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Unit 1 - Layers of the Earth and Plate Tectonics

Total questions: 110

Worksheet time: 2hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Who is the scientist who proposed Continental Drift Theory?

a)
Albert Einstein
b)
Alfred Wegener
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
John Dalton
2.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

the Earth's magnetic field.

c)

subduction.

d)

convection currents.

3.
Associated with transform boundaries.
a)
Volcanoes
b)
mountains
c)
trenches
d)
earthquakes
4.
A location where two tectonic plates collide is known as a _________ boundary.
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Transform
d)
Spreading
5.

When plates collide we get ________.

a)

crumbles

b)

volcanos

c)

trenches

d)

mountain ranges

6.

Which layer of Earth flows slowly and causes the crust to move?

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer core

7.

What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?

a)

crust, outer core, inner core, mantle

b)

mantle, outer core, inner core, crust

c)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

d)

outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

8.

Subduction means.....

a)

one plate goes under another plate

b)

two plates slide past each other

c)

two plate collide and form folded mountains

9.

Sea-floor spreading explains how.....

a)

new crust is created at a divergent boundary

b)

volcanoes are formed on continents

c)

deep sea trenches are formed

10.

A long chain of undersea mountains

a)

mid ocean ridge

b)

sea floor spreading

c)

oceanic plates

1
1)
11.

answer the 4 questions down below

a)
continental plates
1.

tectonic plates that make up the continents

b)
subduction
2.

the process of one tectonic plate sliding beneath another

c)

oceanic plates

3.

tectonic plates that make up the ocean floor

d)

transform boundaries

4.

boundaries where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

e)

convergent boundaries

5.

boundaries where tectonic plates collide or come together

12.

The crust is

a)

Layer of molten metal.

b)

Outermost layer of the Earth.

c)

Made up of the lithosphere and asthenosphere.

d)

Innermost layer of solid metal.

13.

The inner core is

a)

Layer of molten metal.

b)

Outermost layer of the Earth.

c)

Made up of the lithosphere and asthenosphere .

d)

Innermost layer of solid metal.

14.

The outer core is

a)

Made up of the lithosphere and asthenosphere .

b)

Solid material extending to Earth's core.

c)

Layer of molten metal.

d)

Outermost layer of the Earth.

15.

What happens often at transform boundaries?

a)

Rain

b)

Hurricanes

c)

Volcanic activity

d)

Earthquakes

16.

What is common at convergent boundaries?

a)

Valleys

b)

Canyons

c)

Mountains

d)

Rivers

17.

The three types of plate boundaries are

a)

Convergent, divergent, change

b)

Divergent, allegiant, insurgent

c)

Convergent, divergent, transform

d)

Push, pull, slide

18.

How fast the continents move?

a)

3-4 inches per day

b)

3-4 inches per week

c)

3-4 inches per month

d)

3-4 inches per year

19.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
20.
What are the two types of crust
a)
continental and oceanic
b)
ocean and upper
c)
lower and upper
d)
pizza and subway
21.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

22.

Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that

a)

the oceanic crust is melting.

b)

the denser oceanic crust is subducting under the less dense continental crust

c)

volcanic islands are forming.

d)

the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

23.

The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by

a)

the rotation of the Earth.

b)

convection currents in the Asthenosphere

c)

the gravity of the iron-nickel core.

d)

the Moho discontinuity.

24.
What type of boundary is shown at A?
a)
transform
b)
convergent
c)
divergent
d)
subduction
25.
What is happening at point B?
a)
subduction
b)
a divergent boundary
c)
convection
d)
an earthquake
26.
What type of boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other?
a)
divergent
b)
transform
c)
lateral
d)
convergent
27.
A trench forms at a _________ boundary.
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
transform
d)
vertical
28.
What is the process in which hot molten rock rises, then cools and sinks back to the core?
a)
plate tectonics
b)
continental drift
c)
convection
d)
divergence
29.
What forms at a convergent boundary between a continental plate and an oceanic plate?
a)
volcanoes
b)
rift valleys
c)
faults
d)
mid-ocean ridges
30.
What type of boundary occurs when two plates move toward each other?
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
transform
d)
lateral
31.
Which type of crust is more dense?
a)
oceanic
b)
continental
c)
divergent
d)
pizza
32.
What forms at a divergent boundary between two oceanic plates?
a)
rift valley
b)
mountain
c)
mid-ocean ridge
d)
trench
33.
What type of boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other?
a)
transform
b)
subduction
c)
convergent
d)
divergent
34.

