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Unit 9: Evolution Review

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do?

a)

Evolution

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Biogeography

d)

Biogeology

2.

What does comparative DNA tell scientists?

a)

Types of proteins they have

b)

How much DNA an organism has

c)

How similar two organisms are

d)

Number of mitochondria

3.

The tail bone, wisdom teeth, and appendix are all parts of the human anatomy that would be considered...

a)

homologous structures

b)

vestigial structures

c)

fossils

d)

extinct

4.
Where humans have bred organisms together based on traits we like.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction 
d)
Artificial Selection
5.

Whales are aquatic mammals that contain a pelvis (hip) bone. Even though it does not aid in its movement, the function must have been used by a common ancestor of the whale. Thus, the pelvis is referred to as a(n)

a)

vestigial structure

b)

analogous structure

c)

homologous structure

6.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
7.

Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry

a)

vestigial structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

adaptive radiation

d)

fossil

8.
Which best describes mutations?
a)
Always helpful
b)
Always harmful
c)
Can be helpful or harmful
d)
Always neutral
9.
Change over time
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Evolution
10.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
11.

Better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Extinction

d)

Artifical Selection

12.
This scientist came up with the idea of natural selection.
a)
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
b)
Gregor Mendel
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Thomas Malthus
13.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
14.
Survival of the fittest or when favorable adaptations reproduce faster is called what?
a)
Evolution
b)
Adaptation
c)
Natural selection
d)
Fossilization
15.
Structures with the same parts have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry
a)
vestigial structures
b)
homologous structures
c)
adaptive radiation
d)
fossil
16.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
17.

What do we call a change in a species over time?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Evolution

c)

Extinction

d)

Environmental influences

18.
Ostrich wings are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
vestigial structures
c)
adaptations
d)
traits
19.
Why do embryologist study embryos?
a)
to see if they are related
b)
to understand adaptations
c)
to determine the age
d)
to learn what parents are vestigial
20.
What is embryology?
a)
the age of organisms
b)
the oldest stage of development
c)
the life span of an organism
d)
the earliest growth stage of development
21.
When an organism completely dies out, it is called.....
a)
Adaption
b)
Extinction
c)
Fossilization
d)
Mutation
22.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
23.
Comparing human hemoglobin of chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with 
a)
Kangaroos
b)
Horses
c)
chickens
d)
chimpanzees
24.

According to the picture, how has the environment led to changes over time?

a)

Animals were able to walk in the past, but now they swim.

b)

A species has lived there and never changed.

c)

Animals used to swim in the past, but now they walk.

d)

The environment was changed when animals decided to walk instead of swim.

25.

Which animal is the LEAST similar to the Human from the list below?

a)

Bat

b)

LIzard

c)

Whale

d)

Bird

26.

Which animal is the MOST similar to the Human from the list below?

a)

Bat

b)

LIzard

c)

Whale

d)

Bird

27.

What caused the Horse and Whale to evolve?

a)

They wanted to become bigger so they ate as much as they could.

b)

Their environments changed so they had to adapt.

c)

They wanted to look different so they changed their appearance.

28.

Which two animals are closer relatives?

a)

Dolphin and Wolf

b)

Wolf and Shark

c)

Shark and Dolphin

29.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
30.

Evolution is best defined as:

a)

the process which organisms die.

b)

the process which organisms change over time.

c)

the process which organisms that are extinct become revived.

d)

the process which non-living things fossilize.

31.

What do we call a change in a species over time?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Evolution

c)

Extinction

d)

Environmental influences

32.

The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Vestigial Organs

d)

Convergent Evolution

33.

Slow changes over a long period of time.

a)

Gradualism

b)

Extinction

c)

Coevolution

d)

Convergent evolution

34.

Bursts of change followed by periods of stability.

a)

Punctuated equilibrium

b)

Gradualism

c)

Extinction

d)

Speciation

35.

A number of different species arise from one common ancestor.

a)

Adaptive Radiation (aka, Divergent Evolution)

b)

Gradualism

c)

Coevolution

d)

Speciation

36.
a)

Phyletic Speciation

b)

Adaptive Radiation

c)

Convergent Evoltion

d)

Divergent Evoltuion

e)

Co-evolution

37.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
a)
speciation
b)
punctuated equilibrium
c)
gradualism
d)
microevolution
38.
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs in periods of rapid change separated by periods of little or no change is called
a)
divergence
b)
gradualism
c)
punctuated equilibrium
d)
isolation
39.
 What type of evolution is demonstrated in this photo?
a)
Coevolution
b)
Convergent evolution
c)
Punctuated evolution
d)
Gradualistic evolution
40.
Sharks and dolphins both have streamlined bodies that allow them to move through water efficiently, this is an example of which type of evolution?
a)
Divergent
b)
Coevolution
c)
Convergent
d)
Artificial
41.

The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Divergent Evolution

c)

Vestigial Organs

d)

Convergent Evolution

42.

The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Evolutionary Arms Race

c)

Divergent Evolution

d)

Convergent Evolution

43.

Which of these is an example of Divergent Evolution?

a)

The Whale Lineage

b)

Cheetah Cubs

c)

Darwin's Finches

d)

Dolphin and Shark Bodies

44.

Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

45.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
46.

A trait or change in lifestyle that helps a plant or animal survive in its environment

a)

adaptation

b)

evolution

c)

homologous

d)

vestigial

47.
Mutations are important because they bring about
a)
death of the organism in which they develop
b)
genetic variation needed for a population to evolve
c)
benefits for the individual, not for the population
d)
Hardey-Weinberg equilibrium within a population
48.
The green frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog.
Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?
a)
A.  It increases the probability that some offspring will survive long enough to reproduce.
b)
It increases the chance of the recombination of alleles, leading to genetic drift in the population.
c)
A.  It increases opportunities for offspring to compete for limited resources.
49.

What type of evidence is shown in this picture?

a)

Fossils

b)

Homologous Structures

c)

Vestigial Structures

d)

DNA

50.
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
a)
better traits
b)
stronger genes
c)
more offspring
d)
fewer mutations
51.
Vertebrate embryos pass through similar stages of development is evidence for
a)
use and disuse
b)
homologous structures
c)
common ancestry
d)
acquired characteristics
52.
Fossils, similar body shape, and similar DNA are all evidence that evolution has taken place on our planet. What is the fourth piece of evidence?
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a)
Similarities in hair color
b)
Similar interests
c)
Similarities in early development
d)
Similar hunting patterns
53.

What does the similarity of these structures tell us about these organisms?

a)

They grow at different rates

b)

they have a common ancestor

c)

They evolved slowly

d)

They do the same thing

54.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

55.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

56.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

57.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

58.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

59.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

60.

What type of speciation is this?

a)

Geographical

b)

Temporal

c)

Behavioral

61.
What do you call all of the genes in a population?
a)
Gene pool
b)
Relative Frequency
c)
Genetic Drift
d)
Allele pool
62.
A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Mutation
63.

If a population experiences no migration, is very large, has no mutations, has random mating, and there is no selection, which of the following would you predict?

a)

The population will evolve, but much more slowly than normal

b)

The makeup of the population's gene pool will remain virtually the same as long as these conditions hold.

c)

The composition of the population's gene pool will change slowly in a predictable manner.

d)

Dominant alleles in the population's gene pool will slowly increase in frequency while recessive alleles will decrease.

e)

The population probably has an equal frequency of A and a alleles.

64.

It can be harder for small island populations to evolve. Why?

a)

They are at genetic equilibrium.

b)

They have more phenotypic plasticity.

c)

They have less genetic diversity.

d)

They exhibit disruptive selection.

65.

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

a)

Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.

b)

Because they come from dominant alleles.

c)

Because they come from recessive alleles.

d)

Because the organism knew it needed that trait, survives, and passes it on.

66.

Starlings produce an average of five eggs in each clutch. If there are more than five,

the parents cannot adequately feed the young. If there are fewer than five, predators may destroy the entire clutch. As a result, five eggs becomes the most common clutch size.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

67.

Seed cracker birds have either large beaks or small beaks. They do not have medium sized beaks because medium sized beaks do not allow for adequate cracking of seeds.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

68.

A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees and

discovers that the most common circumference is 2 cm. There are very few acorns with circumferences of 3 cm or

circumferences of 1 cm. Only the 2 cm circumference acorns survive.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

69.

_A population of Madagascar hissing cockroaches lives in a woodpile. The

cockroaches are eaten by lizards. Because the lizards have small heads, the lizards are unable to eat the very largest

adult cockroaches, and instead prey upon small and medium sized adults. Over time, only the large headed lizards

survive.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

70.

Female birds that lay close to the optimum number of eggs have the most surviving offspring. Those that lay fewer or more eggs have lower relative fitness.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

71.

A population of birds with various size beaks eats seeds. Small seeds can be eaten

by birds with small beaks. Larger, thicker seeds can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. During a

drought, only large thick seeds exist so only the large, thick-beaked birds survive.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

72.

Black rabbits (BB) and white rabbits (bb) are both able to survive because they can camouflage into the white and black rocks in their environment. However, the intermediate gray rabbits (Bb) do not survive. This results in only white and black rabbits.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

73.

Small lizards have difficulty defending territories so they end up dying out. Large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Over time, only medium sized lizards end up surviving.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

74.

Women often have complications during labor while giving birth to very large babies, whereas very small babies tend to be underdeveloped. As a result, medium sized babies are the ones that end up surviving to adulthood.

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

75.

NAME THAT CURVE!!

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

76.

NAME THAT CURVE!!

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

77.

NAME THAT CURVE!!

a)

Directional Selection

b)

Stabilizing Selection

c)

Disruptive Selection

78.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
geographic isolation 
79.
Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are beginning to only mate with the type of males with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
80.
The flowers of pink tulips open in the morning, while the flowers of lavender tulips open in the early afternoon. The bees that pollinate these tulips cannot carry pollen back & forth between the two types of tulips because of their flowers being closed at different times of day. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
81.
The term for the formation of new and distinct species over the course of evolution is...
a)
speciation
b)
biological species concept
c)
reproductive barrier
d)
natural selection
82.
What is a species? 
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
b)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
c)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment. 

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