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WorksheetsIntro to Marine Science Review
Total questions: 124
Worksheet time: 2hrs 41mins
What are the slow inputs of salt to the ocean?
Terrestrial Runoff input
Hydrothermal vent input
Both A and B
None of the above.
precipitation
Fill in the blank: Changes in the amount of freshwater inputs and outputs can alter local ________.
A) Temperature
B) Salinities
C) Pressure
D) Currents
Fill in the blank: The balance between freshwater inputs and outputs varies by ________ and season.
Region
Temperature
Salinity
Pressure
Fill in the blank: High evaporation rates and limited freshwater input may lead to ________ salinities.
Higher
Lower
No change
Variable
The map shows oxygenation levels. Which is true about the oxygenation levels represented?
The polar region has lower oxygenation levels because of high biodiversity and the organisms using up the oxygen
The Equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean has a high oxygenation level due to high primary productivity from photosynthetic organisms
The area around the Southern Ocean has a lower oxygenation because cold water is not as good at holding/keeping dissolved oxygen.
The equatorial region is warm with a lot of evaporation and therefore the oxygen gets left behind.
What is the main factor affecting increasing salinity in the Mediterranean Sea?
Ice melt
Rainfall
Freshwater input
Evaporation
This location experiences a large amount of ____.
Ice melt
Rainfall
Freshwater input
Evaporation
Explain the cause of the evaporation levels in the polar, temperate, and tropical regions.
Which location is the Mouth of the Amazon River?
Location A
Location B
Location C
Location D
Explain why salinities drop right along the equator, even though temps are still warm here.
Because of high rates of precipitation
Because of low evaporation
Because of melting ice
Because of high evaporation
If a substance has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 20 mL, what is its density?
1 g/mL
2 g/mL
0.5 g/mL
1.5 g/mL
Where is the Amazon River located in terms of turbidity?
High turbidity
Low turbidity
The open ocean is generally low in nutrients because there is no source. Coastal regions receive nutrients from ______.
the atmosphere
land runoff
ocean currents
marine life
Which type of bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms together within one water molecule?
Hydrogen
Covalent
Ionic
Why don't water molecules just break apart into hydrogen and oxygen atoms?
covalent bonds are very strong and they hold hydrogen and oxygen together
covalent bonds are very weak and they hold hydrogen and oxygen together
hydrogen bonds are very strong and they hold hydrogen and oxygen together
hydrogen bonds are very weak and they hold hydrogen and oxygen together
Match the following
Pure substance made of 1 type of atom
2 or more elements combined
smallest particle of an element
Atoms united by sharing electrons
As you travel deeper underwater, what happens?
Temperature decreases and pressure decreases
Temperature decreases and pressure increases
Temperature increases and pressure increases
Temperature increases and pressure decreases
Complete the equation: Density =
Volume / Mass
Mass / Volume
Mass / Size
Size / Mass
What two elements make up salt water?
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Salt
Salt Chloride
Potassium Chloride
The density of ocean water is influenced by what two factors?
Salinity and temperature
Water color and chlorophyll
Dissolved gases and dissolved solids
Dissolved carbon and trace elements
Why are people not able to scuba dive to the deepest parts of the ocean?
As you go deeper into the ocean, temperature decreases and pressure increases too much for a body to withstand.
As you go deeper into the ocean, temperature and pressure increase too much for a body to withstand.
As you go deeper into the ocean, temperature and pressure decrease too much for a body to withstand.
As you go deeper into the ocean, temperature increases and pressure increases too much for a body to withstand.
Which of the options below are in order from highest to lowest salinity?
Dead, Red, Mediterranean
Dead, Mediterranean, Red
Red, Dead, Mediterranean
Mediterranean, Red, Dead
Why is the Dead Sea so salty?
Water evaporates quickly in the hot, arid climate
Fresh water is being added often
Lots of fish have died in there
People visit and pour salt into it
Which of the following is not a process that decreases the salinity of seawater?
runoff from land
icebergs melting
precipitation
evaporation
atmospheric gases that are also the main gases found in ocean water
nitrogen, oxide, methane
nitrogen, carbon monoxide, flatulence
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
oxygen, methanol, ketone
a layer in a body of water in which water temperature drops with increased depth faster than it does in other areas
thermocline
incline
saline
decline
Why is the ocean called a carbon sink?
Ocean water destroys trace carbon elements.
Organisms in the water release carbon dioxide into the air.
Ocean water dissolves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Ocean water becomes saltier with high carbon levels
The higher the salt content in the ocean the ________ dense the water will be.
less
more
nothing happens
Seawater is typically denser than freshwater due to seawater’s —
Greater depth
Lower freezing point
Smaller mass
Higher salinity
What happens to the density of water when it freezes?
It increases
It decreases
It remains the same
It varies
What is the term for the attraction between water molecules?
Adhesion
Cohesion
Surface tension
Solvent power
What is the effect of water temperature on its density?
