in a single-celled organism by the interaction of

a)

Organelles

b)

Organs

c)

Tissues

d)

Systems

51.

The nucleus is responsible for

a)

Storing DNA

b)

Producing proteins

c)

Producing ATP

d)

Storing proteins

52.

All cells are built by which nonliving structures?

a)

Organelles

b)

Organs

c)

Tissue

d)

Organ systems

53.

All chemical reactions within an organism is know is

a)

Metabolism

b)

Reproduction

c)

Evolution

d)

Synthesis

54.

The role of antibodies in the human body is to

a)

Recognize foreign antigens and mark them for destruction

b)

Stimulate pathogen reproduction to produce additional white blood cells

c)

Increase the production of guard cells to defend against pathogens

d)

Promote the production of antigens to stimulate an immune response

55.

White blood cells are most closely associated with which two body systems?

a)

immune and circulatory

b)

circulatory and digestive

c)

digestive and excretory

d)

excretory and immune

56.

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

a)

weakened pathogens

b)

antibodies

c)

antibiotics

d)

white blood cells

57.

A student collected data from an experiment on muscle fatigue. In order to interpret these data, the student should

a)

organize the data into a table or graph

b)

recalculate the data so that the numbers are easier to work with

c)

ignore the data because they do not support their hypothesis

d)

share the data with a student who has none

58.

A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn't continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to

a)

lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles

b)

the heart beating too fast and tiring out

c)

lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles

d)

the lungs accumulating oxygen

59.

During periods of vigorous physical activity, a person's breathing and heart rates increase. This enables the cells of the body to perform more efficiently because it helps the cells to

a)

Remove waste products faster

b)

Reduce the amount of ATP produced

c)

Store excess glucose in muscles

d)

Convert more oxygen to glucose

60.

Which of the following is not a type a pathogen?

a)

Cancer

b)

Virus

c)

Fungi

d)

Bacteria

61.

Alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by ____________________ for gas exchange

a)
Blood vessels
b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Water

d)

Bronchi

62.

Which structure is labeled F

a)

Diaphragm

b)

Alveoli

c)

Pharynx

d)

Trachea

63.

Which structure is labeled E

a)

Trachea

b)

Bronchi

c)

Alveoli

d)

Pharynx

64.

Certain microbes, foreign tissues, and some cancerous cells can cause immune responses in the human body because all three contain

a)

antigens

b)

enzymes

c)

fats

d)

cytoplasm

65.

Which activity is not a response of human white blood cells to pathogens?

a)

Removing carbon dioxide

b)

engulfing and destroying bacteria

c)

Identifying invaders for destruction

d)

producing antibodies

66.

Which statement does not identify a characteristic of antibodies?

a)

they are produced by the body in response to the presence of foreign substances

b)

They may be produced in response to an antigen

c)

They are nonspecific, acting against any foreign substance in the body

d)

They may be produced by white blood cells

67.

A six year old child ate a peanut butter sandwich at snack time in school. 5 minutes later, her throat became swollen and she collapsed. This allergic reaction occurred because her body

a)

Recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced antibiotics against it

b)

Digested the white blood cells that can recognize an antigen in peanut butter

c)

Did not recognize an antigen in peanut butter and could not produce antibodies against it

d)

Recognized an antigen in peanut butter and produced an immune response

68.

Allergic reactions usually occur when the immune system produces

a)

Antibodies against usually harmless antigens

b)

Antigens against usually harmless antibodies

c)

Antibiotics against usually harmless antigens

d)

Enzymes against usually harmless antibodies

69.

After a kidney transplant, special medications are taken. Otherwise, the patient's immune system might react to the transplanted kidney by

a)

Producing specialized proteins that help to attack the kidney

b)

Signaling the body to synthesize new DNA molecules

c)

Stimulating the circulatory system to attack red blood cells

d)

Stimulating the kidney to produce reproductive hormones

70.

Allergic reactions are most closely associated with

a)

Immune responses to usually harmless substances

b)

A low blood sugar level

c)

The shape of red blood cells

d)

The action of circulating hormones

71.

