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Earth Science 1st Semester Benchmark

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 2hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure throughout it is called a(n) ______________.

a)

front

b)

air mass

c)

cyclone

d)

storm

2.

An air mass that is dry and forms over land is called a __________________ air mass.

a)

maritime

b)

continental

3.

Of the four types of air masses, which would describe air that is cool and humid and forms over the North Pacific ocean?

a)

Maritime Tropical

b)

Maritime Polar

c)

Continental Tropical

d)

Continental Polar

4.

A front that remains stalled over an area for an extended period of time is called a _________________________.

a)

warm front

b)

cold front

c)

stationary front

d)

occluded front

5.

Which of the following are the effects of an occluded front?

a)

Cooler weather and rain or snow

b)

Drizzly rain and warm weather

c)

Clear skies followed by rain

d)

Clear, sunny weather

6.

An air mass that forms over the North Pacific Ocean brings what kind of weather to the Pacific coast?

a)

Dry and Warm

b)

Dry and Cold

c)

Wet and Warm

d)

Wet and Cold

7.

What kind of weather is associated with high air pressure?

a)

Clouds and rain

b)

Clouds without rain

c)

Clear skies

d)

Tornadoes

8.

Which type of weather is associated with a maritime polar air mass?

a)

cloudy and rainy

b)

warm, sunny, and clear

9.

Which front brings several days of steady rain or snow into an area?

a)

a warm front

b)

a stationary front

10.

How does air move in a low-pressure system?

a)

toward the low-pressure area

b)

away from the low-pressure area

11.

Select the correct front for each definition:

when a cold air mass moves under and pushes out a warmer air mass

a)

occluded front

b)

cold front

c)

warm front

d)

stationary front

12.

Select the correct front for each definition:

when a warm air mass moves over and pushes out a colder air mass

a)

occluded front

b)

cold front

c)

warm front

d)

stationary front

13.

Select the correct front for each definition:

when two masses of air come together but neither is very strong and powerful so they just sit over an area not moving

a)

occluded front

b)

cold front

c)

warm front

d)

stationary front

14.

Identify the front

a)

Cold Front

b)

Warm Front

c)

Occluded Front

d)

Stationary Front

15.

Identify the front

a)

Cold Front

b)

Warm Front

c)

Occluded Front

d)

Stationary Front

16.

Identify the front

a)

Cold Front

b)

Warm Front

c)

Occluded Front

d)

Stationary Front

17.

When a stationary front is in an area, what can you expect the weather to be?

a)

Beautiful bright sunny skies for several days in a row

b)

Much warmer than the weather had been before

c)

Much colder than the weather had been before

d)

Cloudy or rainy for several days in a row

18.

When you see this symbol on the weather map, what does this mean?

a)

High Pressure Area

b)

High Humidity Area

c)

High Temperature Area

d)

Helium Balloon Release Area

19.

What does the symbol indicated by the arrows most likely represent?

a)

high temperatures

b)

low pressure

c)

high pressure

d)

a hurricane

20.
Antarctica is cold all the time. What is it's climate?
a)
Tropical
b)
Polar
c)
Arid/Dry
d)
Temperate
21.

What climate zone is the green area in the picture?

a)

Polar zone

b)

Temperate zone

c)

Tropical zone

22.

What climate zone is the white area in the picture?

a)

Polar zone

b)

Temperate zone

c)

Tropical zone

23.

Which of the following climates would be the MOST hospitable to humans?

a)

mediterranean climate

b)

highland climate

c)

ice cap climate

d)

arid climate

24.

Which of the following climates would you most likely see a variety of tree types?

a)

humid continental climate

b)

highland climate

c)

tundra climate

d)

semi-arid climate

25.

Where you will find the ozone layer?

a)

stratosphere

b)

thermosphere

c)

exosphere

d)

mesosphere

26.

What are the two most common gases in the atmosphere?

a)

Nitrogen and Oxygen

b)

Oxygen and trace gases

c)

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen

d)

Nitrogen and trace gases

27.

What is the hottest layer of Earth's atmosphere?

a)

troposphere

b)

thermosphere

c)

exosphere

d)

mesosphere

28.

