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Bio final exam review

Total questions: 143

Worksheet time: 5hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

what is evolutionary fitness?

a)

the term used to describe the speed of evolution in an organism

b)

the measure of how many friends an organism has

c)

the ability of an organism to change its appearance at will

d)

the ability of an organism to perform physical exercises

e)

the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment, passing on its genes to the next generation.

2.

The Venus flytrap plant lives in soil with few nutrients. The plant absorbs nutrients by trapping insects inside its leaves.

The ability of the Venus flytrap to trap insects is an example of which of the following?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Adaptation

c)

Competition

d)

Producer

3.
Define Adaptation.
a)
How an organism has NOT changed and continues to live in an environment 
b)
All animals can live in any environment 
c)
How an organism grows over time
d)
Special features or behaviors that allow an animal to survive in an environment.
4.

A characteristic that you inherit from your parents.

a)

selective breeding

b)

trait

c)

natural selection

d)

adaptation

5.

What is an example of artificial selection?

a)

Letting dogs choose their own mate

b)

Letting plants pollinate on their own

c)

Crossing a labrador and a poodle to create a labradoodle

6.

What is the main goal of Artificial Selection?

a)

To prevent any changes in species

b)

To allow species to evolve naturally

c)

To create new species

d)

To select for desirable traits in plants or animals

7.
Which organisms are most likely to survive?
a)
the best adapted
b)
the fastest
c)
the strongest
d)
the most domesticated (tamed)
8.

Individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to

a)

Increase in population over time.

b)

Decrease in population over time.

c)

Leave fewer offspring than those less suited to the environment.

d)

Both (a) and (c)

9.

The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is

a)

Natural selection.

b)

Genetic principles.

c)

Origin of species.

d)

Trait mechanism.

10.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
11.
The praying mantis has few predators. Yet it is adapted to look just like the twigs and small branches where it is usually found. Explain how this adaptation helps the praying mantis survive. 
a)
It hides better in its environmet to be harder prey to find.
b)
It hides better in its environment to be a better predator.
c)
It eats twigs and you are what you eat.
d)
It wants to camouflage itself.
12.
Which of the following most likely supports how giraffes evolved long necks?
a)
More long-necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes.
b)
More short-necked giraffes survived to pass on their genes.
c)
Short-necked giraffes grew longer necks to reach higher leaves.
d)
Short-necked giraffes modified their diets to evolve into a new species.
13.

Dyed purple hair

a)

inherited trait

b)

acquired trait

14.

An 11-year-old girl with green eyes and red hair plays the piano. Which of the following characteristics is an example of a learned behavior?

a)

Playing the piano

b)

Having green eyes

c)

Having red hair

d)

Being 11 years old

15.

Which of the following characteristics of a rabbit was most likely inherited from its parents?

a)

Bent whiskers

b)

Missing tooth

c)

Long ears

d)

Broken foot

16.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
17.
Which of the following pieces of evolution evidence deals with comparing similar structures in various species?
a)
fossil record
b)
comparing embryology
c)
comparing biochemistry
d)
comparing anatomy
18.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
19.
  The diagram shows an image of a Pterosaur wing, bat wing, and bird wing.  These are all different organisms, but share similar wing structures.  If these structures are similar due to common ancestry, which of the following best describes them?
a)
a.  Vestigial Organ
b)
b.  Embryological Similarities
c)
c.  Homologous Structures
d)
d.  Analogous Structures
20.

Evolved from the same ancestor, but have different functions

a)

Homologous structures

b)

Analogous structures

c)

Vestigial structures

d)

All of the above

21.

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

22.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

23.

What do we call a change in a species over time?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Evolution

c)

Extinction

d)

Environmental influences

24.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
25.

Which is the sequence by which natural selection works?

a)

selection → adaptation → variation

b)

selection → variation → adaptation

c)

variation → adaptation → selection

d)

variation → selection → adaptation

26.
Which evidence of common ancestry is being studied in this visual?
a)
biogeography
b)
fossil record
c)
anatomical homology
27.

