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SAM- ES-2

Total questions: 152

Worksheet time: 4hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following statements describe metamorphism?

a)

process of rock formation

b)

change in rock formation

c)

process which involves changes

d)

change that takes place within body of rock once expose to different conditions

2.

Which of the following metamorphism is affected by heat and reactive fluid?

a)

contact only

b)

regional only

c)

both contact nor regional

d)

neither contact nor regional

3.

Which of the following led to the formation of deformed rocks with foliation?

a)

volume of air entering the rocks

b)

temperature and rising of magma

c)

temperature and volume of minerals

d)

pressure and recrystallization of minerals

4.

What is the effect of heat and pressure in rocks as there is an increase in depths?

a)

foliation surfaces shine

b)

low -grade metamorphism

c)

grain size becomes coarse

d)

increase in mineral alignment

5.

Which of the following is the main factor in the process of regional metamorphism?

a)

air

b)

water

c)

pressure

d)

temperature

6.

Which type of metamorphism is caused by high temperature and high pressure enacted over a large volume of crust?

a)

burial

b)

contact

c)

regional

d)

pyroclastic

7.

2) Which of the following principal agents of metamorphism?

a)

a.Pressure                                                                         

b)

b. Heat and Electricity                                                        

c)

c. Temperature and Pressure

d)

d. Heat and magma 

8.

How do temperature and pressure affect metamorphism?

a)

Pressure and temperature increase as you go up to the crust.

b)

The deeper the rock depths, the higher the pressure and temperature.

c)

Foliation happens as there is an increase in the pressure and temperature.

d)

Magma cannot bake the surrounding rocks due to the difference in temperature.

9.

It occurs when rocks are buried to depths of several hundred meters.

a)

dynamic metamorphism

b)

contact metamorphism

c)

burial metamorphism

d)

shock metamorphism

10.

Which is TRUE about regional metamorphism?

a)

It occurs over small areas that experience differential stress.

b)

It occurs when two bodies of rockslides past each other along faults.

c)

It occurs over large areas that experience differential stress.

d)

All of these explain regional metamorphism.

11.

It occurs adjacent to igneous intrusions/ magma chamber.

a)

dynamic metamorphism

b)

contact metamorphism

c)

burial metamorphism

d)

shock metamorphism

12.

When metamorphic rocks form due to high pressure and temperature over hundreds of kilometers. Usually in places where tectonic plates collide.

a)

Contact Metamorphism

b)

Regional Metamorphism

c)

Chemical Metamorphism

d)

Thermal Metamorphism

13.

When magma comes in contact with existing rock and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock

a)

Regional Metamorphism

b)

Contact Metamorphism

c)

Chemical Metamorphism

d)

Thermal Metamorphism

14.

The massive supercontinent that broke apart over 250 million years ago was

a)

Gondwanaland

b)

Laurasia

c)

Pangaea

d)

Panthalassa

15.

What activity happens when the hotter particles of the mantle move up while the cooler ones move down? (There are more than 1 answer)

a)

Thermal Convection

b)

Convection Current

c)

Conveyor Belt

d)

Diastrophism

16.

According to plate tectonics theory, what process leads to the creation of new oceanic crust?

a)

Subduction

b)

Continental drift

c)

Transform boundaries

d)

Sea-floor spreading

17.

What evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

Fossil records on different continents

b)

The consistent shape of the continents

c)

Lack of seismic activity near plate boundaries

d)

Uniform distribution of earthquakes globally

18.

He stated that continents now started from a super continent called Pangaea.

a)

Alfred Vargas

b)

Alfred Wegener

c)

Alfred Lake

d)

Alfred Hess

19.

What do you call the two continents formed after the Pangaea drifted?

(a)  

20.

This a geological event that occurs when plates are moving frequently.

(a)  

21.

What geologic event would most likely be found at a transform boundary?

a)

Volcano

b)

Mountain

c)

Earthquake

d)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

22.

What landform would you most likely find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

a)

Rift Valley

b)

Mountain

c)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

d)

Volcano

23.

What landform would you most likely find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Mountain

d)

Volcano

24.