Why aren't clouds found in the upper layers of the atmosphere?

a)

Because UV rays from the sun destroy them

b)

Because gravity holds the water molecules closer to earth in the troposphere

c)

Because as meteors enter the mesosphere, they burn through the clouds

d)

Because it is too cold

29.

What drives the movement of air on earth?

a)

Gravity

b)

The sun

c)

The moon

d)

The mountains

30.

Latent heat is

a)

energy stored by ozone molecules

b)

hidden amounts of solar radiation

c)

energy given off by plants, volcanoes, or fires

d)

energy released or absorbed by H2O as it changes phase

31.

A mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth like a blanket.

a)

atmosphere

b)

troposphere

c)

ozone

d)

nitrogen

32.

Gas in the atmosphere that protects the Earth from the Sun's rays

a)

atmosphere

b)

troposphere

c)

ozone

d)

nitrogen

33.
What is a true fact about the mesosphere?
a)
it is the hottest layer
b)
meteors burn up here
c)
the ozone layer is found here
d)
Northern Lights happen here
34.
What does a barometer do?
a)
measures air pressure
b)
measures temperature
c)
measures humidity
d)
measures length
35.
In what layer would you find the ozone layer?
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
thermosphere
36.
What layer comes next:
Troposphere - 
stratosphere -
?????
a)
mesosphere
b)
exosphere
c)
thermosphere
d)
ionosphere
37.

What layer of the atmosphere is closest to outer space?

a)

mesosphere

b)

exosphere

c)

troposphere

d)

stratosphere

38.
In what layer of the atmosphere would you find clouds and weather?
a)
troposphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
mesosphere
d)
thermosphere
39.
The ozone layer
a)
is green and purple
b)
absorbs dangerous solar radiation
c)
smells like sulphur
d)
is made of carbon dioxide
40.

Which layer reaches the coldest temperatures?

a)

Troposhere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

41.

How does the arrangement of the air molecules found in the troposphere compare to the arrangement of those found in the thermosphere?

a)

The air molecules are closer together in the troposphere and are farther apart in the thermosphere.

b)

The air molecules are farther apart in the troposphere and are closer together in the thermosphere.

c)

The number of air molecules is the same in the troposphere as in the thermosphere.

d)

There are fewer air molecules is the troposphere than in the thermosphere.

42.

Why does the troposphere experience (have) the greatest amount of atmospheric pressure compared to the other atmospheric layers?

a)

It produces the ozone layer.

b)

It has the highest temperatures.

c)

It contains a high concentration of gas particles.

d)

It is the region in which weather occurs.

43.
Which layer of the atmosphere has the highest density of gas molecules and highest atmospheric pressure?
a)
troposphere
b)
mesosphere
c)
stratosphere
d)
thermosphere
44.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of rock?

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Magma

c)

Sedimentary

d)

Igneous

45.

The interlocking crystals of igneous rock help to classify it since these crystals are evidence of how the rock formed. The crystals are a result of–

a)

sediments being deposited.

b)

 particles forming layers.

c)

chemical reactions of minerals.

d)

melted rock that cooled.

46.

Which of the following processes produces metamorphic rocks?

a)

Rapid burial

b)

Gradual cooling

c)

Regular deposition

d)

Extreme pressure

47.

Which of the following processes is one of the first steps in the formation of some sedimentary rock?

a)

Rock is broken down into pieces.

b)

Liquid magma cools and hardens.

c)

Rock melts deep underground.

d)

Minerals change due to pressure.

48.

In order to be classified as metamorphic, a rock must–

a)

have been completely melted.

b)

change with heat and pressure.

c)

be made of small bits of larger rock.

d)

have formed very quickly.

49.

What is one of the most common processes that turns sediments into sedimentary rocks

a)

Organisms in the soil breaking down organic matter into useful chemicals

b)

Minerals within rock layers growing into large crystals over time

c)

Layers made of bits of broken rock pressing down on other layers

d)

Magma cooling under the surface of Earth, crystallizing to form rock

50.

Which rock is formed form the cooling of volcanic ash on Earth's surface?

a)

Intrusive Igneous Rock

b)

Extrusive Igneous Rock

c)

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

d)

Organic Sedimentary Rock

51.

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.

a)

Compaction

b)

Deposition

c)

Organic Rock

d)

Cementation

52.

