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Physics | Thermodynamics 1

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the difference in energy transferred to or from the system as heat and
a)
mass
b)
work done
c)
force
d)
pressure
2.
Which best describes ENTROPY?
a)
Useful heat energy needed to drive an engine
b)
Heat that can be stored to be used at a later date
c)
  Random energy that escapes from the system
d)
A state of order in a physical system
3.
Which state of H2O  has the greatest entropy?
a)
Ice
b)
Water
c)
Vapor
4.
Which statement is true about the ENTROPY?
a)
Entropy refers to DISORDER, the unusable energy that escapes a system.
b)
Entropy refers to the balance of temperature among two or more systems.
c)
Entropy refers to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
d)
Entropy refers to the inability to destroy or create energy. 
5.
As a system becomes more disordered, entropy
a)
remains the same
b)
increases
c)
decreases
d)
cannot be determined
6.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the
a)
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
b)
law of heat addition
c)
principle of entropy
d)
conservation of energy
7.

Which is an example of decreasing entropy in a closed system?

a)

Boiling water

b)

Freezing water

c)

Cells in a body coming together

d)

Ice melting

8.

The picture shows two completely identical mason jars. They're both filled with the same gas, only one of them has more in it (more molecules). What can you say about the pressures of both jars?

a)

P1 > P2 (greater pressure in jar 1)

b)

P1< P2 (greater pressure in jar 2)

c)

P1 = P2 (same pressure in both)

d)

There's not enough info to tell

9.
Which would have more entropy?
a)
Frozen ice cream
b)
Liquid Ice cream
10.
Rank the following samples from greatest kinetic energy of the molecules to least kinetic energy of the molecules:
a)
A > B > C > D
b)
B > A > C > D
c)
B > A > D > C
d)
D > C > B > A
11.
A slower particle has a lower energy than an identical, faster particle.
a)
True
b)
False
12.
Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the
a)
first law of thermodynamics.
b)
second law of thermodynamics.
c)
both of the above
d)
none of the above
13.
What is the second law of thermodynamics state
a)
Cold air always rises
b)
Hot air always rises
c)
thermal energy can be lost
d)
Thermal energy always transfers to cooler objects
14.
What is "Entropy"?
a)
The tendency of objects to warm up
b)
The tendency of energy to spread out
c)
The tendency of energy to make heat
d)
The tendency of objects to do work
15.
In order for energy to be less concentrated what must be done?
a)
Heat released
b)
Reduce thermal energy
c)
Work
d)
Increase Radiation
16.
What heating system is most common in newer homes?
a)
Forced air
b)
A Radiator
c)
Electrical
d)
Convection
17.
What do we call the relationship between thermal energy, heat and work?
a)
Closed System
b)
Entropy
c)
Conductors
d)
Thermodynamics
18.
Why can't a heat engine be 100% efficient?
a)
Heat is always created
b)
No work can be done
c)
Entropy is lost
d)
Thermal energy decreases
19.
Which would have more entropy?
a)
Frozen ice cream
b)
Liquid Ice cream
20.
In which of the following systems is entropy increasing?
a)
Putting together a puzzle
b)
Putting books on a shelf
c)
Breaking a plate
d)
Filling a jar of salt
21.
Which of the following describes the first law of thermodynamics?
a)
The increase in thermal energy equals the work done
b)
Energy becomes less concentrated over time
22.
How can energy be transferred from a cool object to a warm object?
a)
Work must be done
b)
Increase thermal energy
c)
Use convection
d)
Q=mTC
23.
What is the name of a device that converts thermal energy into work?
a)
Heating system
b)
Heat engine
c)
Entropy
d)
Power
24.
“When thermal energy is converted into work, some thermal energy is always transferred to the surroundings.”
a)
True
b)
False
25.
How does a refrigerator work?
a)
Moves heat from inside the fridge to the room
b)
Blows cold air into the fridge
c)
Uses convection cells
d)
It generates cold air
26.
You blow up a balloon and do not tie the end.  When you let go the air flows out of the balloon. Why?
a)
The balloon is doing work
b)
Energy is being concentrated
c)
Entropy is decreasing
d)
Entropy is increasing
27.
A closed system is when energy flows across the boundary.
a)
True 
b)
False
28.

When matter heats up, what does it do?

a)

expand

b)

contract

c)

melt

d)

evaporate

29.