The porpoise is a marine mammal. As shown, the porpoise contains finger-like structures in its flippers. What does this information suggest?

a)

All other mammals lived in the sea at some point.

b)

The porpoise descended from mammals with hands.

c)

The porpoise is a direct descendent of the elephant.

d)

Marine mammals are able to grasp tools with their flippers.

28.

Genetic diversity is increased through:

a)

genetic drift

b)

gene flow

29.

The more genetic variation a population has,

the more likely it is for some individuals to

a)

evolve

b)

migrate

c)

survive

d)

mutate

30.

Mutations are important because they bring about

a)

death of the organism in which they develop

b)

genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

c)

benefits for the individual, not for the population

d)

changes in genotype, but not phenotype

31.

A doctor prescribes antibiotics and the patient only takes it for 7 of the 10 recommended days. What could happen to this patient?

a)

They could develop an antibiotic resistant secondary infection

b)

They could return the remaining medication and get some money back

c)

They could experience an allergic reaction

d)

They could develop a stomach ulcer

32.

Which option correctly outlines the sequence of events once bacteria are exposed to antibiotics?

a)

1. Non-resistant bacteria die.

2. Resistant bacteria exist due to variation.

3. Resistant bacteria survive, replicate and pass resistance to next generation.

b)

1. Resistant bacteria die.

2.Non-resistant bacteria exist due to variation.

3. Non-resistant bacteria survive, replicate and pass resistance to next generation.

c)

1. All bacteria die.

2. The person taking the antibiotic develops resistance to the antibiotic if used again.

33.

Which taxa are used in a scientific name?

a)

Domain

b)

Genus

c)

Phylum

d)

Species

e)

Class

34.

What language is used to create scientific names?

a)

English

b)

Greek

c)

Latin

d)

French

35.
The scientific name for an organism is made from the:
a)
class and family name
b)
genus and species name
c)
domain and kingdom name
d)
kingdom and phylum name
36.

Which is the correct way to write an organism's scientific name?

a)

Ailuropoda Melanoleuca

b)

ailuropoda melanoleuca

c)

Ailuropoda melanoleuca

d)

ailuropoda Melanoleuca

37.
In the following cladogram, which node occurred earliest in time?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
38.

Which node represents the most recent common ancestor of taxa A and B?

a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
39.

Which taxon is B more closely relatedto, A or C?

a)
A
b)
C
40.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

41.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

42.
A dichotomous key for trees is provided. Hikers found a tree that has large brown cones and single sharp needles. What species of tree have the hikers found?
a)
Juniper
b)
Pine
c)
Spruce
d)
Fir
43.
What step do we always start with when using dichotomous keys?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
44.
Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:
a)
dichotmous key
b)
binomial nomenclature
c)
2 scientific names
d)
binomial key
45.

Based on the same dichotomous key, what is the butterfly shown below?

a)

Papilio glaucus

b)

Papilio polyxenes

c)

Danaus plexippus

d)

Colias philodice

46.

What type of cell does cell respiration happen in?

a)

Plant cells

b)

Animal cells

c)

Both

47.

What organelle does cell respiration occur in?

a)

Golgi body

b)

nucleus

c)

ribosome

d)

mitochondria

48.

Which of the following is a PRODUCT of cell respiration?

a)

glucose

b)

ATP (energy)

c)

oxygen

d)

water

49.

Photosynthesis takes place in this organelle.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Cell Wall

50.

Which of these is a PRODUCT of photosynthesis?

a)

Glucose

b)

Water

c)

Sunlight

d)

Carbon Dioxide

51.

What organelle uses light energy to make glucose during photosynthesis?

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

52.

What is the source of energy for plants to make food?

a)

other plants

b)

the sun

c)

the moon

d)

animals

53.

What do plants need to make food?

a)

water & oxygen

b)

water & carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen & dirt

d)

carbon dioxide & oxygen

54.