Higher temperature increases density
Higher temperature decreases density
Temperature has no effect on density
Only extreme temperatures affect density
What is the process called when water changes from a liquid to a gas?
Condensation
Evaporation
Sublimation
Deposition
Over time, the oceans have decreased in pH. This process is known as
cohesion
viscosity
ocean acidification
salinity
Which two solutes make up the largest percentage of dissolved material in seawater?
sodium, sulfate
sodium, chloride
oxygen, chloride
chloride, magnesium
Ocean acidification affects organisms most with structures made of
calcium carbonate
silica
collagen
phosphorous
In this model, what is the order of layers from most dense to least dense?
Blue, green, yellow, red
Blue, yellow, green, red
Green, Blue, yellow, red
Red, yellow, green, blue
Which represents the distribution of water on Earth?
3% freshwater, 97% salt water
97% freshwater, 3% salt water
71% freshwater, 29% salt water
29% freshwater, 71% salt water
The temperature and salinity of the ocean change the most:
Near the surface
Near the bottom
Near Antarctica
Near the equator
The high salinity of the Mediterranean Sea is due primarily to —
Precipitation
Deposition
Volcanoes
Evaporation
Which term means how clear water is
Acidity
pH
Turbidity
Hardness
all sections of the ocean are connected.
True
False
Ice Floats because _______________ .
water expands when it freezes
ice has a higher density than water when it is liquid form
water shrinks when it freezes
of cohesion
The ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance to dissolve in a liquid.
cohesion
solubility
surface tension
adhesion
A measure of the amount of living and nonliving materials suspended in water and is determined by the ability of light to penetrate water
turbidity
DO
pH
dissolved solids
Pure water has a
Neutral pH
Low pH
High pH
Both Low and High pH
What is the "critical" level of DO, meaning most aquatic organisms become stressed and die below this amount?
0 mg/l
5 mg/l
10 mg/l
50 mg/l
What is the typical range of DO in an aquatic ecosystem?
0-10 mg/l
0-14 mg/l
0-20 mg/l
0-100 mg/l
How does low Dissolved Oxygen levels affect organisms?
Organisms may die or have to leave if levels get too low
Organisms go through more cellular respiration
Organisms eat more
Algae blooms will ____________ the amount of dissolved oxygen in an aquatic system.
Decrease
Increase
Which units of measurement are used for volume?
grams
centimeters
grams/milliliter
milliliter
Where would you find the lowest levels of nutrients in the water?
in the estuary / along the coastline
1 miles offshore
5 miles offshore
100 miles offshore
What portion of the ocean has the highest levels of oxygen?
the bottom - because the oxygen sinks
the bottom - because of high levels of photosynthesis
the surface - because of high levels of photosynthesis
the surface - because of high rates of decomposition
If you needed to make 35 ppt seawater in 500 mL of water (same as a 1/2 liter), how much salt would you need?
35 grams
17.5 grams
70 grams
If you needed to make 1L of 40 ppt seawater, how many grams of salt would you add?
10
20
40
80
What would you use this thing for?
to measure the turbidity
to measure the temperature
to measure the density
to measure the salinity
Why are there warmer ocean temperatures by the equator?
Because it gets more direct sunlight
Because it gets less direct sunlight
Because it faces the sun for fewer hours in a day
Because the equator reflects more sunlight
Where does the salt in the ocean come from? There are TWO correct answers.
Magma from seafloor spreading
Sediments from weathering and erosion
Humans add it
Animals add it
The salinity of water is generally expressed in what units?
parts per million
parts per hundered
percentage per liter
parts per thousand
The _______ zone is the area of the ocean that sunlight never reaches.
photic
dysphotic
euphotic
aphotic
Water molecules are __________ in ice than liquid water
closer together
farther apart
the same distance apart
lighter
On average, sea surface salinity is:
35 ppt
1 ppt
100 ppt
50 ppt
330 ppt
Which of the following will increase ocean salinity:
Evaporation
Sea ice formation
Precipitation (Rain)
Runoff
Icebergs melting
Which of the following will decrease ocean salinity:
Evaporation
Sea ice formation
Precipitation (Rain)
Runoff
Icebergs melting
20 ppt
Brackish water
0 ppt
Tap water
33 ppt
Atlantic ocean
340 ppt
The Dead sea
Why does the Dead sea have such high salinity?
Which of the following are factors that impact the density of water?
Temperature
Salinity
Depth (pressure)
Biodiversity
Distance from shoreline
The two (2) main sources of salt in the ocean:
weathering of rock
underwater volcanoes and vents
outer space (meteorites)
living organisms (shells)
Human waste (salt in feces)
Which sample of water has the highest density?
A
B
C
D
They all have the same density
precipitation
Runoff from land
Icebergs melting
sea ice melting
evaporation
formation of sea ice
Which layer would photosynthesis take place?
surface mixed zone
transition zone
deep zone
all of the above
MOST freshwater is located where?
Seas and Oceans
Oceans and Glaciers
Glaciers and Groundwater
Groundwater, Lakes, and Rivers
An ecosystem thrives with biotic and abiotic components. An example of an abiotic part of an ecosystem is ______________.
