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Cladogram Practice

Total questions: 106

Worksheet time: 2hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
2.
Which two orgainsms have hair? 
a)
Sharks & Ray Finned Fish
b)
Primates & Rodents
c)
Birds & Crocodiles
d)
Rabbits & Birds
3.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to: 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
4.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
5.
According to the cladogram, which organism is most distantly related to the human?
a)
crayfish
b)
grasshopper
c)
perch
d)
frog
6.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
7.
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce:
a)
Fewer mutations
b)
Stronger genes
c)
More offspring
d)
Better traits
8.
You look at two species and see very similar DNA. What does this likely tell you?
a)
These are the same animal.
b)
These animals have a common ancestor.
c)
These animals are not likely related.
d)
These animals are likely becoming one species.
9.
Horse breeding for specific desired traits is an example of which type of evolutionary evidence?
a)
Artificial selection
b)
Embryology
c)
Fossils
d)
Biochemical molecules
10.
An inherited characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n)
a)
vestigial structure
b)
speciation
c)
analogous structure
d)
adaptation
11.
Common descent
a)
describes how a group of organisms share a most recent common ancestor
b)
Idk 
c)
No common ancestor
d)
None of the above
12.
Natural selection
a)
process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest
b)
Humans select which animals live and die
c)
both 
d)
IDK
13.

Which is more closely related?

a)

Lamprey and tiger

b)

Gorilla and Human

c)

Salamander and Tiger

d)

Shark and Lizard

14.

The lizard has all these derived characteristics EXCEPT

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Bipedal

d)

Amniotic Membrane

15.

How many derived characteristics are represented on the diagram above?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

16.

Which animals have amniotic eggs?

a)

Turtle and Tuna

b)

Turtle and Leopard

c)

Lancelet and Lamprey

d)

Tuna and Slaamander

17.

Which organism does not have a Vertebral Column?

a)

Lamprey

b)

Lancelet

c)

Tuna

d)

Salamander

18.

Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their____________ characteristics.

a)

shared

b)

similar

c)

different

d)

shared

19.

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

a)

Amphibians

b)

Ray-Finned Fish

c)

Primates

d)

Birds

20.

According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to:

a)

Amphibians

b)

Birds

c)

Crocadilles

d)

Sharks

21.

Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?

a)

Bipedal and Opposable Thumbs

b)

jaws

c)

tetrapod

d)

terrestrial during all life stages

22.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?

a)

Parrot

b)

Shark

c)

Hare

d)

Frog

23.

How long ago was common ancestor in this phylogenetic tree alive?

a)

53.7-54.1 mya

b)

61.5-61.9 mya

c)

50.7-54.9 mya

d)

37.9-46.5 mya

24.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

25.

Which species is most closely related to species D?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

26.

Species B is more closely related to C than to A.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Which species is most closely related to species C?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

28.

Species D is more closely related to A than to B.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Which species is most closely related to species B?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

D

30.

Species B is more closely related to A than to D.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

Which species is most closely related to species F?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

32.

Species E is more closely related to D than to B.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

Species B is more closely related to D than to A.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Which species is most closely related to E?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

F

35.

Species E is more closely related to B than F.

a)

True

b)

False

36.

True or False: Species E is more closely related to B than F.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

Which species is most closely related to B?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

e)

F

38.

Species D is more closely related to A than to F.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Species B is more closely related to D than to E.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Which of the following is most closely related to species C?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

d)

E

e)

F

41.

D is more closely related to A than to C.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

C is more closely related to B than to F.

a)

True

b)

False

43.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
44.
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the human?
a)
Frog
b)
Hare
c)
Caiman
d)
Parrot
45.

According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents & rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

46.

Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?

a)

jaws

b)

mammary glands & hair

c)

terrestrial during all life stages

d)

bipedal & opposable thumbs

47.

On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?

a)

Frog

b)

Hare

c)

Caiman

d)

Parrot

48.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

49.