Which statement best describes an immune response?

a)

It usually involves the recognition and destruction of pathogens

b)

It always produces antibiotics

c)

It stimulates asexual reproduction and resistance in pathogens

d)

It releases red blood cells that destroy pathogens

72.

Which of the following are used to treat bacterial infections?

a)

Antibiotics

b)

Antibodies

c)

Vaccines

d)

Cold medication

73.

Which phrase does not describe a way the human body responds to fight disease?

a)

Production of pathogens by white blood cells

b)

Production of antibodies by white blood cells

c)

Increased production of white blood cells

d)

Destruction of infectious agents by white blood cells

74.

Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains

a)

foreign antigens

b)

foreign antibodies

c)

DNA molecules

d)

pathogenic microbes

75.

To increase chances for a successful organ transplant, the person receiving the organ should be given special medications. The purpose of these medications is to

a)

increase the immune response in the person receiving the transplant

b)

decrease mutations in the person receiving the transplant

c)

Increase mutations in the person receiving the transplant

d)

decrease the immune response in the person receiving the transplant

76.

The disease known as malaria may result in a fever, a decrease in red blood cells, and an enlarged liver and spleen. These symptoms are evidence of

a)

a disruption of homeostasis

b)

a decrease in allergic reactions

c)

an increased number of cell organelles

d)

hormone destruction

77.

Which system is responsible for removing wastes such as carbon dioxide, sweat, urine, and heat?

a)

Excretory

b)

Immune

c)

Digestive

d)

Endocrine

78.

Which organ system carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body?

a)

Circulatory

b)

Nervous

c)

Heart

d)

Digestive

79.

The small intestine absorbs nutrients into which system?

a)

Circulatory

b)

Endocrine

c)

Excretory

d)

Nervous

80.

Many viruses infect only a certain type of cell because they bind to certain

a)

Receptors on the surface of the cell

b)

Mitochondria in the cell

c)

Other viruses on the surface of the cell

d)

Ribosomes in the cell

81.

Glucose is a type of

a)

Simple sugar

b)

Amino acid

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Fat

82.

Hormones are most closely associated with which organ system?

a)

Endocrine

b)

Excretory

c)

Respiratory

d)

Circulatory

83.

A vaccine for the viral disease known as chicken pox would contain

a)

A dead or weakened form of the pathogen

b)

Several different antibiotics

c)

A small number of white blood cells

d)

A large amount of the virus

84.

Corn, wheat, and rice are highest in which nutrient?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Minerals

d)

Water

85.

Cytoplasm is mostly made of

a)

Water

b)

Cells

c)

Energy

d)

Oil

86.

Which molecule is small enough to diffuse into the blood from the small intestine without needing to be digested?

a)

Glucose

b)

Protein

c)

Starch

d)

Fat

87.

Which organ is responsible for reabsorbing water back into the bloodstream?

a)

Large intestine

b)

Stomach

c)

Esophagus

d)

Liver

88.

Fruits, vegetables, and grains are made mostly of

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Protein

c)

Fatty acids

d)

Calcium and iron

89.

Metabolism is best described as

a)

All chemical reactions in an organism

b)

The creation of a new organism

c)

The dividing of a cell

d)

The release of acids and enzymes during digestion

90.

Which of the following is a virus?

a)

Influenza

b)

COVID

c)

AIDS

d)

Cancer

91.

Which of the following are structure B, responsible for filtering blood?

a)

Kidneys

b)

Ovaries

c)

Lungs

d)

Testes

92.

Organs are just collections of similar ______ that work together

a)
Tissues
b)

Organ systems

c)

Organisms

d)

Blood

93.

Dynamic Equilibrium is a term most closely related to which other term?

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Respiration

c)

Pathogen

d)

Immunity

94.

Microbes that enter the body, causing disease, are known as

a)

Pathogens

b)

Enzymes

c)

Antibodies

d)

Hosts

95.

The failure of the human body to effectively maintain dynamic equilibrium can result in

a)

Disease

b)

Gene manipulation

c)

Differentiation

d)

Reproductive success

96.

