WorksheetsBIOCHEM REVIEWER
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins
study of compounds, chemical reactions, & molecular interactions of living organisms
WATER
BIOCHEMISTRY
CELL
MITOSIS
make living things fit to live in its habitat
ADAPTATION
METABOLISM
RESPONSIVENESS TO STIMULI
VARIATION & CHANGE
_____: add new tissue ; ______: replace damaged parts
CHARACTERISTICS & SHAPES
GROWTH AND REPAIR
VARIATION & CHANGE
COMPLEXITY & ORGANIZATION
ability to produce offspring
LOCOMOTION
REGULATION
REPRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT
activities that provide energy
METABOLISM
DEVELOPMENT
ADAPTATION
REGULATION
_______: elaborates structure; _______; putting the diff. body structures into order
GROWTH & REPAIR
VARIATION & CHANGE
CHARACTERISTICS & SHAPE
COMPLEXITY & ORGANIZATION
keep the functions under control; hormones & enzymes
ADAPTATION
REGULATION
STEREOSPECIFICITY
REPRODUCTION
all living things have shape
VARIATION & CHANGE
COMPLEXITY & ORGANIZATION
CHARACTERISTICS & SHAPES
GROWTH & REPAIR
ability to responds to its environment
RESPONSIVENESS TO STIMULI
METABOLISM
LOCOMOTION
DEVELOPMENT
ability to move
MOBILITY
LOCOMOTION
REGULATION
ADAPTATION
no organisms remain unchanged forever
GROWTH & REPAIR
COMPLEXITY & ORGANIZATION
VARIATION & CHANGE
CHARACTERISTICS & SHAPES
ability to interact with nature in a left/right handed manner
ADAPTATION
REGULATION
LOCOMOTION
STEREOSPECIFICITY
all changes undergone by an organism
REGULATION
DEVELOPMENT
LOCOMOTION
REPRODUCTION
universal solvent
CYTOPLASM
LIQUID
WATER
FATS
organic compounds
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
FATS & LIPIDS
ALL OF THE ABOVE
INORGANIC ELEMENT EXCEPT ONE
BULK ELEMENTS
CHEMICAL ELEMENT
TRACE ELEMENTS
basic unit of living organisms
CELL
MOLECULE
ATOM
MITOCHONDRION
“little organs’’ perform specific functions
ORGANS
ORGANELLES
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
enclosed the cytoplasm
CYTOPLASM
CELL MEMBRANE/PLASMA MEMBRANE
RIBOSOMES
MICROVILLI
living material surrounding the nucleus
ROUGH ER
FLAGELLA
LYSOSOME
CYTOPLASM
contains genetic material of the cell (DNA) &nucleoli
NUCLEOLUS
NUCLEUS
VESICLES
CILIA
site of RNA
NUCLEUS
NUCLEOLI
NUCLEAR ENVELOP
NUCLEOPLASM
main site of protein synthesis
ROUGH ER
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SMOOTH ER
RIBOSOMES
many ribosomes attached to it; also a site of protein synthesis
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
MICROTUBULE
site of lipid synthesis
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
CENTRIOLES
packages proteins in secretory vesicles
VACUOLES
VESICLE
LYSOSOME
GOLGI APPARATUS
contains material produced in the cell; secreted by exocytosis
SECRETORY VESICLES
VACUOLES
LYSOSOME
CHROMATIDS
contains enzymes that digest material
NUCLEUS
LYSOSOME
CENTROSOMES
CENTRIOLES
site of aerobic respiration; major site of ATP synthesis
MICROVILLI
FLAGELLA
MITOCHONDRION
CYTOPLASM
supports cytoplasm; assist in cell division
LYSOSOME
MICROTUBULE
FLAGELLA
SKELETON
facilitate the movement of chromosomes
CHROMOSOMES
GOLGI APPARATUS
CENTRIOLES
MICROVILLI
move substances over the surface of the cell
FLAGELLA
CILIA
MICROVILLI
VESICLE
propel sperm cells
CILIA
MICROVILLI
CELL
FLAGELLA
increase surface area of certain cells for absorption of nutrients
CILIA
MICROVILLI
FLAGELLA
CENTRIOLES
after the passage of time/number of cell division, the cell die
DEATH GENES THEORY
DNA DAMAGE
CELLULAR CLOCK THEORY
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
activated late in life causing cells to deteriorate & die
CELLULAR CLOCK THEORY
DNA DAMAGE
DEATH GENES THEORY
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
exposure to UV light, mutagenic pollutants, and the presence of free radicals causes cells degeneration & eventually death
CELLULAR CLOCK THEORY
DNA DAMAGE
MITOCHHONDRIAL DNA
DEATH GENES THEORY
is more susceptible to damage caused by free radicals
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
CELLULAR CLOCK THEORY
DNA DAMAGE
DEATH GENES THEORY