True or False: Molten rock inside of a volcano is called lava

a)

True

b)

False

53.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
54.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
55.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
56.
This rock was formed when molten rock cooled into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Igneous Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Sedimentary Rock
57.
Which type of rock is formed from INTENSE heat and pressure?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic
58.
This rock was molten magma that slowly cooled under the ground. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
59.
The cooled and hardened magma from volcanoes form what rocks?
a)
igneous
b)
sedimentary
c)
metamorphic 
d)
fossils
60.

What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sand

61.
Which type of rock is made when magma cools?
a)
sedimentary
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
all of the above
62.
Sedimentary rocks are made when layers of _____________ are pressed together.
a)
water
b)
sediments
c)
fossils
d)
limestone
63.
Which type of rock is formed when heat or pressure changes it?
a)
sedimentary
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
all of the above
64.

What type of rock is made from magma?

a)

SEDIMENTARY

b)

METAMORPHIC

c)

IGNEOUS

65.

What type of rock is made of tiny fragments of rocks?

a)

SEDIMENTARY

b)

IGNEOUS

c)

METAMORPHIC

66.

Which rocks are made by heat and pressure?

a)

IGNEOUS

b)

SEDIMENTARY

c)

METAMORPHIC

67.

igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

clastic

d)

biogenic

68.

igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath the surface of Earth

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

clastic

d)

biogenic

69.

the process by which running water, wind, or ice carry away bits of broken-up rock

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

70.

the process that presses sediments together

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

71.

the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together

a)

deposition

b)

erosion

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

72.

What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sand

73.

Compaction and cementation are two common processes associated with:

a)

Extrusive igneous rocks

b)

Intrusive igneous rocks

c)

Sedimentary rocks

d)

Metamorphic rocks

74.

How many sizes can rocks come in?

a)

many sizes

b)

one size

c)

three sizes

75.

I am the main type of rock that is created from layers of sediment. What type of rock am I?

a)

metamorphic

b)

sedimentary

c)

igneous

76.

A rock deep within the Earth experiences extreme temperature and pressure. After a long period of time it becomes which rock?

a)

Magma

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Sedimentary

77.

This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?

a)

Sedimentary Rock

b)

Metamorphic Rock

c)

Igneous Rock

78.

This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

79.

The process in which sediment are fused or glued together.

a)

compaction

b)

deposition

c)

organic rock

d)

cementation

80.

What type of rock is classified as Foliated, minerals are arranged in bands or layers.

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

81.

Sediments (pieces) are cemented under water.

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

82.

Extrusive rocks are cooled outside of the earth; have no crystals; and may have air pockets

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

83.

The change of one state of matter to another is called

a)

Osmosis

b)

Phase Change

c)

Matter

d)

Energy

84.

A phase change is a chemical or physical change?

a)

Physical

b)

Chemical

85.

Transition from a solid to a liquid

a)

Condensation

b)

Melting

c)

Freezing

d)

Evaporation

86.

Transition from a liquid to a gas

a)

Condensation

b)

Freezing

c)

Evaporation

d)

Melting

87.

Transition from a liquid to a solid

a)

Freezing

b)

Sublimation

c)

Melting

d)

Evaporation

88.

Gas condenses to a liquid

a)

Evaporation

b)

Melting

c)

Freezing

d)

Condensation

89.

Change of a solid directly into a gas

a)

Deposition

b)

Melting

c)

Sublimation

d)

Freezing

90.

Change of a gas directly into a solid

a)

Sublimation

b)

Condensation

c)

Evaporation

d)

Deposition

91.

When an object undergoes phase change, its mass

a)

increases

b)

stays the same

c)

decreases

92.

This is an example of

a)

Freezing

b)

Melting

c)

Condensation

d)

Sublimation

93.

This is an example of

a)

Melting

b)

Condensation

c)

Freezing

d)

Evaporation

94.

This is an example of

a)

Condensation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Sublimation

d)

Melting

95.

This is an example of

a)

Deposition

b)

Condensation

c)

Melting

d)

Evaporation

96.

This is an example of

(Hint: Dry Ice)

a)

Deposition

b)

Sublimation

c)

Freezing

d)

Melting

97.

This is an example of

a)

Melting

b)

Sublimation

c)

Deposition

d)

Condensation

98.