What type of boundary is this?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

35.

What type of boundary is this?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

36.

What type of boundary is this?

a)

convergent

b)

divergent

c)

transform

37.

What type of event happens at a transform boundary?

a)

subduction

b)

plates

c)

earthquakes

d)

sea floor spreading

38.

What is the process that continually adds new crust to the ocean floor along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge?

a)

sudduction

b)

sea floor spreading

c)

earthquakes

d)

continental drift

39.

In sea floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

a)

along the edge of the continents

b)

at the mid ocean ridge

c)

in deep ocean trenches

d)

at the North and South Pole

40.

The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's plates are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents is the theory of

a)

plate tectonics

b)

asthenosphere

c)

sea floor spreading

d)

deep ocean trenches

41.

Where is sea floor the oldest?

a)

close to the mid ocean ridge

b)

in the middle of the mid ocean ridge

c)

far away from the mid ocean ridge

42.

Where is sea floor the YOUNGEST?

a)

near the mid ocean ridges

b)

Far way from the mid ocean ridges

43.

The Earth's lithosphere contains

a)

The upper mantle

b)

The oceanic crust

c)

The continental crust

d)

All are correct

44.
What is the main difference between continental crust and oceanic crust?
a)
Continental crust is made of granite, oceanic crust is made of basalt
b)
Continental crust is thicker, oceanic crust is thinner
c)
Continental crust is older, oceanic crust is younger
d)
All of the above
45.
What characteristic describes the asthenosphere?
a)
Solid and rigid (stiff)
b)
Liquid and flowing like water
c)
Weak, semi-solid, and putty-like
d)
Gas and vapor
46.
How do tectonic plates interact with the asthenosphere?
a)
They float on top
b)
They sink into it
c)
They do not interact
d)
They dissolve in it
47.
Which layer of the Earth is described as having a 'silly putty' or play-doh like plasticity?
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Asthenosphere
c)
Mantle
d)
Crust
48.
What is the main characteristic of the lithosphere?
a)
It is liquid
b)
It is solid and rocky
c)
It is gaseous
d)
It is molten
49.
What is the relationship between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
a)
The lithosphere is located above the asthenosphere
b)
The lithosphere is located below the asthenosphere
c)
They are the same layer
d)
The asthenosphere is made of water
50.

Match the following plate boundaries with the correct description

a)

Convergent

1.

Destructive

b)

Divergent

2.

Constructive

c)

Transform

3.

Conservative

51.

Match the plate boundary to its diagram.

a)
1.

Divergent

b)
2.

Convergent

c)
3.

Transform

52.

Match the plate boundary to its definition.

a)

Plates spread apart

1.

Divergent

b)

Plates come together

2.

Convergent

c)

Plates rub against each other

3.

Transform

53.
A subduction zone is formed...
a)
when one tectonic plate sinks below another
b)
at every type of convergent plate boundary
c)
at every type of divergent plate boundary
d)
at transform boundaries
54.

What is the only event associated with ALL plate boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Subduction

d)

Deep Trenches

55.

What two crustal features occur near every subduction zone?

a)

Volcanoes and Trenches

b)

Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges

c)

Volcanoes and Rift Valleys

d)

Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches

56.

The diagram shows a landform on Earth. How did the movement of Earth’s plates form the landform?

a)

Two oceanic plates slid past each other.

b)

Two continental plates collided.

c)

One continental plate slid past an oceanic plate.

d)

One continental plate subducted beneath an oceanic plate.

57.