Which gas do plants release during photosynthesis?

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon

c)

helium

d)

carbon dioxide

55.
This process releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
light-independent reaction
c)
cellular respiration
d)
light-dependent reaction
56.

Which of the following lists components needed for photosynthesis to take place?

a)

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sugars

b)

light energy and water

c)

water and carbon dioxide

d)

light energy, carbon dioxide, and water

57.

Which of the following are reactants for respiration and products for photosynthesis?

a)

Energy and H2O

b)

C6H12O6 and O2

c)

C6H12O6 and CO2

d)

CO2 and H2O

58.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
59.

Any living thing in the environment including animals and plants

a)

biotic factor

b)

abiotic factor

60.

Non-living things in the environment

a)

biotic factors

b)

abiotic factors

61.

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic factor?

a)

rocks

b)

temperature

c)

sunlight

d)

grass

62.

Which of the following is NOT a BIOTIC factor?

a)

sand

b)

grass

c)

bumblebee

d)

dog

63.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
64.

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

a)

They point to the organism that is being eaten.

b)

It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

c)

They show the direction the energy is flowing between organisms.

d)

They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

65.
A wolf eats a rabbit, that just ate some berries.  What would you call the rabbit?
a)
Producer
b)
Omnivore
c)
Primary Consumer
d)
2nd order Heterotrph
66.
Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own food. Which do scientist classify as autotrophs?
a)
Chordates
b)
Fungi
c)
Plants
d)
Molds
67.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
68.

In the food web above, what organism is a tertiary consumer?

a)

Fox

b)

Frog

c)

Vole

d)

Grass

69.

What term describes the position of an organism on the food chain?

a)

food web

b)

energy levels

c)

trophic levels

d)

matter cycle

70.
In this food chain, what will happen if the frogs become extinct?
a)
The snakes will increase.
b)
The grasshoppers will decrease.
c)
The eagles will remain the same.
d)
The grasshoppers will increase.
71.
In the energy pyramid here, which organisms have the most energy available?
a)
Producers
b)
Carnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Top Predator
72.
If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?
a)
10 Kcal
b)
1 Kcal
c)
100 Kcal
d)
1000 Kcal
73.
The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
74.
The largest group of organisms found in a food web would be:
a)
Primary Consumers
b)
Producers
c)
Decomposers
d)
Tertiary Consumers
75.

How much energy is available to be passed on to the next level in a food web?

a)

100%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

75%

76.

If the average Bluefin Tun weighs 20 pounds, how many pounds of secondary consumers are needed in the third trophic level to support it?

a)

20 pounds

b)

200 pounds

c)

2,000 pounds

d)

20,000 pounds

77.
What is an omnivore?
a)
An organism that only eats plants for energy
b)
An organism that eats animals for energy
c)
An organism that eats both plants and animals for energy.
78.

What is a carnivore?

a)

An organism that only eats plants for energy

b)

An organism that eats animals for energy

c)

An organism that eats both plants and animals for energy.

79.

What is an herbivore?

a)

An organism that only eats plants for energy

b)

An organism that eats animals for energy

c)

An organism that eats both plants and animals for energy.

80.

What is a consumer?

a)

Organism that makes its own energy

b)

Organism that breaks down dead organisms

c)

Organism that eats other organisms for food & energy

81.

Which of the following is a food chain in the food web?

a)

Rabbit, mountain lion, fox

b)

Grass, grasshopper, frog, snake, hawk

c)

Grass, caterpillar, robin, mountain lion

d)

Tree, deer, mountain lion, fox

82.

Which of the following is defined as a consumer that must get its food from a different source than itself?

a)

Producer

b)

Heterotroph

c)

Autotroph

d)

Homotroph

83.

What is the purpose of a decomposer?

a)

To break down dead materials and waste from consumers

b)

Eat living organisms

c)

Perform photosynthesis to make carbohydrates

d)

Make carbohydrates using chemical energy.

84.
Question Image

Match the following:

a)

Producer/Autotroph

1.