True/False: Heat is a type of energy

a)

True

b)

False

30.

Which of the following is not a scale used to measure temperature?

a)

Fahrenheit

b)

Celsius

c)

Kelvin

d)

Thermodynamic

31.

Heat transferred by direct contact is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convention

c)

Radiation

d)

illegal because quarantine

32.

Heat transferred by currents in a liquid or gas is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convention

c)

Radiation

d)

Icky

33.

Heat transferred by electromagnetic waves is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convention

c)

Radiation

d)

How the Hulk got his powers

34.

Which of the following is an example of a heat conductor?

a)

Steel Pipe

b)

Wood Logs

c)

Styrofoam Cup

d)

The flesh of your enemies

35.

Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy describes which law of thermodynamics?

a)

1st Law of thermodynamics

b)

2nd Law of thermodynamics

c)

3rd Law of thermodynamics

d)

4th Law of thermodynamics

36.

Heat will never flow from a cold object to a hot object on its own describes which law of thermodynamics?

a)

1st Law of thermodynamics

b)

2nd Law of thermodynamics

c)

3rd Law of thermodynamics

d)

4th Law of thermodynamics

37.

True/False: The 2nd Law of thermodynamics is also known as the Law of Entropy.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

The 1st law of Thermodynamics

a)

Energy can not be created or destroyed. It just changes forms.

b)

Energy can only be created by the sun

c)

Some energy is lost to the environment.

39.

2nd law of thermodynamics

a)

Every time energy changes form, some of it is lost to the environment

b)

Energy can't be created or destroyed

c)

All energy generates heat

40.

Conductor

a)

A material that thermal energy travels through easily

b)

A material that energy does NOT transfer through easily

c)

Energy that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves

41.

Heat transferred by direct contact is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convention

c)

Radiation

d)

illegal because quarantine

42.

Heat transferred by currents in a liquid or gas is:

a)

Conduction

b)

Convention

c)

Radiation

d)

Icky

43.

Heat will never flow from a cold object to a hot object on its own describes which law of thermodynamics?

a)

1st Law of thermodynamics

b)

2nd Law of thermodynamics

c)

3rd Law of thermodynamics

d)

4th Law of thermodynamics

44.
Entropy is a measure of:
a)
order
b)
disorder
45.
When thermal energy is added to a substance, the substance's particles move:
a)

More rapidly at an increased distance from each other.

b)
More rapidly with less distance between each other.
c)
More slowly with a greater distance between each other.
d)
More slowly with a reduced distance between each other.
46.
The kind of heat transfer that travels through space in electromagnetic waves is ______________________.
a)
insulation.
b)
Radiation
c)
Conduction
d)
Convection
47.
How does heat move to melt ice?
a)
from the ice to the water
b)
from the water to the ice
c)
from the water to the air
d)
from the air to the water
48.

Thermal Energy is...

a)

The internal energy of an object

b)

The temperature of a solid object

c)

Heat transfer through a liquid

49.

Insulator

a)

A material the energy does NOT transfer through easily

b)

A material that thermal energy travels through easily

c)

The measure of the kinetic energy of an object’s molecules

50.

Which statement about the figure is correct?

a)

Pot A has a higher temperature than Pot B.

b)

Pot B has a higher temperature than Pot A.

c)

Pot A has more thermal energy than Pot B.

d)

Pot B has more thermal energy than Pot A.

51.

Adam placed a heated aluminum cube in a beaker of water and then measured the change in the temperature of the water.The change in temperature he recorded was most likely measured in

a)

calories

b)

degrees Celcius

c)

grams per cubic centimeter

d)

joules

52.

When you measure the temperature of an object, you are measuring _________.

a)

the average chemical energy of its particles

b)

the sum of its kinetic and potential energies

c)

the average kinetic energy of its particles

d)

the specific heat of the object

53.

____ is the thermal energy that is transferred from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature.

a)

Work

b)

Kinetic energy

c)

Heat

d)

Potential energy

54.

The moving particles that make up an object have _____ energy.

a)

decreasing

b)

increasing

c)

kinetic

d)

potential

55.

If the particles that make up an object begin to move quickly, their average kinetic energy _____ and the object's temperature _____.

a)

increases, falls

b)

increases, rises

c)

decreases, rises

d)

decreases, falls

56.

_____ is the thermal energy that is transformed from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature.

a)

Heat

b)

Work

c)

Kinetic energy

d)

Potential energy

57.