Use the diagram to answer the question. What results as the two oceanic plates converge?

a)

formation of a deep sea trench and island volcanoes

b)

earthquake activity and appearance of a transform fault

c)

volcanic eruption along both oceanic plate edges

d)

formation of a continental mountain range

58.

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Mountain

c)

Rift Valley

d)

Island Arc

59.

What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a divergent boundary between two pieces of oceanic crust?

a)

Rift Valley

b)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

c)

Island Arc

d)

Flat land

60.

A mid-ocean RIDGE is located at the boundary of two tectonic plates. Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid ocean ridge?

a)
b)
c)
d)
61.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
O
62.
In the Atlantic ocean, where is the youngest seafloor located?
a)

Towards the edges

b)

Youngest seafloor is in the middle of the ocean

63.

The letter B represents

a)

Subduction zone

b)

Trench

c)

Oceanic crust

d)

Island Volcano Arc

64.

A trench is located at...

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

65.

Oceanic crust is located at...

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

66.

Location D shows

a)

Oceanic crust

b)

mid-ocean ridge

c)

convection currents

d)

Continental crust

67.

What type of plate boundary is this?

a)

Plate

b)

Divergent

c)

Convergent

d)

Transform

68.

At which boundaries is old crust (rock) destroyed?

a)

Divergent

b)

Convergent (Oceanic/Continental)

c)

Convergent (Oceanic/Oceanic)

d)

Transform

69.

Which plate boundaries will have the feature of trenches?

a)

Convergent (Oceanic/Continental)

b)

Convergent (Oceanic/Oceanic)

c)

Convergent (Continental/Continental)

d)

Transform

70.

The Himalayan Mountains are an example of a real land feature that can be found at this type of boundary.

a)

Convergent (Continental/Continental)

b)

Transform

c)

Convergent (Oceanic/Oceanic)

d)

Divergent

71.

Which definition below matches the concept of sea-floor spreading?

a)

Mid-ocean ridges where oceanic plates pull apart and rising magma creates new oceanic crust.

b)

The coastlines of South America and Africa fit together like pieces of a puzzle.

c)

One plate of rock slides underneath another plate of rock and melts in the mantle.

d)

A rock snaps under stress and pressure.

72.

Which piece of evidence below was NOT used by Wegener to support the Theory of Continental Drift?

a)

Human remains have been found in Europe and North America.

b)

Matching plant and animal fossils found on different continents.

c)

Matching rock formations found across oceans on different continents.

d)

Africa shows evidence of glacial activity.

73.

What evidence supports sea-floor spreading?

a)

Rocks get older moving away from mid-ocean ridges.

b)

Alternating bands or magnetized rocks.

c)

Fossils have been found in South America.

d)

The coastlines of South America and Africa fit together like puzzle pieces.

74.

The Great Rift Valley in Africa is a real-world example of which of the following types of plate movement?

a)

Plates pull apart.

b)

Plates push together.

c)

Plates slide alongside each other.

d)

Plates dive underneath each other.

75.

What is the name of the layer that contains the upper layer of the upper mantle and crust?

a)

Asthenosphere

b)

Mesosphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Transosphere

76.
This layer of Earth is solid Iron and Nickel
a)
Outer Core
b)
Mantle
c)
Inner Core
d)
Crust
77.
Scientists think that convection currents that move the plates flow in Earth's
a)
Continental crust
b)
oceanic crust
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
Lithosphere
78.
What happens to pressure as we move from the crust to the inner core?
a)
Pressure Decreases
b)
Pressure Increases
c)
Nothing
79.
What happens to temperature as we move from the crust to the inner core?
a)
Decreases
b)
Increases
80.
What heats material in the mantle causing the convection cycle?
a)
Solar Radiation
b)
The Earths Core
c)
Fire
d)
Hard Work
81.
Where is the temperature of the mantle material greater, at point A or point B?
a)
Point A
b)
Point B
82.
What happens to the temperature and density of materials between point B and point C?
a)
material is getting colder and more dense
b)
material is getting hotter and less dense
83.
What force causes the convection cell to turn down at point C?
a)
pressure
b)
density
c)
temperature
d)
gravity
84.

