What is a protons charge?

Where are protons found?

What is an electron's charge?

Where is an electron found?

What charge does a neutron have?

Where is a neutron found?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into another substance

Horizontal, Rows

Vertical, Columns

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers.

Two or more different elements chemically combined

____________ have fixed compositions

Processes by which atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances

_______________ are broken and reformed during chemical reactions

Reactants ---> ____________

Carbon Dioxide and water and light energy react to form ______ and _______.

An example of a chemical reaction is photosynthesis

__________ are involved in forming chemical bonds

Bond that forms when electrons are shared

Electrons are given, donated, or obtained forming ions that attract one another which forms a positive and negative charge

Weak bonds that involve a hydrogen atom and usually oxygen or a nitrogen. This bond connects one water molecule to another water molecule.

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Can have one or the other, but do not contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms

Most of your body's molecules are ____________ compounds

Built from small organic compounds the same way a railroad train is built, by linking a lot of smaller units together into long chains.

Large carbon compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules

monomers can bind to one another to form a complex molecules known as ____________.

A polymer consists of repeated, linked units, which can also bind forming large polymers

A chemical reaction where monomers link to form polymers

The breakdown of some complex molecules

Four main types of macromolecules

Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

building blocks or monomers are monosaccharides

Glucose is commonly found in.......

Galactose is a simple sugar found in........

Fructose is commonly found in...........

fats, oils, waxes

class of macromolecules that do not soluble in water

serve one of the three functions

1. energy storage
2. structural support in cell membranes
3. serve as reactants (starting materials) for metabolic reactions

Building blocks or monomers are fatty acids

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms

construction materials for body parts, like hair, skin, nails, and blood

Building blocks or monomers are amino acids

enzymes are an important group in this macromolecule

help control chemical reactions by acting as catalysts, catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Complex organic molecules that store genetic information in the cell

basic building blocks or monomers are nucleotides

consist of sugar + base + phosphate

The genetic information inside the nucleus of cells

Instructions which code for protein sythesis

Has a different structure than the others, and contains a base + sugar + three phosphates. Is energy for your cell.

Very important source of energy, fast source of energy

provides insulation, great source if long term energy, back up energy

Muscle building, working in immune system, works as enzymes

Codes traits

Found in pasta, potatoes, and bread (anything with starch)

Butter, wax, oil, cholesterol, fats

Found in meats and beans

Found in strawberries

Forms a double helix structure

Are made up of monomers

glucose, fructose, sucrose

get assembled on ribosomes

Your body's favorite source of energy

Helps move molecules into and out of cells

Enzymes are this type of macromolecule

starch and glycogen

Made up of C, H, O, N, and P

Is stored in the nucleus

Makes up the cell membrane

= to the number of protons

# of protons = # of _____________

protons + neutrons = ___________________________

A compound that releases hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved in water.

General properties of acids include.....

What is the pH level of an acid?

What is the pH level of a base?

Examples of acids are......

_______________ is made by coating strips of paper with litmus, a kind of dye derived from lichens

Blue litmus paper turns __________ in the presence of an acid.

Any substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base.

A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

Some general properties of bases include.....

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

The pH Scale:

Apple juice is 3.0 and coffee is 5.0 so there is a difference of 2.0

How much more acidic is apple juice than coffee?

A solution that is resistant to large changes in pH and reacts with acids and bases to keep pH within a particular range