The temperature at which a liquid evaporates to a gas is called

a)

freezing point

b)

boiling point

c)

melting point

d)

condensation point

99.

The temperature at which a liquid freezes to a solid is called

a)

Freezing Point

b)

Melting Point

c)

Boiling Point

d)

Condensation Point

100.

The temperature at which a solid melts to a liquid is called

a)

Boiling Point

b)

Freezing Point

c)

Condensation Point

d)

Melting Point

101.

The temperature at which a gas condenses to a liquid is called

a)

boiling point

b)

condensation point

c)

melting point

d)

freezing point

102.

The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them.

a)

Physics

b)

Chemistry

c)

Biology

d)

Earth Science

103.

A test model of product that allows engineers to see if their design works the way they expected is a/an

a)

prototype

b)

experiment

c)

variable

d)

none of these

104.

The use of tools, machines, materials, and processes to meet human needs is

a)

research

b)

apps

c)

data

d)

technology

105.

Data displayed on the vertical (y) axis; what is measured/counted in an experiment is the

a)

independent variable

b)

dependent variable

c)

prototype

d)

constraints

106.

Graph used when showing how each group of data relates to all of the data; also called a pie graph is a/an

a)

line graph

b)

bar graph

c)

circle graph

d)

none of these

107.

A graph used to show continuous change over time is a/an

a)

bar graph

b)

circle graph

c)

pie graph

d)

line graph

108.

What information goes on the y- axis?

a)

The indedpendent variable. The factor that is manipulated or changed in order to test the effect of the change on another variable- in other words, the thing that "I" the scientist will change or test.

b)

The dependent variable. It is units of measurement for the data being gathered.

c)

Different categories to be tested

d)

Names of the people conducting the experiment

109.

What are the necessary components to any data table or graph?

a)

Your name on the paper

b)

Different colors for each bar on the bar graph

c)

a line that connects both the y axis and the x axis

d)

a title, column headings, axis headings, units of measurement

110.

1. What is the difference between a theory and a law?

a)

A law describes, a theory explains

b)

A law explains, a theory describes

c)

A law can change, theories can't

d)

A law has to be accepted by 100 scientists, a theory does not

111.

1. What is an independent variable?

a)

The results that we measure

b)

The numbers that include the units of measurement

c)

The factor that is manipulated or changed in order to test the effect of the change on another variable- in other words, the thing that the scientist will change or test

d)

The part of the experiment that the scientist must perform alone

112.
What step does every scientific experiment begin with?
a)
hypothesis
b)
question/problem
c)
procedures
d)
conclusion
113.
The summary at the end of an experiment that explains the results. 
a)
conclusion
b)
procedures
c)
materials
d)
responding variable
114.
The summary at the end of an experiment that explains the results. 
a)
conclusion
b)
procedures
c)
materials
d)
responding variable
115.
A testable answer to a scientific question
a)
Question
b)
Observation
c)
Hypothesis
d)
Experiment
116.
A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 
a)
scientific method
b)
recipe
c)
data collection
d)
metric system
117.

Which is NOT a step in the scientific method?

a)

state a problem

b)

Form a theory

c)

analyze data

d)

Form a hypothesis

118.
Which of these contains steps in the right order?
a)
Ask a question, state your hypothesis, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
b)
State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
c)
Ask a question, research, state your hypothesis, experiment, analyze, make a conclusion
d)
State your hypothesis, ask a question, research, make a conclusion, experiment, analyze
119.

Which happens first?

a)

make a hypothesis

b)

make a plan

c)

ask a question/make an observation

d)

draw conclusions

120.
All factors that can change in an experiment.
a)
variable
b)
data
c)
conclusion
d)
result
121.
This variable in an experiment is the one being changed by the scientist. 
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
data
d)
control group
122.
Dependent variable means
a)
the scientist controls what to test
b)
educated guess
c)
ask a question
d)
what is being measured
123.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid
124.
If you increase the amount of spinach you eat, then you will increase the iron in your blood. 
What's the dependent variable?
a)
increase the amount of iron in your blood
b)
spinach you eat
125.
This is the group that we will compare our experimental group to. This group stays "normal."
a)
Control Group
b)
Experimental Group
c)
 Normal Group
d)
Weird Group

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