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Ecosystem Dynamics

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 4hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A __________ includes all living and non-living things in an environment. 
a)
population
b)
niche
c)
abitotic
d)
ecosystem
2.

Which organism make their own food through the process of photosynthesis?

a)

decomposer, ex mushrooms

b)

consumer, ex tiger

c)

herbivore, ex cow

d)

producer, ex grass

3.
Which is true about the first (bottom) trophic level in an energy pyramid?
a)
It has the most available energy and includes all consumers
b)
It has the most avaliable energy and includes all producers
c)
It includes primary consumers (heterotrophs), which are known as herbivores
d)
In includes primary consumers (autotrophs), which are known as herbivores
4.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in the producers gets passed to the herbivores?
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
90%
5.
Consumer that eats plants
a)
heterotroph
b)
herbivore
c)
producer
d)
community
6.
organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
species
7.

How many autotrophs are in this food web?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

4

d)

2

8.
Organisms that feed on both living producers and other consumers.
a)
Carnivores
b)
Omnivores
c)
Herbivores
d)
Detritivores
9.
The image provided is an example of a(n):
a)
Producer
b)
Autotroph
c)
Consumer
d)
Insect
10.
What type of relationship is this?
a)
Predator-Prey
b)
Producer-Consumer
c)
Parasite-Host
11.
An organism that helps to recycle nutrients within an ecosystem by eating dead or decaying organisms is a:
a)
Predator
b)
Autotroph
c)
Producer
d)
Decomposer
12.
Where does the energy start in this food chain?
a)
Plant
b)
Sun
c)
Deer
d)
Wolf
13.
What is an autotroph?
a)
an organism that can make their own food. 
b)
an organism that cannot make their own food
c)
Herbivore
d)
Omnivore
14.
Which is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?
a)
a river
b)
a lake 
c)
an estuary
d)
a stream
15.

______: The largest number of individuals that an environment can support.

a)

Carrying Capacity

b)

Biodiversity

c)

Limiting Factors

16.

______: Resources that restrict the size of a population.

a)

Limiting Factors

b)

Biodiversity

c)

Carrying Capacity

17.

______: Nonliving things in an ecosystem (air, soil, water, sunlight)

a)

Abiotic Factors

b)

Biotic Factors

18.

______: Living factors in an ecosystem (plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, etc.)

a)

Biotic Factors

b)

Abiotic Factors

19.

What would happen if a species reached its carrying capacity?

a)

the species could become endangered or possibly extinct

b)

the birth rate and death rate of the species would be equal

c)

the species' population would double in a short period of time

20.

Which of the following is *NOT* a limiting factor in an ecosystem?

a)

plenty of available food and water

b)

predators in the ecosystem

c)

harsh weather conditions

d)

competition with other members of the species

21.

Which of the following is a BIOTIC factor in an ecosystem?

a)

Trees

b)

Air

c)

Water

d)

Soil

22.

Which of the following is an ABIOTIC factor in an ecosystem?

a)

Worms

b)

Fruit

c)

Soil

d)

Fish

23.

The _______ includes all living organisms on Earth along with the spheres they interact with (lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere).

a)

Biosphere

b)

Biome

c)

Community

d)

Ecosystem

24.

In this food web, how many different organisms feed on the producer?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

25.

If the bird population DECREASED, which populations would INCREASE as a result?

a)

bees and deer

b)

bees and grasshoppers

c)

snakes and hawks

d)

grasshoppers and rabbits

26.

In this aquatic food web, which organisms eat the squid?

a)

It has no predators

b)

seagull and krill

c)

seal and krill

d)

seal and seagull

27.

In this food web, a ___ is a primary consumer and a ___ is a secondary consumer.

a)

deer, eagle

b)

grasshopper, mouse

c)

mouse, snake

d)

tree, grasshopper

28.

If a disease eliminated the hawk population, which population would immediately INCREASE?

a)

grasshopper

b)

snake

c)

grass

d)

hawk

29.

If a disease eliminated the frog population, which population would immediately INCREASE?

a)

grasshopper

b)

snake

c)

hawk

d)

grass

30.

If a disease eliminated the snake population, which population would immediately DECREASE?

a)

hawk

b)

frog

c)

grasshoppers

d)

grass

31.