What landform would you most likely find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Oceanic Trench

c)

Mountain

d)

Volcano

25.

What landform would you most likely find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

a)

Rift Valley

b)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

c)

Mountain

d)

Ocean Trench

26.

When one tectonic plate sinks under another, this is called...

a)

Convegent

b)

Divergent

c)

Subduction

d)

Transform

27.

Plate movement is caused by ____________.

a)

the rotation of the Earth

b)

convection currents in the mantle

c)

ocean tides

d)

the moon's gravity

28.

Most geologists rejected Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift because...

a)

it did not agree with their current theory

b)

Wegener was interested in what Earth was like millions of years ago

c)

Wegener used several different types of evidence to support his hypothesis

d)

Wegener could not identify the force that moved the continents

29.

Tectonic plates in the earth's crust move because _________.

a)

of the formation of plate boundaries

b)

they are being pulled by earth's gravity

c)

they lie on top of the asthenosphere where they moved by the convection current

d)

of faults, volcanoes and trenches that are affected by earthquakes and plate movements

30.

When a continental and an oceanic crust collide, the oceanic crust dives down under the continental crust as shown by the figure. Which statement best explains this observation?

a)

the oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust

b)

the continental crust exerts pressure on the oceanic crust

c)

the weight of the continental crust pushes down the oceanic crust

d)

the top portion of the oceanic crust is wet so it tends to slide down the continental crust

31.

What is a plate boundary where both plates move away from each other?

a)

divergent

b)

plate

c)

convergent

d)

transform

32.

What is a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other?

a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

33.

What is a plate boundary where two plates slip past each other moving in opposite directions?

a)

transform

b)

convergent

c)

divergent

34.

What is Wegener's idea that continents are slowly moving over Earth's surface called?

a)

divergence

b)

faults

c)

plates

d)

continental drift

35.

Which boundary type creates sea floor spreading?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

36.

Which boundary type creates tall mountains?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

37.

Which type of boundary creates mid ocean ridges?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

38.

What kind of boundary creates a fault?

a)

divergent

b)

convergent

c)

transform

39.

new crust forms when..

a)

two plates spread apart and magma rises up

b)

two plates come together and form new land

c)

two plates scrape past each other

40.

What is happening here?

a)

divergent boundary, subduction

b)

convergent boundary, volcano

c)

transform boundary, trench

41.

Are breaks in rocks or fractures along which movement takes place

a)

earthquake

b)

magma

c)

fault

d)

plate tectonic

42.

are bends in rock layers resulting from the horizontal compression of rock layers by internal forces of the earth along plate boundaries.

a)

faults

b)

folds

c)

plate tectonic

d)

compression

43.

is the movement of the Earth’s plates result in great force that squeeze or pull the rock in the crust

a)

stress

b)

folds

c)

faults

d)

core

44.

What type of landforms would you find near a subduction zone?

a)

rifts and valley

b)

mountains and new seafloor

c)

trenches and volcanoes

d)

volcanoes and glaciers

45.

Tectonic stress that squeezes rocks together,

a)

compression

b)

tension

c)

adhesion

d)

delusion

46.

Occur when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.

a)

strike slip fault

b)

normal fault

c)

reverse fault

d)

boundary fault

47.

_______force stretch or pull rock layers from opposite directions. It is the opposite of compression.

a)

compression

b)

tension

c)

shearing

d)

none of the above

48.

What role do tectonic plates play in earthquakes?

a)

Earthquakes are caused solely by volcanic activity, not tectonic plates.

b)

Tectonic plates are stationary and do not affect earthquakes.

c)

Tectonic plates only influence weather patterns, not seismic activity.

d)

Tectonic plates cause earthquakes by moving and interacting at their boundaries, leading to stress buildup and sudden release.

49.

The movement of Earth’s tectonic plates generates tremendous force. Which force pulls on Earth’s crust, stretching the rock to make it thinner?

a)

compression

b)

shearing

c)

stress

d)

tension

50.

Weathering is the breaking of rocks.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

The process of transporting sediments

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Mass Wasting

52.