Which is the newest trait?

a)

Amniotic egg

b)

Walking legs

c)

Jaws

d)

Hair

50.

According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?

a)

Amphibians

b)

Ray finned fish

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

51.

What is this a picture of?

a)

Pedigree

b)

Cladogram

c)

Family Tree

d)

Oak Tree

52.

What characteristic distinguishes amphibians from birds and reptiles?

a)

Amniotic egg

b)

Egg shells

c)

Vertebrae

d)

Hair/fur

53.

What distinguishes zebras from from giraffes?

a)

un-branching horns (in males)

b)

even number of toes

c)

fur

d)

carnivorous teeth

54.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs

55.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

56.

What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?

a)

Being bi-pedal & having language

b)

Complex brains

c)

Fully binocular vision

d)

Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs

57.

Among the living species, which two organisms are most closely related?

a)

A and G

b)

C and F

c)

B and G

d)

E and F

58.

Which statement is supported by the cladogram?

a)

The tuna does not have a jaws.

b)

The leopard does not walk on four legs.

c)

The lamprey does not have a vertebral column

d)

The salamander does not produce an amniotic egg.

59.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

a)

Species X evolved later than Species U but before Species S.

b)

Species T and Species U are related to species X.

c)

Species T is the ancestor of Species S.

d)

Species U and V evolved from Species S.

60.

In the modern classification system, organisms

are classified based on evolutionary

relationships. The illustration below shows how

several groups of organisms are classified. Among the living species, which two organisms are most closely related?

a)

A and G

b)

C and F

c)

B and G

d)

E and F

61.

In an evolutionary classification scheme, what is true of species within one genus?

a)

They have identical genes.

b)

They will not be similar in appearance.

c)

They will be limited to species that can interbreed.

d)

They will be more similar to each other than they are to other species.

62.

This is a cladogram for marine mammals. Using the cladogram, which organisms exhibit the most similar structures?

a)

dolphins and cats

b)

dolphins and true seals

c)

dolphins and porpoises

d)

dolphins and sperm whales

63.

What type of structures are shown?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Heterologous

64.

What type of structures are shown?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Heterologous

65.

What type of structures are shown?

a)

Homologous

b)

Analogous

c)

Vestigial

d)

Heterologous

66.

The "Buzz Word" for evolution is-

a)

Cannon Ancestor

b)

Common Ancestor

c)

Common Analogy

d)

Common Anteater

67.

The "Best" form of evidence for evolutionary relationships is-

a)

Molecular- DNA

b)

Fossils

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Analogous Structures

68.

According to fossil records, the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker and slower than modern horses. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have led to the increased size, strength, and speed in horses?

a)

evolution by natural selection

b)

migration

c)

inbreeding

d)

commensalism

69.

What is shown ?

a)

embryology

b)

fetalology

70.
which of the folllowing is an exammple of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the wings of an ostrich
71.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
72.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
73.
the hind leg bones in a whale are examples of
a)
homologous structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
fossils
d)
vestigals
74.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
75.
Wings of a bat and wings or an insect are an example of this…
a)
Homologous Structure
b)
Analogous Structure
c)
Vestigial Structure
d)
None of the above
76.

What does it mean when organisms share a common ancestor?

a)

They evolved from 1 species that lived in the past

b)

They are the same species

c)

The organisms have exactly the same traits

d)

The organisms are very different from one another

77.
Which layer is the oldest?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
78.
If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n)
a)
close relative
b)
early ancestor
c)
unrelated organism
d)
embryological stage
79.