A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, and if it were removed, the ecosystem would change drastically.

a)

endangered species

b)

keystone species

c)

primary species

d)

apex species

32.

When energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ___ percent of the energy will be passed on.

a)

1000

b)

100

c)

1

d)

10

33.

When a population nears its carrying capacity, resources become limited. Population growth slows and ______.

a)

the death rate and birth rate increase

b)

deaths outnumber births

c)

the birth rate increases at a fast rate

d)

the birth rate and death rate are equal

34.

The blue line on the graph shows the rabbit population, and the red line shows the wolf population. Which statement about the graph is true?

a)

When the wolf population begins to increase, the rabbit population begins to decrease.

b)

When the rabbit population is at its lowest, the wolf population is also at its lowest.

c)

When the rabbit population is at its highest, the wolf population is also at its highest.

d)

When the wolf population begins to increase, the rabbit population also begins to increase.

35.

_________ is the largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support.

a)

carrying capacity

b)

limiting factor

c)

biodiversity

d)

biotic factor

36.

When a population nears its carrying capacity, resources become limited. Population growth slows and ______.

a)

deaths outnumber births

b)

the birth rate and death rate are equal

c)

the birth rate increases

d)

the death rate increases

37.

If a population exceeds the carrying capacity, ____________.

a)

deaths outnumber births

b)

births outnumber deaths

c)

births and deaths are equal

d)

the population drops to zero

38.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a limiting factor?

a)

Diseases

b)

Predators

c)

Trophic Level

d)

Available Shelter

39.

A _______ is a component that restricts the size of a population. Examples include food, water, shelter, space, disease, predation, and climate conditions.

a)

limiting factor

b)

carrying capacity

c)

apex predator

d)

abiotic factor

40.

A ______ species is a species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, and if it were removed, the ecosystem would change drastically.

a)

Keystone

b)

Apex

c)

Primary

d)

Endangered

41.

A disease reduces the number of young salmon in a river. Which population will MOST likely increase as a result?

a)

trout and eagle

b)

algae and trout

c)

sculpin and algae

42.

Which is a difference between abiotic and biotic factors?

a)

Abiotic factors are plants and biotic factors are animals.

b)

Abiotic factors are all living things and biotic factors are all nonliving things.

c)

Abiotic factors are all nonliving things and biotic factors are all living things.

43.

Which is most accurate in describing an estuary ecosystem?

a)

High salt levels keep the water clear of nutrients and proteins.

b)

Freshwater mixes with saltwater to provide a nutrient-rich environment.

c)

Cold water mixes with saltwater to create a cooling effect that encourages growth.

44.
An ecosystem where water covers the soil or water is near the surface of the soil is called
a)
a desert
b)
an ocean
c)
an estuary
d)
a wetland
45.

In an energy pyramid, energy _________ as you move up the pyramid.

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

stays the same

d)

changes up and down

46.

In this energy pyramid, which organisms have the most energy available?

a)

Producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Top Predator

47.

In this energy pyramid, which organism has the least amount of energy available?

a)

Producers

b)

Carnivores

c)

Herbivores

d)

Top Predator

48.

The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

49.

Biomass is the total number of organisms in a given area.

Which trophic level in the pyramid has the highest biomass?

a)

PRODUCERS

b)

PRIMARY CONSUMERS

c)

SECONDARY CONSUMERS

d)

TERTIARY CONSUMERS

50.

What type of diagram shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food web?

a)

Energy Pyramid

b)

Food Web

c)

Ecosystem

d)

Food Chain

51.

If there is 1000 Kcal available at the producers level, how much energy is available in the primary consumers level?

a)

100 Kcal

b)

10 Kcal

c)

1 Kcal

d)

1000 Kcal

52.

Which correctly shows the role of the rabbit

a)

Primary (1st) Consumer

b)

Secondary (2nd) Consumer

c)

Tertiary (3rd) Consumer

d)

Producer

53.

How much energy gets transferred to the next trophic level in an energy pyramid?

a)

1%

b)

5%

c)

10%

d)

90%

54.

What happens to the energy that is not moved up to each of the trophic levels?

a)

It is lost as water.

b)

It is lost as air.

c)

It is lost as heat.

d)

It goes back to the primary producers.

55.