Viruses are made of which of the following?

a)

Proteins and nucleic acids

b)

Bacteria

c)

Organelles

d)

Cells

97.

Which is used to describe a false or made up response created by the brain by some people participating in experiments?

a)

Placebo

b)

Bias

c)

Trial

d)

Variable

98.

Which is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

Storing information

b)

Building and maintaining organisms

c)

Helping to fight infections

d)

Cell communication

99.

Vacuoles are responsible for doing what inside of cells?

a)

Storage

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Building proteins

d)

Creating ATP

100.

Proteins are composed of what smaller building blocks?

a)

amino acids

b)

simple sugars

c)

fatty acids

d)

nucleotides

101.

Based on the graph, what is the optimum temperature for this enzyme?

a)

15 degrees

b)

40 degrees

c)

30 degrees

d)

0 degrees

102.

What happens when enzymes (or any proteins) are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die

b)

The shapes of the enzyme are changed or "denatured"

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes

d)

The enzymes stay the same

103.

DNA and RNA are two types of

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

nucleic acids

104.

What is the initial color of starch indicator solution?

a)

blue

b)

orange

c)

amber

d)

blue-black

105.

In our diffusion lab, what happened to the "cell" that contained starch solution after a period of time?

a)

the contents of the dialysis tube turned blue-black

b)

the liquid in the beaker turned blue-black

c)

the dialysis tube expanded

d)

nothing changed

106.

When a cell shrinks in size, what type of solution was added to it?

a)

salt solution

b)

tap water

c)

distilled water

d)

iodine solution

107.

Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable. Which statement best explains what selectively permeable means?

a)

The cell membrane prevents any harmful substance from entering the cell.

b)

The cell membrane lets certain substances enter the cell and keeps certain substances out of the cell.

c)

The cell membrane allows only large molecules to diffuse into the cell.

d)

The cell membrane has pores that let only water and glucose into the cell and carbon dioxide out.

108.


Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?

a)


Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.

b)


Solution A will contain all of the water molecules.

c)

Solution B will remain unchanged.

d)

Solution B will lose all of the glucose molecules to solution A.

109.

The diagram below represents a cell in water.  Formulas of molecules that can move freely across the cell membrane are shown.  Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell.

Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?

a)


The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.

b)

The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.

c)

The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.

d)

The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.

110.

A substance is most likely to diffuse into a cell when


a)

it is a large organic food molecule such as protein or starch

b)


it is enclosed in an organelle such as a vacuole

c)


the concentration of the substance is greater outside the cell than inside

d)


the pH of the substance is greater than the pH of the cell

111.

The diagram below shows the relative concentration of molecules inside and outside of a cell.

Which statement best describes the general direction of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?

a)

Glucose would diffuse into the cell.

b)


Protein would diffuse out of the cell.

c)


Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.

d)

Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.

112.

If an DNA sequence reads AGGCTA then the mRNA sequence would read

a)


TCCGAT

b)


UGGCUA

c)


UCCGAU

d)

TCCGUT

113.

What is the total magnifications of a microscope on high power (40x) if the eyepiece is 10x?

a)

40x

b)

400x

c)

4000x

d)

4x

114.

What process requires energy?

a)

active transport

b)

osmosis

c)

diffusion

d)

passive transport

115.

creating large, complex molecules by combining smaller molecules is referred to as ____

a)

excretion

b)

transport

c)

synthesis

d)

homeostasis

116.

Organic compounds such as starch are too ___ to fit though the cell membrane. They must be digested into ___ before they can be absorbed

a)

Big / simple sugars

b)

Big / amino acids

c)

Small / amino acids

d)

Big / fatty acids

117.

What term is used to describe the living components of an ecosystem?

a)

abiotic

b)

biotic

c)

aerobic

d)

anaerobic

118.

What occurs in the organelle that looks like this?

a)

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts.

b)


Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

c)


Production of ribosomes

d)

Production of Energy

119.

Which is the most important inorganic compound to ALL living things…

a)


Carbon Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)


Glucose

d)


Water

120.

The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell’s production of

a)

DNA

b)

proteins

c)

ATP

d)

carbon dioxide

121.

