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2nd 9 weeks Semester Pre-AP Biology Review

Total questions: 120

Worksheet time: 2hrs 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until 
a)
the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter.
b)
several transcription factors have bound to the promoter.
c)
the 5' caps are removed from the mRNA.
d)
the DNA introns are removed from the template.
2.
The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is 
a)
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon.
b)
complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA.
c)
the part of tRNA that bonds with a specific amino acid.
d)
catalytic, making the tRNA a ribozyme.
3.
What is the flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to protein? (Central Dogma)
a)
RNA to DNA to protein
b)
DNA to RNA to protein
c)
protein to DNA to RNA
d)
RNA to protein to DNA
4.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
5.
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Ribosome
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Rough E.R.
6.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
a)
5' to 3' 
b)
3' to 5' along the template strand
c)
3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand
d)
5' to 3' along the template strand
7.
The parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein are called
a)
introns
b)
exons
c)
codons
d)
anticodons
8.
The production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involves
a)
cutting introns out and spicing exons together
b)
adding the 5' cap
c)
adding the 3' poly A tail
d)
all of these are correct
9.
Translation occurs:
a)
Outside of the Nucleus
b)
Inside of the Nucleus
10.
Translation is performed by:
a)
Ribosomes 
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Golgi Bodies
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum 
11.
Which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
12.

What is the correct description of eukaryotic chromosomes?

a)

many linear pieces of DNA in the cytoplasm

b)

many linear pieces of DNA in the nucleus

c)

one circular piece of DNA in the cytoplasm

d)

many circular pieces of DNA in the nucleus

13.
The anticodon is located on 
a)
DNA
b)
mRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
rRNA
14.
What is the term for making an RNA copy of DNA?
a)
Transription
b)
Translation
c)
Folding
d)
Coding
15.
Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
a)
Histones
b)
Whey
c)
Casein
d)
Hemoglobin
16.
Which of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?
a)
it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor
b)
it sets the reading frame of the mRNA
c)
it is the recognition site for ribosomal binding
d)
it signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
17.
Which of the following events in translation is the first to occur in eukaryotes?
a)
elongation of the polypeptide
b)
base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA
c)
binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits
d)
the small subunit of the ribosome recognizing and attaching to the 5'cap
18.
What must happen to a newly made polypeptide before it can be secreted from a cell?
a)
it must be translated by a ribosome that remains free of attachment to the ER
b)
its signal sequence must target it to the ER, after which it goes to the Golgi
c)
Its signal sequence must be cleaved off
d)
Its signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane
19.
Which of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?
a)
it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor
b)
it sets the reading frame of the mRNA
c)
it is the recognition site for ribosomal binding
d)
it signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
20.
Translation is crucial to the process of making proteins. Which statement best describes what takes place during translation? 
a)
A copy of chromosomal DNA is created 
b)
Information in mRNA is converted into a sequence of amino acids in a protein 
c)
A RNA copy of a DNA strand is made.
d)
Instructions from DNA in the nucleus are brought to the cytoplasm 
21.

In prokaryotes, what is the name of the permeable boundary around the cell?

(a)  

22.

In prokaryotes, what part is the site of protein synthesis?

(a)  

23.

In prokaryotes, what part is the site of protein synthesis?

(a)  

24.

In prokaryotic cells, which part stores genetic material?

a)

nucleus

b)

ribosome

c)

nucleoid region

d)

nucleolus

25.

In prokaryotic cells, what part protects the cell against mechanical and hypertonic stress?

(a)  

26.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle secretes waste?

a)

golgi apparatus

b)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

c)

vacuole

d)

ribosome

27.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle generates energy for the cell?

a)

golgi apparatus

b)

mitochondria

c)

chloroplast

d)

vacuole

e)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

28.

In eukaryotic cells, which part stores genetic information?

a)

nucleolus

b)

nucleus

c)

vacuole

d)

nucleoid region

29.