How much energy is lost as heat?

a)

30%

b)

10%

c)

90%

d)

100%

56.
Biome with plants and grasses, but no trees.
a)
grassland
b)
savannah
c)
taiga
d)
tundra
57.
Biome with many scattered shrubs, tall grasses and small trees.
a)
Savannah
b)
Grassland
c)
Desert
d)
Taiga
58.
Biome with many different species of cacti and reptiles and very little rainfall.
a)
Desert
b)
Temperate Rainforest
c)
Tropical Rainforest
d)
Tundra
59.
Cold, dry biome where the soil stays frozen the entire year. Very little precipitation.
a)
savannah
b)
taiga
c)
tundra
d)
desert
60.
Forest biome with many different trees, mosses and ferns; most trees lose and regrow their leaves each year.
a)
temperate rainforest
b)
biome
c)
savannah
d)
boreal
61.
Northern biome with many coniferous trees; very cold temperatures in the winter months.
a)
Taiga
b)
tundra
c)
desert
d)
temperate rain forest
62.
Type of forest biome near the equator; receives a lot of rain; temperatures are warm all year.
a)
desert
b)
tropical rain forest
c)
arctic
d)
temperate rain forest
63.
Type of tree that loses and regrows leaves each year.
a)
deciduous
b)
coniferous
c)
pine tree
d)
oak tree
64.
What is the main factor that separates the biomes?
a)
Land
b)
Water
c)
Climate
d)
Longitude
65.
Which biome has the most variety of plants and animals?
a)
Temperate Forest
b)
Rainforest
c)
Tundra
d)
Grasslands
66.
Which biome is the driest?
a)
Desert
b)
Tundra
c)
Taiga
d)
Rainforest
67.
Which biome has 4 seasons?
a)
Taiga
b)
Tundra
c)
Grasslands
d)
Temperate Forest
68.
Which biome is home to lions, zebras, wildebeests, giraffes, and elephants?
a)
Grasslands
b)
Tundra
c)
Rainforest
d)
Temperate Forest
69.
Which biome is home to cacti, scorpions, coyotes, kangaroo rats, and lizards?
a)
Desert
b)
Grasslands
c)
Temperate Forest
d)
Taiga
70.
Which biome produces over 50% of the world's oxygen?
a)
Rainforest
b)
Temperate Forest
c)
Grasslands
d)
Taiga
71.
Which biome is Canada in?
a)
Tundra
b)
Taiga
c)
Temperate Forest
d)
Desert
72.
Which biome is home to jaguars, anacondas, leopards, gorillas, and poisonous tree frogs?
a)
Grasslands
b)
Temperate Forest
c)
Rainforest
d)
Tundra
73.
This biome contains mostly spruce trees and Douglas firs, which are both evergreen.  The winters are long and cold and the summers are short and rainy.  The soil is very rich.  Moose and elk live here.  This biome is classified as a
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
temperate forest
74.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
75.
Identify an a example of an abiotic factor?
a)
Panda
b)
Turtle
c)
Butterfly
d)
sunlight
76.
Biotic factors of an ecosystem are:
a)
non-living
b)
plants
c)
living thing
d)
soil
77.

Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?

a)

tropical rain forest

b)

desert

c)

deciduous forest

d)

grassland

78.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

79.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

80.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
81.

Which element is not cycled through the atmosphere and stays only on ground level?

a)

carbon

b)

nitrogen

c)

phosphorus

d)

water

82.
Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. This relationship neither harms nor benefits the whales. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
83.
Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the developing seeds. Both species benefit. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
84.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
85.

Hermit Crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Competition

86.
a relationship that occurs when two or more organims of the same species need the same resource at the same time
a)
competition
b)
symbiosis
c)
predation
87.
In a mutual relationship, both organisms are ________________. 
a)
hurt
b)
not effected
c)
harmed
d)
benefiting 
88.
In a parasitic relationship, one organism is ___________ and one organism is benefiting. 
a)
helped
b)
harmed
c)
not effected
d)
happy
89.
Commensalism is where one organism is benefiting and the other organism is _____________________. 
a)
not effected
b)
helped
c)
harmed
d)
hurt
90.
A tick is a parasite to a horse. Which statement best describes the relationship between the tick and the horse? 
a)
a.  The tick helps the horse get food. 
b)
a.  The tick harms the horse by feeding on its blood. 
c)
a.  The horse harms the tick by feeding on its blood. 
d)
The tick does not affect the horse. 

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