Plant

b)

Secondary Consumer

2.

Bird

c)

Tertiary Consumer

3.

Snake

d)

Apex Predator

4.

Owl

e)

Herbivore

5.

Grasshopper

85.

Which group is not represented in the food web?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

decomposers

86.

The diagram shows part of an aquatic food web for a stable lake ecosystem in Connecticut. What is the source of energy for the algae?

a)

waves

b)

sunlight

c)

bacteria

d)

rotifers, water fleas and tadpoles

87.

The ecological role an organism performs in their specific environment is considered the organism's...

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Biome

d)

Niche

88.

the differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community

a)

character displacement

b)

climax community

c)

resource partitioning

d)

pioneer species

89.

The ecological niches of three bird species are shown in the diagram. What is the advantage of each bird species having a different niche?

a)

As more birds feed higher in the tree, available energy increases.

b)

More abiotic resources are available for each bird.

c)

Predators are less likely to feed on birds in a variety of locations.

d)

There is less competition for food.

90.

When put together, one organism outcompetes the other for resources.  This is an example of:

a)

competitive exclusion principle

b)

speciation

c)

biological niche

d)

evolution

91.

The relationship that exists between two organisms when they attempt to obtain the same resource.

a)

Competition

b)

Disturbance

c)

Mimicry

d)

Predation

92.

Anything that is required for life, such as food, water, or light.

a)

Community

b)

Competition

c)

Resource

d)

Competitive Exclusion Principle

93.

all different kinds of life (i.e. plants, bacteria, animals, and humans) that can be found in one area

a)

population density

b)

habitat

c)

niche

d)

biodiversity

94.

two species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche for very long without one becoming extinct or being driven out because of competition for limited resources

a)

predation

b)

competitive exclusion principle

c)

population density

d)

biodiversity

95.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
96.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
97.
What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
parasitism
d)
predation
98.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
99.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
100.
A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
101.
A tick and a dog have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
neutralism
d)
parasitism
102.
Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. This relationship neither harms nor benefits the whales. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
103.

What type of symbiosis?

This is a tick on a human.

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

104.

A population of kangaroos grows briefly and then stabilizes. What does the leveling off indicate?

a)

The population has reached the carrying capacity of the environment.

b)

The population has exceeded the carrying capacity of the environment.

c)

The population is affected by a density-independent limiting factor.

d)

The population is no longer able to adapt to environmental changes.

105.

Predator population lags behind prey population because......

a)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in prey

b)

Increase in predators leads to increase in prey

c)

Increase in predators leads to decrease in producers

d)

Increase in producers leads to increase in prey

106.

What statement is TRUE about the graph?

a)

The prey is the green line because there needs to be more prey than predators.

b)

The prey is the red line because there needs to be more predators than prey.

c)

The green line is the producers

d)

The red line is the producers

107.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
108.
succession that occurs in an area where soil is already present
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
109.
the first organisms that appear in an ecological community
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
110.
a stable ecological community that has reached equilibrium
a)
ecological succession 
b)
climax community
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
111.
ends in a climax community
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
112.
starts with bare rock followed by lichen
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
113.
occurs over time
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
114.
reaches a climax community quicker because soil is already present
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
115.
species diversity eventually increases
a)
primary succession 
b)
secondary succession
c)
both types of succession
116.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

117.

A species that does not belong in a balanced ecosystem, comes in, and changes it (usually for the worse).

a)

flagnship

b)

umbrella

c)

invasive

d)

predator

118.

A species that helps to manage prey populations, which in turn controls the ecosystem's producers (vegetation).

a)

predator

b)

keystone

c)

engineer

d)

mutualist

119.

Why are bees considered a keystone species?

a)

The honey they make supports the bear population

b)

They pollinate flowers that produce fruit which supports the ecosystem

c)

They sting when threatened

d)

They live in hives

120.