utermost component of a cell; encloses the cytoplasm
MITOCHONDRIA
CYTOPLASM
PLASMA MEMBRANE
NUCLEUS
substances outside the cell
INTRACELLULAR
MITOSIS
EXTRACELLULAR
INTERCELLULAR
substances inside the cell
EXTRACELLULAR
INTERCELLULAR
CELL MEMBRANE
INTRACELLULAR
does not require the cell to use energy (ATP)
ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
SECOND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
requires the cell to use energy (ATP)
ACTIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
OSMOSIS
movement of solute from higher concentration to lower concentration
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
generally composed of one/more substances
SOLVENT
SOLUTE
SOLUBLE
SOLUTION
dissolved in the predominant liquid/gas
SOLUTION
SOLUTES
SOLVENT
OSMOSIS
diffuse through membrane channels
LIPIS-SOLUBLE MOLECULES
NON LIPID-SOLUBLE MOLECULES
LYSE
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
diffuse directly through the cell membrane
NON LIPID-SOLUBLE MOLECULE
PASSIVE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
LIPID-SOLUBLE MOLECULES
MITOSIS
diffusion of solvent (water) across a selective permeable membrane from higher to lower concentration
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
INTERPHASE
force to required to move water across a selective permeable membrane
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
LYSE
CRENATION
moves water out of the tube; prevents further movement of water into the tube
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
CYTOKINESIS
swell/burst
DIFFUSION
CRENATION
OSMOSIS
LYSE
SHRINKAGE
LYSE
CRENATION
OSMOSIS
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
process that moves substances across the cell membrane from higher to lower concentration
DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
process that moves substances across the cell membrane from lower to higher concentration
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
SECOND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
moves Na+ out of the cells & K+ into the cells
COTRANSPORT
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUP
ACTIVE-MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
involves the active transport of one substance
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
SECOND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
EXOCYTOSIS
diffusing substances moves the same direction
COUNTERTRANSPORT
COTRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
VESICLES
diffusing substances move the opposite direction
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
COTRANSPORT
PINOCYTOSIS
COUNTERTRANSPORT
uptake of material through the cell membrane by the formation of a vesicle
EXOCYTOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
ENDOCYTOSIS
SECOND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
membrane-bound sacs
VESICLES
VACOULES
EXOCYTOSIS
CILIA
solid particles are ingested “cell eating”
PINOCYTOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
COTRANSPORT
PHAGOCYTOSIS
liquid intake “cell drinking”
PHAGOCYTOSIS
PINOCYTOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
MEIOSIS
movementofmaterial out of the cell by a vesicle
PHAGOCYTOSIS
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
SECOND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
includes the changes a cell undergoes
CELL LIFE CYCLE
DEVELOPMENT
ENDOCYTOSIS
ADAPTATION
phase between cell divisions; rest period in between two successive mitosis
ANAPHASE
INTERPHASE
TELOPHASE
METAPHASE
first gap phase; cell carries out routine metabolic activities
S PHASE
G0 PHASE
G1 PHASE
G2 PHASE
synthesis phase; the DNA is replicated
G0 PHASE
G1 PHASE
S PHASE
G2 PHASE
second gap phase; cell also carries out routine metabolic activities
G0 PHASE
G2 PHASE
S PHASE
G1 PHASE
they remain unless stimulated to divide
G3 PHASE
G2 PHASE
G1 PHASE
G0 PHASE
cell division; new cells necessary for growth & tissue repair are produced; parent cell divides to form two daughter cells
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
INTERPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
chromatin strands condense to form chromosomes
ANAPHASE
METAPHASE
PROPHASE
TELOPHASE
composed of two identical strands of chromatin
CENTROMERE
CENTRIOLES
CHROMOSOMES
LYSOSOME
specialized region where chromatin joined together at one point
CHROMOSOMES
CHROMATIDS
CENTRIOLES
CENTROMERE
chromosomes align along the equator with spindle fibers from each pair of centrioles
ANAPHASE
METAPHASE
INTERPHASE
TELOPHASE
chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibers toward the poles of the cell
METAPHASE
TELOPHASE
PROPHASE
ANAPHASE
migration of each set of chromosome is complete
TELOPHASE
ANAPHASE
METAPHASE
PROPHASE
plasma membrane completely separates the two new daughter cells
MITOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
MEIOSIS
PROPHASE
produced in the testes &ovaries
VESICLES
FLAGELLA
GAMETES/SEX CELLS
FOOD MATERIAL
TWO DIVISIONS OF MEIOSOS
MEIOSIS I & MEISOSI II
MEIOSIS III & MEIOSIS IV
MEIOSIS V & MEIOSIS VI
MEIOSIS VII & MEIOSIS VIII
CELLS HAS (a) CHROMOSOMES
process of forming these complex of homologues
MEIOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
CYTOSIS
SYNAPSIS
allows genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes while they are physically joined
SYNAPSIS
MEIOSIS
MITOSIS
CROSSING OVER
exchange process that occurs between paired chromosomes
MITOSIS
SYNAPSIS
CROSSING OVER
MEIOSIS
pair chromosomes align along the center of the cell
METAPHASE I
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE I
TELOPHASE II
chromosomes move apart to opposite side of the cell
PROPHASE II
METAPHASE II
ANAPHASE I
PROPHASE I
after meiosis, each daughter cell has 1 chromosomes from each of the pairs/23 chromosomes
METAPHASE I
TELOPHASE I
PROPHASE II
ANAPHASE II
2nd meiotic division is similar to mitosis, chromosomes, consists of 2 chromatids
TELOPHASE I
ANAPHASE I
TELOPHASE II
METAPHASE II
chromosomes align along the center of the cell
METAPHASE
METAPHASE II
PROPHASE II
ANAPHASE I
chromatids separate at the centromere; daughter cell receives 1 chromatids from chromosome
PROPHASE II
METAPHASE II
ANAPHASE II
TELOPHASE II
each four daughter cells contains 23 chromosomes only; newnuclei form around the chromosomes
PROPHASE I
METAPHASE I
TELOPHASE II
ANAPHASE I
most abundant compound on earth
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
WATER
HYDROGEN
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER: 1 OXYGEN ATOM
2 ELECTRONS (INNER SHELL): 6 ELECTRONS (OUTER SHELL)
1 ELECTRON (INNER SHELL) : 3 ELECTRONS (OUTER SHELL)
4 ELECTRONS (OUTER SHELL) : 2 ELECTRONS (INNER SHELL)
3 ELECTRONS (INNER SHELL) : 4 ELECTRONS (OUTER SHELL)
1 electron (single shell/orbit)
SINGLE OXYGEN ATOM
2 HYDROGEN ATOM
4 NITROGEN ATOM
1 OXYGEN ATOM
chemical formula of water
Na+
H+
CaHO3
H2O
oxygen electronegativity
4
2.5
3.5
1.4
hydrogen electronegativity
1.4
3.5
18
2.1
electronegativity difference
3.5
1.4
2.1
3.5
maximum electronegativity
4
5
8
2
total atomic mass of water
14
17.5
18
15
unequal sharing of electrons
POLAR COVALENT BOND
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
UNIPOLAR COVALENT BOND
BIPOLAR COVALENT BOND
equal sharing of electrons
NON POLAR COVALENT BOND
UNIPOLAR COVALENT BOND
BIPOLAR COVALENT BOND
POLAR COVALENT BOND
attraction & adherence between similar water molecule
ADHESION
COHESION
HYDROGEN BONDING
attraction & adherence between water molecule & other molecule
COHESION
HYDROGEN BONDING
ADHESION
attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom(naattract si hydrogen sa ibang oxygen; nangangabit)
HYDROGEN BONDING
COHESION
ADHESION
within molecules
INTERMOLECULAR H-BONDS
INTRAMOLECULAR H-BONDS
between molecules
INTERMOLECULAR H-BONDS
INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS
cell division; new cells necessary for growth & tissue repair are produced; parent cell divides to form two daughter cells
CYTOSIS
MITOSIS
MEIOSIS
SHIMENET
rest period in between two successive mitosis
TELOPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