Which factor would be an abiotic limiting factor for fish living in a lake in New York State?

a)

amount of algae

b)

amount of fisherman

c)

amount of acid rain

d)

amount of predators in the lake

122.

A native species is competing for resources with a nonnative species that was accidentally introduced into the area. The nonnative species is more likely to survive than the native species when

a)

the nonnative species have no competition

b)

both eat the same food

c)


the nonnative is immune to diseases

d)


predators prey on both species

123.

One result of the ability of organisms to detect and appropriately respond to stimuli is

a)

an organ malfunction

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

gene manipulation

d)

an allergic reaction

124.

ATP is produced through which process?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

protein synthesis

c)

cellular respiration

d)

meiosis

125.

What plant organelle is used to make sugars?

a)

Cell wall

b)

mitochondria

c)

chloroplast

d)

vacuole

126.

Which statement most accurately predicts the result of interfering with populations in this food web?

a)

Removing all the mountain lions from the food web will benefit the ecosystem.

b)


Removing the fox will affect the rabbit and mouse populations.

c)

Removing the grasshopper will impact the fox population

d)

Frogs are eaten by foxes

127.

An autotroph can also be called

a)

an animal

b)

a consumer

c)

a heterotroph

d)

a producer

128.

Which is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

mitochondria

c)

cell wall

d)

ribosomes

129.

which is an organic molecule?

a)

glucose

b)

oxygen

c)

water

d)

carbon dioxide

130.

Which is an inorganic molecule?

a)

Water

b)

Starch

c)

DNA

d)

Fat

131.

What does photosynthesis produce?

a)

glucose

b)

protein

c)

starch

d)

water

132.

Which organic compound is primarily used to make energy?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

protein

c)

fats

d)

nucleic acids

133.

Red onion cells undergo the change represented in the picture below. This change is most likely caused by the cell being transferred from

a)

distilled water to starch indicator

b)

distilled water to salt water

c)

salt water to tap water

d)

salt water to distilled water

134.


The diagram represents a technique used in some molecular biology laboratories
This technique is a type of

a)

chromatography

b)

gel electrophoresis

c)

direct harvesting

d)

genetic engineering

135.

Samples of DNA from an eye-color gene of four individuals, W, X, Y, and Z, were cut into pieces using a type of chemical. The results of this procedure are shown in the diagram.
The diagram represents the results of the procedure known as

a)

cloning

b)

chromatography

c)

gel electrophoresis

d)

protein sequencing

136.

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on their

a)

size

b)

color

c)

functions

d)

chromosomes

137.

Which statement describes a failure of homeostasis in humans?

a)


When activity in an individual increases, the body temperature rises and the individual sweats.

b)

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in the human body, the lungs begin to expel more carbon dioxide.

c)

A viral infection leads to a decrease in the number of white blood cells being produced in the body.

d)


After an individual gets a cut, certain chemical changes begin the healing process.

138.

Which lab procedure can be done to find molecular evidence for relationships between organisms?

a)

setup and perform gel electrophoresis

b)

compare slides of cell organelles

c)

examine fossils and ocean sediments

d)

use a dichotomous key and test for pH

139.

Which lab technique, used to compare DNA molecules, is shown in this image

a)

Gel electrophoresis

b)

Paper chromatography

c)

Light spectrophotometry

d)

Fossil comparison

140.

What does an indicator do?

a)

shows if something is there

b)

breaks down proteins

c)

improves cell functions

d)

creates ATP

141.

The process of active transport requires the most direct use of _______ to move things in or out of cells

a)

ATP

b)

Carbon dioxide

c)

Amino acids

d)

Glucose

142.

Chloroplasts in plant cells are responsible for

a)

photosynthesis

b)

building proteins

c)

storing proteins

d)

storing water

143.

Mitochondria are responsible for

a)

Cellular respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Protein synthesis

d)

DNA storage

144.

Ribosomes are responsible for

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Cellular respiration

c)

Storage

d)

Photosynthesis

145.


Which is NOT a waste product that may be produced while creating ATP?

a)

oxygen

b)

acid

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

heat

146.