Mass wasting is also called ___

a)

landslide

b)

ash flow

c)

earthquake

53.
The movement that occurs during mass wasting is caused by what? 
a)
Wind
b)
Gravity 
c)
Ice 
d)
Water 
54.
Trees, walls, and fence posts leaning downhill are a sign of ______. 
a)
Rockfalls
b)
Mud Flow
Mud Flows
c)
Creep
d)
Slump
55.
This image show an example of a 
a)
Rock fall
b)
Slump
c)
Creep
d)
Mudflow
56.

Frost action and pressure release are types of:

a)

climatic weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

biotic weathering

d)

mechanical weathering

57.

Carbonation and oxidation are types of:

a)

climatic weathering

b)

biotic weathering

c)

mechanical weathering

d)

chemical weathering

58.

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

d)

dumptruck

59.

This type of weathering occurs when rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces of rock.

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion weathering

d)

deposition

60.

This type of weathering occurs when rocks weaken then break down due to chemical changes in the composition of the rock.

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

erosion weathering

d)

deposition

61.

These rocks were made smooth by wind blowing smaller rock particles across their surface. This is an example of:

a)

ice wedging

b)

chemical weathering

c)

acid rain

d)

abrasion

62.

These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:

a)

ice wedging

b)

acid rain

c)

permeability

d)

abrasion

63.

Deposition changes the Earth’s surface because eroded materials _____.

a)

stop the river's flow

b)

make rich farmlands

c)

are dropped in new places

d)

move very slowly

64.

How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? The freezing water—

a)

keeps the rocks in place

b)

makes the rocks last longer

c)

expands cracks and breaks rocks

d)

causes rocks to fall in landslides

65.

What types of rocks are formed by weathering?

a)

Metamorphic rocks

b)

Igneous rocks

c)

Sedimentary rocks

d)

Volcanic rocks

66.
True/False: The material from a landslide will eventually come to a rest, usually in a flat place. 
a)
True 
b)
False 
67.
What is a way humans can increase the risk of mass wasting? 
a)
Building on Steep Slopes
b)
Staying off the land 
c)
Maintaining Vegetation 
68.
Erosion tends to be more destructive when the mass wasting occurs on ______ slopes. 
a)
Small
b)
Flat
c)
Steep
d)
Bumpy 
69.
What factor causes a mudslide? 
a)
the amount of CO2 in the area
b)
the amount of pollution in an area
c)
the amount of wind in an area
d)
the amount of rain in an area 
70.

Study the picture. What type of mass wasting event is depicted in the image in terms of motion?

a)

Earthflow

b)

Debris Flow

c)

Debris Avalanche

d)

Mudflow

71.

Study the picture. What type of mass wasting event is depicted in the image in terms of motion?

a)

Debris Flow

b)

Earthflow

c)

Solifluction

d)

Soil Creep

72.

The mass movement in the image is happening in a high mountain area. Which mass movement is pictured?

a)

slide

b)

slump

c)

creep

d)

earthflow

73.

the downward movement of a block of material on a curved surface is called ____

a)

slide

b)

slump

c)

mudflow

d)

creep

74.
This is a picture of a
a)
creep 
b)
slump
c)
mudflow
d)
landslide
75.

Which type of mass movement occurs when a mass of rock and soil slip down a slope in one huge mass, especially in areas with water-soaked clay?

a)

landslide

b)

mudflow

c)

slump

d)

creep

76.

The slowest type of mass movement is called a _____________________.

a)

soil slump

b)

soil creep

c)

landslide

d)

mudflow

77.

True or False: The steeper a slope, the faster the movement of debris down the slope will be.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Creep is the movement of rock and soil in which speed?

a)

Slow

b)

Rapid

79.

When a lot of loose dirt and rocks move rapidly, we call it

a)

a landslide

b)

an earthquake

c)

a tsunami

d)

a flood

80.
a)
Mudslide
b)
Landslide
81.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
82.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
83.

Fossil remains are most likely to be found in which type of rock?

a)
igneous
b)
volcanic
c)
sedimentary
d)
metamorphic
84.
The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks is the rock's
a)
absolute age
b)
geologic age
c)
sedimentary age
d)
relative age
85.