INTERPHASE
chromatin strands condense to form chromosomes
ANAPHASE
PROPHASE
TELOPHASE
PARAPHASE
composed of two identical strands of chromatin
CENTROSOMES
CENTRIOLES
CHROMOSOMES
SOLUTION
specialized region where chromatin joined together at one point
CENTROMERE
CENTRIOLES
CENTROSOMES
CHROMOSOMES
chromosomes align along the equator with spindle fibers from each pair of centrioles
ANAPHASE
PROPHASE
TELOPHASE
METAPHASE
chromosomes are pulled by the spindle fibers toward the poles of the cell
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
migration of each set of chromosome is complete
INTERPHASE
TELOPHASE
METAPHASE
PROPHASE
cohesion; maintain a liquid state in ambient temp/room temp
LIQUID STATE AT AMBIENT TEMP
DENSITY CHANGE WITH STATE
SURFACE TENSION
hydrogen bonds & cohesion: responsible for water’s property of surface tension
DENSITY CHANGES WITH STATE
SURFACE TENSION
LIQUID STATE AT AMBIENT TEMP
amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree celsius
HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT
SPECIFIC HEAT
BOILING POINT
high specific heat of water
4182 kJ/mole
100C
250 - 500 kJ/mole
4182 J/kgC
boiling point
100C
500C
250C
2 - 40 kJ/mole
water molecules move further apart & form regular patterns; less dense in solid form than liquid form
SOLID FORM
LIQUID FORM
GAS FORM
regular patterns
CRYSTALLINE
LATTICE
CRYSTALINE LATTICE
water molecules form irregular but more compact arrangements; denser in liquid form than ice
SOLID FORM
LIQUID FORM
GAS FORM
unique solid form of water; allow life to thrive below
ICE
CUBE
TUBE
move further apart & form small vapor droplets; least dense in gas form than liquid & solid
LIQUID FORM
GAS FORM
SOLID FORM
2 positive polar ends attracts negative ion; single negative polar end attracts positive ion
SOLAR POWER
LIQUID STATE AT AMBIENT TEMP
CAPPILARY ACTION
process of breakdown of compound by water
LYSIS
CYTOKINESIS
HYDROLYSIS
ascension of liquids through slim tube; important in almost all biological process of living organisms
DENSITY CHANGE WITH STATE
CAPILLARY ACTION
SURFACE TENSION
electron-rich molecules; reactant/product in many metabolic reactions
ACID
NUCLEOPHILE
ELECTROPHILE
BASE
1 oxygen: 3 hydrogen (H3O+)
BASE
ACID
HYDRONIUM BASE
HYDRONIUM ACID
1 oxygen: 1 hydrogen (OH-)
ACID
HYDRONIUM BASE
HYDRONIUM ACID
BASE
electron-poor molecules
ELECTROPHILE
NUCLEOPHILE
HYDROPHILIC
ACID
a proton/hydrogen donor
WATER
ACID
BASE
strong acid; stomach (HCl)
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
CARBONIC ACID
BICARBONATE
weak acid; blood (H2CO3); produced by the metabolism of carbon dioxide from tissue
BICARBONATE
SULFURIC ACID
CARBONIC ACID
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
a proton/hydrogen acceptor
WATER
BASE
ACID
NONE OF THE ABOVE
strong base (NaOH)
BASE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
BICARBONATE
SULFURIC BASE
weak base (HCO3-)
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
BICARBONATE
HYDROCHOLORIC ACID
CARBONIC ACID
0 to 6; BELOW 7
NEUTRAL
ACIDIC
ALKALINE
7
ACIDIC
NEUTRAL
BASE
ALKALINE
8 to 14; ABOVE 7
ACIDIC
ACID
BASE
ALKALINE
as H+ increases the pH decrease vice versa
TRANSVERSE RELATIONSHIP
HYDROGEN BONDING
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
LOGARITHMIC RELATIONSHIP
normal range of blood pH (plasma)
pH = 18.5
pH = 7.2
pH= 7.37 - 7.42
pH = 6.5
normal range of blood pH (cell)
pH = 7.2
pH = 7.37 - 7.42
pH = 7.5
pH = 6.5
pH = < 7.4
ACIDEMIA
ALKALEMIA
pH = > 7.4
ALKALEMIA
ACIDEMIA
catalyzed the CO2 to be transported to the lungs
CARBONIC PASTE
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
CARBONIC BASE
ACID BASE
formed by the metabolism of proteins & phospholipids; non-volatile
FIXED ACIDS
NON-VOLATILE
VOLATILE
BASE FORM
important regulatory mechanisms that maintain the acid-base balance in the body
BUFFERS
BUMPERS
SHIMINET LIKE
BASE BUFFERS
THE pH OF A SOLUTION IS EXPRESSED BY
HENDERSON HASSELBACH EQUATION
HENRY HASSELWITCH EQUATION
HARRY HOMOLOGUES EQUATION
HEMMINGTON HUNTERSON EQUATION