Which of the following are true about the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Embedded with ribosomes

c)

Modify and transport proteins

d)

Synthesis lipids

e)

Detoxifies the cell

30.

Which of the following are true about the cell membrane? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Controls what enters the cell

c)

Controls what leaves the cell

d)

Made of phospholipids

e)

Serves as an impermeable barrier

31.

Which of the following are true about the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (check all that apply)

a)

Only found in eukaryotic cells

b)

Embedded with ribosomes

c)

Modify and transport proteins

d)

Helps synthesize lipids and carbs

e)

Stores calcium ions

32.

Which of the following are true about the cell membrane? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Controls what enters the cell

c)

Controls what leaves the cell

d)

Made of phospholipids

e)

Serves as an impermeable barrier

33.

Which of the following are true about the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (check all that apply)

a)

Found prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

b)

Embedded with ribosomes

c)

Modify and transport proteins

d)

Synthesis lipids

e)

Detoxifies the cell

34.

Which part(s) is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

ribosome

c)

cell membrane

d)

DNA

e)

nucleus

35.

Which part(s) is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

ribosome

c)

cell membrane

d)

DNA

e)

nucleus

36.

In plant cells, what organelle is used to store nutrients and water?

a)

lysosome

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

golgi apparatus

37.

In plant cells, what organelle gives the cell structure and protects the cell?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

cell wall

38.

In plant cells, where does photosynthesis occur?

a)

chloroplast

b)

vacuole

c)

nucleolus

d)

cell wall

39.

What process occurs in the mitochondria?

(a)  

40.

What process occurs in the chloroplast?

(a)  

41.

Which of the following is true about the cytoskeleton? (check all that apply)

a)

A hard protective covering for the cell

b)

Provides reinforcement of the cell's shape

c)

Contains thin filaments that allow contraction of the muscle cells

d)

A mesh of protein fibers

e)

Stores calcium ions

42.

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is a specialized vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down old cell parts and food.

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

nucleolus

e)

lysosome

43.

In eukaryotic cells, what structure is made up of uncoiled and uncondensed DNA and proteins.

a)

chromosome

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

chromatin

e)

cytoskeleton

44.

In eukaryotic cells, what organelle produces the building blocks of ribosomes?

a)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

cytoskeleton

e)

rough endoplasmic reticulum

45.

Match the following parts of the cell to their functions:

a)

Green pigment that absorbs light energy

1.

Chlorophyll

b)

Space in the chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle occurs

2.

Stroma

c)

Membrane in the chloroplast where light reactions occur

3.

Thylakoids

d)

Organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plants

4.