When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.

a)

Compaction

b)

Cementation

c)

Weathering

d)

Erosion

86.

The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.

a)

compaction

b)

deposition

c)

organic rock

d)

cementation

87.

Which type of physical weathering is shown in the photograph?

a)

Near-Surface Fracturing

b)

Frost and mineral wedging

c)

Thermal Expansion

d)

Biological Activity

88.

This type of weathering occurs when something living interacts with the weathering processes, causing rocks to break down.

a)

Physical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

c)

Biological Weathering

89.

Deposition is

a)

When slowing water lays down sediments to form beds

b)

Squeezing of sediment grains together by the weight of sediments above

c)

Precipitation of minerals that "glue" the sediment grains together

d)

When tectonic plate movement raises buried rocks up to the surface

90.

A sedimentary environment near shorelines that is exposed during low tide is a

a)

lagoon

b)

tidal flat

c)

reef

d)

beach

91.

Coral reefs and barrier islands are important coastal environments because

a)

they are beautiful

b)

they protect the shoreline from erosion

c)

they protect fish from predators

d)

they are great for sunbathing

92.
States that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed
a)
Law of crosscutting
b)
Law of superposition
c)
Relative Dating
d)
Unconformity
93.
A break in the geologic record that is made when rock layers are eroded over a long period of time
a)
Law of Superposition
b)
Law of Crosscutting
c)
Relative Dating
d)
Unconformity
94.
How does the law of crosscutting explain the age of a fault?
a)
The fault is younger than the rocks above it.
b)
The fault is younger than the rocks it cuts through.
c)
The fault is older than the rocks above it.
d)
The fault is older than the rocks it cuts through.
95.
Relative dating of rock layers tells us that the deeper we dig, _______.
a)
the younger the rocks get
b)
the smellier the rocks get
c)
the harder the rocks get
d)
the older the rocks get
96.
Used to determine whether an object is older or younger than other objects
a)
Superposition
b)
Relative Dating
c)
Fossil
d)
Unconformity
97.
How have the rocks been disturbed?
a)
tilting
b)
folding
c)
faulting
d)
igneous intrusion
98.
How have the rocks been disturbed?
a)
tilting
b)
folding
c)
faulting
d)
igneous intrusion
99.
How have the rocks been disturbed?
a)
tilting
b)
folding
c)
faulting
d)
igneous intrusion
100.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
101.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Intrusion A?

a)

Layer E

b)

Intrusion A

102.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Intrusion A?

a)

Layer E

b)

Intrusion A

103.
How does sedimentary rock usually form?
a)
Vertically
b)
Diagonally
c)
Folding
d)
Horizontally
104.

What geologic principle(or law) is best displayed here?

a)

Superposition

b)

Original horizontality

c)

Cross-cutting relationships

d)

Inclusions

105.

The Law of Superposition helps scientists to determine what?

a)

The absolute age of rock layers

b)

The age of fossils

c)

The relative age of rock layers

d)

the super powers of squirrels

106.

What is a principal that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.

a)

Catastrophism

b)

Unconformity

c)

Uniformitarianism

d)

Angular Unconformity

107.
The rock formation labeled "P" is a(n)...
a)
fault
b)
intrusion
c)
inclusion
d)
unconformity
108.
What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone
b)
Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone
c)
Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone
d)
Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt
109.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
110.
Used to determine whether an object is older or younger than other objects
a)
Superposition
b)
Relative Dating
c)
Fossil
d)
Unconformity
111.

What is the most recent event?

a)

E

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

112.

Lava that reaches the surface becomes an extrusion by cooling and solidifying. Will this layer be the oldest layer or the youngest layer?

a)

oldest layer

b)

youngest layer

113.

What is the order of the rock layers from youngest to oldest?

a)

A, E, B, C, D

b)

A, D, C B, E

c)

E, B, C D, A

d)

E, B, C A, D

114.

What can be used to determine the relative ages of rock layers?

a)

living animals

b)

living plants

c)

minerals

d)

fossils

115.

Which of the following describes relative dating?

a)

Precision is high

b)

Quantitative extent

c)

Arranges fossils in order

d)

Works better for metamorphic rocks

116.