Which of the following is an inorganic molecule?

a)

water

b)

glucose

c)

amino acids

d)

starch

147.

Which molecules build carbohydrates

a)

simple sugars

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

lipids

148.


Oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide all pass through cell membranes through the process of

a)

diffusion

b)

inhalation

c)

respiration

d)

digestion

149.

Which of the following is considered a pathogen?

a)

HIV

b)

cancer

c)

diabetes

d)

COVID

150.

Blood type is determined by ________ found on a person's red blood cells

a)

antigens

b)

receptors

c)

membranes

d)

antibodies

151.

Starch is a type of ______________ that plants use to store the glucose they produce during photosynthesis

a)

carbohydrate

b)

fat

c)

amino acid

d)

protein

152.

The paramecium is a single-celled organism that reproduces asexually. The offspring of a paramecium usually contain

a)

genetic material identical to that of the parent

b)

fewer mutations than the parents

c)

only half of the genes of the parent cells

d)

more DNA than the parent cell

153.

Mitosis in an organism with 50 chromosomes would create a

a)

body cell with 50 chromosome

b)

body cell with 25 chromosomes

c)

gamete with 50 chromosomes

d)

gamete with 25 chromosomes

154.

Meiosis in an organism with 50 chromosomes would produce a

a)

gamete with 25 chromosomes

b)

body cell with 25 chromosomes

c)

body cell with 50 chromosomes

d)

gamete with 50 chromosomes

155.

What does every food web start with?

a)

the sun

b)

decomposers

c)

producers

d)

consumers

156.

Autotrophs are organisms that

a)

can produce their own food

b)

must eat other organisms

c)

only eat meat

d)

only eat plants

157.

Consumers are organisms that

a)

must eat other organisms

b)

produce their own food

c)

eat only meat

d)

eat only plants

158.

Heterotrophs are also known as

a)

Consumers

b)

Producers

c)

Herbivores

d)

Carnivores

159.

Autotrophs are also known as

a)

Producers

b)

Consumers

c)

Herbivores

d)

Animals

160.


All living things maintain a balance within their cells and with the environment through the process of

a)

homeostasis

b)

evolution

c)

metabolism

d)

growth and development

161.

A catalyst is

a)

another word for enzyme

b)

an alteration in the sequence of DNA

c)

a technique that compares organisms

d)

where eggs are stored

162.

Biotic means

a)

the living parts of an ecosystem

b)

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem

c)

the specific role played by an organism in an ecosystem

d)

the creation of an organism

163.

The control group in an experiment is

a)

the group that is the experiment is compared to, nothing is changed

b)

the group that receives the test

164.

A diabetic patient suffers from deficiency of which hormone?

a)

insulin

b)

estrogen

c)

testosterone

d)

progesterone

165.

Structure B is responsible for producing

a)

Eggs

b)

Ovaries

c)

Insulin

d)

Blood cells

166.

In which structure does a fertilized egg develop?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

167.

As blood glucose levels increase, hormones are released to return glucose levels to normal. This is an example of

a)

a nervous system disorder

b)

the synthesis of antibodies

c)

a stimulus and a response

d)

an antigen and antibody reaction

168.

In humans, embryonic development during the first two months is more sensitive to environmental factors than during the remaining months. The best explanation for this statement is that

a)

during the first two months, organs are being formed and any unusual change during cell division can interfere with normal development

b)

the genes that control development function only during the first two months of development

c)

no changes occur in a developing fetus after the second month

d)

organ development is not affect by environmental factors after the second month

169.

A decrease in the biodiversity of an ecosystem usually leads to

a)

an increase in predator and prey populations

b)

the elimination of material cycling

c)

a decrease in stability

d)

an increase in dynamic equiilibrium

170.

If the fish population decreases, what is the most direct effect this will have on the aquatic ecosystem?

a)

the leopard seals will all die from lack of food

b)

the krill population will only be consumed by seagulls

c)

the zooplankton population will increase in size

d)

the phytoplankton population will increase in size

171.

Which group of organisms in an ecosystem fills the niche of recycling organism matter back to the environment

a)

carnivores

b)

decomposers

c)

producers

d)

predators