Evolution is a THEORY and is subject to change if new evidence is found.

a)

True

b)

False

80.
The study of the early stages of development that is one evidence of evolution is:
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Embryology
c)
Vestigial Organs
81.
The opossum and kangaroo both incubate their young in a pouch. This provides evidence that they---
a)
are descended from a common ancestor
b)
Have very similar skeletal structures
c)
belong to the same species
d)
must range great distances to eat
82.
What do these three organisms have in common?
a)
They have stomachs of the same size
b)
They have DNA made up of the same components
c)
They have eyes that see the same ways
d)
They have brains that are the same size
83.
The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---
a)
The organisms shown lived in the same natural envionrment
b)
The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor
c)
The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases
d)
All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs
84.
The similarities of organisms in which two areas numbered in the picture provide the best evidence for common ancestry?
a)
1 and 2
b)
3 and 4
c)
5 and 6
d)
7 and 8
85.
Which statement best describes a relationship between these organisms?
a)
Organism A was probably more primitive than Organisms B and C
b)
Organism A was probably more complex than organism B and C
c)
All of these organisms probably lived at the same time
86.

________ structures are reduced in size or function due to lack of use.

a)

vestigial

b)

homologous

c)

cladistic

d)

phylogenic

87.
What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive in its environment?
a)
adaptation
b)
variation
c)
homologous structure
d)
vestigial structure
88.
A remnant or trace of an organism from the past is called a _______.
a)
Ancestor
b)
Skeleton
c)
Fossil
d)
Imprints
89.

Structures with the same structure have different functions; suggests that organisms share a common ancestry

a)

vestigial structures

b)

homologous structures

c)

adaptive radiation

d)

fossil

90.

What type of evidence is shown in the picture above?

a)

Ancestral traits

b)

Embryonic Development

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Vestigial Structures

91.

Structures are similar in function but not in structure

a)

Vestigial

b)

Homologous

c)

Analogous Structures

d)

Embryonic

92.

Charles Darwin observed that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics, this supports the hypothesis that these finches

a)

are twins

b)

acquired traits through use and disuse.

c)

all eat the same type of food.

d)

descended from a common ancestor.

93.

A proposed idea or hypothesis that has considerable evidence but cannot be entirely proven or dis-proven.

a)

Fact

b)

Smart Idea

c)

Gossip

d)

Theory

94.

Each of these limbs have different functions, but have very similar bone structure. This is an example of....

a)

Vestigal Structures

b)

Homologous Structures

c)

Analogous Structures

d)

Transitional Structures

95.

This image supports life has changed through time because it supports all of these organisms formed from......

a)

a common ancestor

b)

artificial selection

c)

natural selection

d)

polygenic traits

96.

The femur and pelvis bone found in whales is an example of a....

a)

Vestigal Structure

b)

Homologous Structure

c)

Analogous Structure

d)

Transitional Structure

97.

How old is the Earth?

a)

46 million years old

b)

4.6 million years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

d)

14.6 billion years old

98.

What phenomenon explains this occurrence?

a)

Continental Drift

b)

transitional fossils

c)

Radioactive Dating

d)

Relative Dating

99.

The definition of evolution is...

a)

Change in an individual over time

b)

Change in a population over time

c)

Natural selection of organisms TRYING to adapt

d)

Survival of only the healthiest, strongest, and fastest organisms

100.

The following is an example of what piece of evidence for evolution?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Vestigal structure

c)

Transitional structure

d)

Artificial Selection

101.

Which fossil is the youngest by the principle of relative aging (dating)?

a)

E

b)

D

c)

C

d)

B

102.

Which fossil is the oldest by the principle of relative aging (dating)?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

103.

Fossils are most likely found in...

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Metamorphic rock

c)

Sedimentary rock

d)

Granite

104.

Which organism would be most easily fossilized?

a)

A rabbit dies in the middle of the prairie in iowa

b)

A snail dies and is quickly covered by sediment

c)

A soft bodied worm dies in your garden

d)

A dinosaur gets eaten by a T. Rex

105.

Which is these time periods came the earliest in Earth's history

a)

Paleozoic

b)

Cenozoic

c)

Mesozoic

106.

Embryology supports evolution by...

a)

showing the progression of life

b)

showing we all needed gills to live in the womb

c)

providing evidence to support that we evolved from a common ancestor

d)

showing evolution is a quick process

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