Pieces of rock that become part of another rock are called _____.

a)

Unconformities

b)

Inclusions

c)

Catastrophes

d)

Strata

117.

A principle that states geologic change occurs suddenly.

a)

Original horizontality

b)

Catastrophism

c)

Uniformitarianism

d)

Crosscutting relationships

118.
Which era is the longest?
a)
Cenozoic
b)
Cambrian
c)
Precambrian
d)
Phanerozoic
119.
Paleontologists infer that the earth is approximately how many years old?
a)
4.5 million years
b)
450 million years
c)
450 billion years
d)

4.6 billion years

120.

During this period Earth was flowing with lava, the core was unstable, and was the first Era of the Precambrian Eon.

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Hadean

c)

Archean

d)

Cenozoic

121.

During what Period were Dinosaurs present?

a)

Paleogene

b)

Quaternary

c)

Precambrian

d)

Jurassic

122.

Put the following units of geological time in order from largest to smallest unit of time.

a)

Epoch, Eon, Era, Period

b)

Epoch, Period, Era, Eon

c)

Eon, Era, Period, Epoch

d)

Period, Eon, Period, Era

123.

In which time period are we currently living?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

124.

Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds are found in this time period.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

125.

Which era was the longest, taking up 88% of geologic time?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

126.

What is the largest/major unit of geologic time?

a)

Epoch

b)

Period

c)

Era

127.

What is the most recent period of geologic time?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Quaternary

c)

Recent

128.

The Age of Mammals

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

129.

The age of marine life.

a)

paleozoic

b)

mesozoic

c)

cenozoic

130.

In what time period did Pangaea, the super continent, appear?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

131.

The Age of Fishes

a)

Devonian Period

b)

Cambrian Period

c)

Vendian Period

d)

Silurian Period

132.

Small mammals and birds also appeared.

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

133.

The _________ was the period of giant hard-shelled creatures: arthropods, insects and marine invertebrates.

a)

Permian

b)

Silurian

c)

Devonian

d)

Ordovician

134.

Which of the following eras are the shortest in the geologic time scale?

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Cenozoic Era

135.

During which Era did the dinosaurs live?

a)

Precambrain

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

136.
A unit of geologic time that subdivides eras
a)
period
b)
time span
137.
Eras are subdivided into units of geologic time called periods.
a)
True
b)
False
138.
___________ a record of the geologic events and the evolution of life forms as shown in the fossil record. 
a)
Eras
b)
Geologic Time Scale
139.
 The Quaternary period, where humans first appeared, is in the Mesozoic era.
a)
True
b)
False
140.

The epoch we are currently living in is the

a)

Holocene

b)

Quaternary

c)

Cambrian

d)

Pleistocene

141.

The Cenozoic is a

a)

eon

b)

era

c)

period

d)

epoch

142.

The time when mammals became dominant

a)

Jurassic

b)

Oligocene

c)

Cambrian

d)

Hadean

143.

During what Era do we currently live?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

144.

When did modern man first appear?

a)

Cambrian Period

b)

Tertiary Period

c)

Cretaceous Period

d)

Quaternary Period

145.

How many Periods are there?

a)

3

b)

16

c)

12

d)

4

146.

When classifying time using the Geologic Time Scale which unit is the largest unit of time?

a)

Period

b)

Eon

c)

Epoch

d)

Era

147.

The Mesozoic Era is found in which Eon?

a)

Phanerozoic

b)

Precambrian

148.
Paleozoic, Mesozoic & Cenozoic are all
a)
Epochs
b)
Eras
c)
Periods
d)
Eons
149.

The Paleozoic Extinction knocked out 90% of all marine life and 70% of land animals.

a)

True

b)

False

150.
Which layer is the oldest?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
151.

What are the names of ALL parts of the geologic time scale in correct order from broadest to narrowest?

a)

era, period, eon

b)

eon, era, period, epoch

c)

era, eon, epoch, period

d)

eon, era, epoch, period

152.

What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?

a)

Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

b)

Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic

c)

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian

d)

Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic

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