Why are some sharks considered a keystone species?

a)

Because they are a top predator

b)

They scare off smaller fish that may overgraze an area of sea grass

c)

They are tertiary consumers

d)

They are cartilaginous

121.

Which one of the following keystone examples play a vital role in the health of coastal kelp forests?

a)

starfish

b)

sea otters

c)

beavers

d)

wolves

e)

elephants

122.

Which one of the following keystone examples is a keystone predator found in the tidal pools of northwestern North America and was the species that launched Robert Paine’s keystone species concept?

a)

starfish

b)

sea otters

c)

beavers

d)

wolves

e)

elephants

123.
Based on the graph shown, how can you tell sea otters are a keystone species?
a)
as the sea otter population decreases, biodiversity increases
b)
as sea otter population increases, biodiversity increases
c)
changes in the sea otter population have little effect on biodiversity 
d)
the sea otter population dereases due to the presence of urchins
124.

Which is an invasive species

a)

pisaster starfish

b)

burmese python

c)

gray wolf

d)

red backed salamander

125.

What type of species causes damage to its surrounding environment?

a)

native

b)

endemic

c)

invasive

d)

keystone

126.

Which species type plays an extra important role in keeping the ecosystem healthy?

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

endemic

d)

native

127.

The zebra mussel is

a)

invasive

b)

native to PA

c)

keystone

d)

endemic

128.

The european starling and the burmese python are examples of this species type

a)

endangered

b)

extinct

c)

invasive

d)

endemic

129.

Keystone species include all EXCEPT

a)

horseshoe crab

b)

prairie dog

c)

american passenger pigeon

d)

african elephant

130.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
131.

Invasive species --- [choose 3]

a)

take over the habitat of other organisms.

b)

increases the populations of native organisms.

c)

decrease biodiversity.

d)

increase biodiversity.

e)

cause the populations of native organisms to decrease.

132.
Biodiversity refers to
a)
extinct species
b)
the variety of species on Earth
c)
nonrenewable resources
d)
the rate of species decline
133.

Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly?

a)

Invasive Species are native to an area.

b)

Invasive species are prey to many animals.

c)

Invasive species have fewer limiting factors in their new environment

d)

Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.

134.

What is a limiting factor?

a)

Factors that always increase a population

b)

Factors that always decrease a population

c)

Resources that are unlimited

d)

Factors/resources that limit how many organisms can live in an area at the same time

135.

What is meant by the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?

a)

How many organisms die in an ecosystem

b)

The maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support

c)

The smallest number of organisms that can live in an area

136.

What happens if a population goes over its carrying capacity?

a)

It will continue to grow

b)

It will eventually decrease due to a lack of resources

c)

It will die immediately

d)

It will get unlimited resources

137.

Organize these options into abiotic or biotic factors

Categorize the following

Temperature

Water

Wind

Phytoplankton

Sunlight

Frog

Dragonfly

Flower

Abiotic
Biotic
138.

They affect a population regardless of its density, usually abiotic factors.

a)

Density independent factors

b)

Density dependent factors

139.

What are some abiotic factors that affect a population regardless of its density?

a)

Predation, competition, disease

b)

Food availability, predation, migration

c)

Habitat destruction, pollution, climate change

d)

Temperature, sunlight, water availability, soil composition, and air quality

140.

They affect population size differently depending on its density, usually biotic factors.

a)

Density dependent factors

b)

Density independent factors

141.

What are some biotic factors that affect a population regardless of its density?

a)

Predation, competition for resources, and disease.

b)

Migration, climate change, and pollution.

c)

Habitat destruction, invasive species, and genetic mutations.

d)

Birth rate, immigration, and emigration.

142.

What happens to the population of a species after it reaches its carrying capacity?

a)

Increases linearly over time.

b)

Increases exponentially over time.

c)

Decreases to zero in a very short amount of time

d)

Remains relatively the same.

143.

What do limiting factors do?

a)

Determine what organisms are predators and which are prey.

b)

Regulate how many organisms live in an ecosystem.

c)

Decide trophic levels of individuals.