Bacteria
Fungus
Water
Decaying plants
The Sun is the source of all energy within an ecosystem. Plants depend on light from the sun in order to perform the process of photosynthesis. Sunlight is an example of what type of factor?
Biotic
Abiotic
All living things or organisms in an ecosystem are
None
biotic factors
abiotic factors
Which zone in this pond would be classified as benthic?
A
B
C
Of the three zones in the pond shown, which would you expect to see little or no photosynthesis, and a greater population of decomposers?
A
B
C
Which zone in the pond would you expect the greatest amount of biological diversity?
A
B
C
A team of deep-sea divers and biologists is exploring the open ocean. As team members dive downward from the surface, they observe significant changes to the ocean community at a depth of about 200 meters. What is the main cause of the changes at this depth?
loss of light
increasing salinity of the water
increasing temperature of the water
decreased oxygen concentration of the water
Photosynthetic organisms are found mainly in shallow water due to the availability of
oxygen
nutrients
sunlight
salt
Which of the following is the correct order of oceans from largest to smallest?
Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, Southern, Indian
What does the blue line show?
CO2 in the water
Air temperature
Carbon emissions
pH of the water
What does the orange line show?
CO2 in the water
Air temperature
Carbon emissions
pH of the water
What happened to the pCO2 between 1989 and 2014?
it increased by 50
it decreased by 50
it increased by 100
it decreased by 150
What happened to the pH between 1989 and 2014?
it increased by 8
it decreased by .5
it increased by 30
it decreased by 30
As the pH decreases, what happens to the pCO2?
it increases
it decreased
it stays consistent
it disappears
As the pH decreases, what happens to the ocean?
It becomes more acidic.
It becomes more basic.
Water boils at 100 __ and freezes at 0 __.
oF
oC
K
Water boils at 212 __ and freezes at 32 __.
oF
oC
K
How many more parts per million (ppm) of CO2 are in the atmosphere in 2015 compared to in 1958?
320 ppm
150 ppm
90 ppm
50 ppm
With the drastic rise in CO2 level, what do you predict will happen to temperature?
Temperature will remain the same.
Temperature will increase.
Temperature will decrease.
Identify this Ocean.
Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
This Ocean is the LARGEST Ocean in the world. It covers 1/3 of the Earth's surface. Identify this Ocean.
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Southern Ocean
This Ocean is the 2nd largest Ocean in the world. Identify this Ocean.
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
This Ocean is the 3rd largest Ocean in the world. It is also the WARMEST Ocean.
Atlantic Ocean
Southern Ocean
Indian Ocean
This Ocean is the 4th largest Ocean, or the second smallest Ocean in the world. Identify this Ocean.
Arctic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Southern Ocean
What is the area near the equator, 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south; direct or near-direct sunlight year-round produces a warm climate? Mark only one oval.
Polar Zone
Tropical Zone
Temperate Zone
Windward Zone
What is the areas near the poles, 66.5 degrees to 90 degrees north and 66.5 to 90 degrees south; sun strikes at a lower angle, producing a cold climate? Mark only one oval.
Polar Zone
Tropical Zone
Temperate Zone
Windward Zone
What is the area between 23.5 degrees and 66.5 degrees north and south; the sun's rays vary throughout the year producing a mild climate that varies between warm and cool?
Polar Zone
Tropical Zone
Temperate Zone
Windward Zone
How would you classify a sea jelly?
Porifera
cnidarian
Mollusca
Arthropoda
What phylum are these organisms classified under?
cnidaria
echinodermata
ctenophora
cephalopoda
Any animal that lacks a vertebral column, or back bone.
vertebrate
invertebrates
mollusk
echinoderm
Is this organism an arthropod?
Yes
No
Which zone is characterized as the area of ocean where light does not penetrate, also known as the midnight zone?
Epipelagic Zone
Bathypelagic Zone
Aphotic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
What defines the Pelagic Zone?
The upper layer of water extending to a depth of 200 meters
The area of ocean where light does not penetrate
The open ocean, referring to animals living in the water column, not on the seabed
The area of the ocean between 200 and 1000 meters in depth
Which zone is known as the sunlight zone due to the abundant light conditions?
Epipelagic Zone
Disphotic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
Hadalpelagic Zone
The depth of the ocean below 6000 meters in the deep ocean trenches in the aphotic or midnight zone
(a)
Which zone is characterized by the absence of light and extreme pressure near oceanic trenches?
Epipelagic Zone
Hadalpelagic Zone
Mesopelagic Zone
Disphotic Zone
THE MIDDLE LAYER OF THE OCEAN WATER BETWEEN 200 AND 1000 METERS IN THE TWILIGHT ZONE
(a)
The salinity of ocean water is
3.5%
35%
.035%
Saltwater has a ________ freezing point than freshwater.
higher
lower
same
Which device would you use to measure turbidity?
Refractometer
CTD
ROV
secchi disk