More dense matter is on the ​ (a)   because its molecules are ​ (b)   . This is why it is the ​most dense, and being the most dense is why it ​ (c)   to the ​ (d)   .

Choose from the below words
bottom
sank
farther apart
rose
top
colder
warmer
closer together
85.

Convection happens because temperature changes density. Put the steps in order:

a)

Mantle next to the core is heated

b)

Molecules spread out

c)

Mantle is less dense

d)

Mantle rises

e)

Mantle near the crust cools

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
86.

Convection happens because temperature changes density. Put the steps in order:

a)

Mantle near the crust cools

b)

Molecules get closer together

c)

Mantle is more dense

d)

Mantle sinks

e)

Mantle next to the core is heated

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
87.

When molecules are ​ (a)   , they ​ (b)   and take up more space.

Choose from the below words
heated
spread out
cooled
less
rise
sink
get closer together
88.

This makes the material ​ (a)   because now it is ​ (b)   dense than the rest of the rock around it.

Choose from the below words
cool
less
rise
sink
more
warm
89.
Where does the heat come from that drives this convection current in the mantle?
a)
the sun
b)
the core
c)
the ocean
d)
the mantle
90.
Where is the temperature of the mantle material greater, at point A or point B?
a)
Point A
b)
Point B
91.
Where is the density of the material greater, at point B or point C?
a)
Point B
b)
Point C
92.
What causes the convection cell to turn left at point B?
a)
material hits the crust and is "trapped" in the current
b)
material is getting less dense
c)
material is getting hotter
93.
What happens to the temperature and density of materials between point B and point C?
a)
material is getting colder and more dense
b)
material is getting hotter and less dense
94.
What force causes the convection cell to turn down at point C?
a)
pressure
b)
density
c)
temperature
d)
gravity
95.
What happens to the temperature and density of materials between point D and point A?
a)
material is getting colder and more dense
b)
material is getting hotter and less dense
96.
What causes the convection cell to turn up at point A?
a)
material is getting colder
b)
material is getting less dense
c)
material is getting more dense
97.

Convection currents occur due to...

a)

rotation of earth

b)

differences in temperature and density

c)

electrons moving

d)

gravitational pull

98.

Colder, more dense magma near the crust...

a)

rises.

b)

sinks.

99.

Hotter, less dense magma near the core...

a)

rises.

b)

sinks.

100.

Reorder the following from the TOP (1) to the CENTER (3) of the COMPOSITIONAL layers

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Core

1)
2)
3)
101.

What are the names of the two types of crust?

a)

Oceanic

b)

Mantle

c)

Layered

d)

Continental

e)

Mountainous

102.

Which type of crust is the thickest and the one we live on?

a)

Oceanic

b)

Mantle

c)

Layered

d)

Continental

e)

Mountainous

103.

The crust and upper mantle together are called what?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Outersphere

c)

Lithosphere

d)

Asthenosphere

104.

This liquid layer of magma is made of iron and nickel and creates earth's magnetic field and is up to 9000 degrees.

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Outer Core

d)

Inner Core

105.

Although the inner core is as hot as the sun, what causes this layer of the earth to be solid?

a)

Enormous amounts of pressure

b)

Iron can only be in a solid state

c)

The electric field causes it to be solid

d)

This layer is from another planet

106.

How do scientists know what is below the crust?

a)

They use satellites

b)

They use sonar and radar

c)

They use seismic waves

d)

They use ocean waves and gravity

107.
Which layer of Earth is characterized by rock that is plastic, or soft enough to flow?
a)
asthenosphere
b)
crust
c)
lithosphere
d)
inner core
108.

What evidence helps scientists show how sea floor spreading occurs?

a)

Ocean Floor Material

b)

Magnetic Stripes

c)

The age of the ocean floor

d)

All of the Above

109.

The process of ___________ continually adds new crust to the ocean floor along both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.

a)

plate tectonics

b)

seafloor spreading

c)

continental drift

d)

convection

110.

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath an deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

a)

continental drift

b)

subduction

c)

conduction

d)

convection

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