Chloroplast

46.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
a)
18
b)
23
c)
46
d)
12
47.
This is a picture of __________.
a)
DNA
b)
Chromosomes
48.
How many total chromosomes do humans have?
a)
44
b)
23
c)
46
d)
50
49.
How much DNA do you get from each parent?
a)
50% from each Parent, always.
b)
It depends, not always 50%/50%.
50.
Which statement below is true?
a)
You have the same DNA as your mom.
b)
You have the same DNA as your dad.
c)
Siblings have the same DNA.
d)
Your DNA is unique to only you.
51.
Most people have BROWN hair,
so it's a __________ gene/trait.
a)
dominant
b)
recessive
52.
Your eye color is considered
a(n) _________ trait.
a)
Learned
b)
Inherited (DNA)
53.
Your accent and Language
are a(n) ___________ trait.
a)
Inherited (DNA)
b)
Learned
54.
 which is heterozygous ?  
a)
Tt
b)
TT
55.
Who was the father of genetics 
a)
Sagan 
b)
Issac Newton 
c)
Gregor Mendel 
d)
C.jenkins 
56.
Which is homozygous ?
a)
Zz
b)
SS
57.
Which is homozygous ?
a)
Zz
b)
SS
58.
A homozygous dominant dog with brown fur is crossed with a heterozygous dog with brown fur. What are the percentages of the possible genotypes?
a)
100% BB
b)
75% BB and 25%Bb
c)
50 % BB and 50% Bb
d)
50% Bb and 50% bb
59.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
60.
Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Would Squidward be considered a purebred or hybrid for light blue skin?
a)
Purebred
b)
Hybrid
61.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
62.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
63.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
64.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
65.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
66.
Two brown eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance the baby is blue eyed?
a)
0 %
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
75%
67.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
68.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
69.
Two heterozygous (Tt) tall pea plants are crossed. Which describes their offspring?
a)
50% tall and 50% short
b)
75%tall and 25% short
c)
100%short
70.
What is the corresponding codon for AGT?
a)
UCA
b)
TCA
c)
UGA
d)
ACU
71.
Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression?
a)
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed
b)
RNA polymerase binds to the promotor
c)
a poly-A tail is added to the ends of the mRNA
d)
Transcription can begin as soon as translation has begun even alittle
72.
Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase?
a)
the protein  product of the promotor
b)
start and stop codons
c)
ribosomes and tRNA
d)
several transcription factors
73.
Which of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?
a)
it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor
b)
it sets the reading frame of the mRNA
c)
it is the recognition site for ribosomal binding
d)
it signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
74.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
a)
5' to 3' 
b)
3' to 5' along the template strand
c)
3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand
d)
5' to 3' along the template strand
75.
What is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?
a)
to add modified guanin to the 3' end of the mRNA
b)
to indicate the site of translational termination
c)
to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA
d)
to help protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes 
76.
When  the spliceosome binds to a pre-mRNA transcript, where does it  typically attach?
a)
to the exons
b)
to the 5'UTR
c)
to the 3'UTR
d)
at certain sequences along an intron
77.
What is the anticodon on the tRNA that binds to mRNA codon for the DNA coding sequence AAA?
a)
TTT
b)
UUU
c)
UUA
d)
AAA
78.
Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide depends on specificity in which of the following?
a)
binding of ribosomes to mRNA
b)
shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes
c)
attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
d)
bonding of the anticodon the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs
79.
Which of the following events in translation is the first to occur in eukaryotes?
a)
elongation of the polypeptide
b)
base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA
c)
binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits
d)
the small subunit of the ribosome recognizing and attaching to the 5'cap
80.
Which is the best description of a gene?
a)
a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product; either RNA or polypeptide
b)
a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein
c)
a DNA-RNA sequence combination that results in an enzymatic product
d)
a descrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids 
81.

What is a large molecule synthesized by cells that form the structures of cells and perform the functions of life

a)
Protein
b)
Glucose
c)

Carbohydrate

d)

Biomolecule

82.

Which is a type of biomolecule that includes DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information used for protein synthesis.

a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Amino Acids
83.

A type of biomolecule that perform many functions in the cell including providing energy and structural support

a)
Proteins
b)

Carbohydrates

c)
Minerals
d)
Water
84.

A system of molecules that form structures that perform all of the functions of life

a)
Cell
b)
Atom
c)
Protein
d)
Enzyme
85.

A living organism whose cells or cell contain nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

a)
Prokaryote
b)
Virus
c)
Bacteria
d)
Eukaryote
86.

A type of biomolecule that perform many functions in the cell including energy storage and cell membrane structure.

a)
Proteins
b)
Nucleic acids
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Lipids
87.

A single-celled living organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

a)

Eukaryote

b)

Prokaryote

c)
Fungi
d)
Plant
88.

A type of biomolecule that perform many functions throughout organisms including providing structure and facilitating chemical reactions.

a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
89.

A non-living, infective agent composed of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat.

a)
Bacteria
b)
Fungus
c)
Virus
d)
Protozoa
90.

The basic unit of structure and function in living organisms.

a)
Cell
b)
Tissue
c)
Organ
d)
Organism
91.

Regulates what goes in and out of the cell

a)
Cell membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Ribosomes
92.

All cells are composed of one or more cells

a)

Cell Theory

b)

The Eukaryotic Theory

c)

Cell Science

d)

Pre-AP Biology

93.

Gives structure to plant cells (also found in bacteria and fungi)

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Nucleus
c)
Cell Wall
d)
Ribosomes
94.

The site of photosynthesis in plant cells

a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
95.

This is the fluid that surrounds the organelles

a)
Blood
b)
Lymph
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Plasma
96.

Converts energy from food into energy a cell can use

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Nucleus
c)
Ribosome
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
97.

Contains genetic material and controls the use of genes; found in eukaryotic cells

a)
Mitochondria
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Nucleus
d)
Endoplasmic reticulum
98.

A group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions

a)
Cell
b)
Organ system
c)
Organ
d)
Organism
99.

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

a)
Cell
b)
Tissue
c)
Organ system
d)
Organism
100.

A differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function

a)
Organelle
b)
Tissue
c)
Organ
d)
Organ System
101.

A group of cells in an organism that have similar structure and function

a)
Tissue
b)
Organ
c)
Organism
d)
Cell
102.

A storage area for cells; water storage in plants

a)
Chloroplast
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Vacuole
d)
Nucleus
103.

What characteristic of the structure of DNA allows DNA to carry coded genetic information? What determines human traits?

a)

A. The order of the nitrogenous bases (A,T,C,G)

b)

B. the amount of phosphate groups

c)

C. the amount of each type of nitrogenous base

104.

The DNA of all members of a species have ________ nitrogenous base composition.

a)

The Same

b)

a Different

105.

The percentage of _________ always equals the percentage of T, and the percentage of ________ equals the percentage of C.

a)

G, A

b)

C, C

c)

A, G

d)

G, G

106.

Describe the Shape of DNA

a)

Double helix

b)

Single Strand

c)

Twisty thingy

107.
The process of making an mRNA strand from a DNA template is called
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Protein Synthesis
108.
The process of using an mRNA to make a protein is called
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Translation
d)
Cell Division
109.

Carries the genetic code/message to the ribosome

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

110.

Codes for a single amino acid

a)

DNA

b)

Codon

c)

Chromosome

d)

Chromatin

111.
What amino acid is represented by the codon CAG?
a)
Aspartic Acid
b)
Histidine
c)
Glutamine
d)
Methionine
112.

Which is the mRNA molecule that would be transcribed from this DNA template:

TGG CAA GTA CGT

a)

ACC GTT CAT GCA

b)

UGG CAA GUA CGU

c)

UCC GUU CUU GCU

d)

ACC GUU CAU GCA

113.
What is the purpose of this process?
a)
to create polypeptides and, eventually proteins for gene expression
b)
to copy original DNA strands into complimentary strands
c)
to generate and release ATP
d)
to regulate the internal environment of the cell
114.

In RNA the base T is replaced with

a)

U

b)

G

c)

C

d)

A

115.

What combines together to make a protein?

a)

Amino Acid

b)

RNA

c)

Ribosome

d)

DNA

116.

What would the mRNA transcript be for the following DNA template? ATCGGATTCCGGAAT

a)

TAGCCTAAGGCCTTA

b)

UAGCCUAAGGCCUUA

117.

What does the central dogma of biology describe?

a)

Translation doesn't need transcription

b)

Protein synthesis goes from DNA to RNA to Proteins

c)

Transcription happens by itself

118.

Which amino acid is coded for by the codon AUG?

a)

Methionine (start)

b)

Leucine

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Stop

119.

Which conclusion about the genetic code is most strongly supported by the evidence presented in the diagram?

a)

A. All amino acids may be encoded by more than one codon.

b)

B. Many amino acids, although not all of them, may be encoded by more than one codon.

c)

C. Every codon may be translated into two or more amino acids.

120.

A nucleotide of DNA may contain adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine. What are each of these components?

a)

A. 5-carbon sugar

b)

B. nitrogenous base

c)

C. phosphate group

d)

D. nucleic acid

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