Which thermometer best represents the temperature 96°?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

E

d)

F

e)

H

58.

Jackson heats a liquid during an experiment. What is the temperature of the liquid?

a)

50.125°C

b)

51.25°C

c)

51.5°C

d)

52.75°C

59.

Which thermometer best represents the temperature 39°?

a)

B

b)

D

c)

F

d)

H

e)

J

60.

Two objects with different temperatures are placed into a system. Which way will heat flow naturally?

a)

From the warmer object to the cooler object.

b)

From the cooler object to the warmer object.

c)

From one object to the other regardless of temperature.

d)

No flow will occur.

61.

Two objects with different temperatures are placed into a system. Which outcome is most likely to occur?

a)

The cooler object will warm to match the object with a higher temperature.

b)

The warmer object will cool to match the object with a lower temperature.

c)

The warmer object will heat the cooler object until both objects are the same temperature.

d)

The environment will absorb heat from the warmer object so it will be room temperature.

62.

What must occur for the natural flow of heat to be reversed?

a)

Work

b)

Kinetic Energy

c)

Temperature Conversion

d)

Create energy

63.

Rank the following objects from lowest entropy to highest entropy.

a)
b)
c)
d)
64.

True or False: Entropy increases as temperature increases

a)

True

b)

False

65.

What method of heat transfer is occurring from the handle to the hand?

a)

Convection

b)

Radiation

c)

Conduction

66.

What method of heat transfer is occurring in the pot?

a)

Radiation

b)

Conduction

c)

Convection

67.

What method of heat transfer is this?

a)

Convection

b)

Radiation

c)

Conduction

68.

Rank the following objects from lowest entropy to highest entropy.

a)
b)
c)
d)
69.

What does thermodynamics say about the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero temperature?

a)

It is at its maximum

b)

It is at its minimum

c)

It remains constant

70.

Any change of temperature is due to work being done on or by the gas.

a)

Adiabatic

b)

Isovolumetric

c)

Isothermal

d)

isobaric

71.

No change of temperature.

a)

Adiabatic

b)

 Isovolumetric

c)

 Isothermal

72.

In an adiabatic process, what is held constant?

a)

Pressure

b)

Volume

c)

Temperature

d)

None of the above

73.

In an adiabatic process, what equals zero?

a)

Q

b)

W

c)

ΔU

d)

T

74.

In an adiabatic process there is no _________ transfer between the gas and the surroundings.

a)

Kinetic Energy

b)

Work

c)

Thermal Energy

75.

What does this diagram show?

a)

a non-reversible isothermal process

b)

a pressure-volume diagram for the Carnot Cycle

c)

a pressure-volume diagram for any Ideal Gas

d)

a non-reversible adiabatic process

76.

Why is the ideal Carnot engine unrealistic for any application?

a)

It has a low efficiency

b)

It requires a large amount of energy

c)

It has zero power

d)

It releases too much power

77.

What is thermodynamics?

a)

movement of heat

b)

it's magic

c)

measurement of heat

d)

none of them

78.

Which way does heat flow?

a)

hot to cold

b)

cold to hot

c)

it doesn't 

79.

What is absolute zero?

a)

0 K

b)

273 K

c)

0oC

d)

-273K

80.

Which of the following is the best example of The Second Law of Thermodynamics?

a)

A bike parked at the top of a hill has stored potential energy

b)

A bike rolling down a hill has kinetic energy

c)

Water flowing over a dam is used to generate electricity

d)

Some of the potential energy stored in gasoline is lost as heat when burned in a car's engine

81.

How does a Carnot engine operate and what is its efficiency?

a)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 1 - (Tc/Th).

b)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is Tc/Th.

c)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 1 + (Tc/Th).

d)

A Carnot engine operates without any heat loss.

82.

Describe the concept of thermal equilibrium.

a)

Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two or more objects in thermal contact have the same temperature, resulting in no net heat transfer.

b)

Thermal equilibrium occurs when objects are at different temperatures and heat is transferred.

c)

Thermal equilibrium is the process of heating an object until it reaches a boiling point.

d)

Thermal equilibrium refers to the condition where objects are in motion and generate heat.

83.

What is the difference between isothermal and adiabatic processes?

a)

Isothermal processes occur at high pressure; adiabatic processes occur at low pressure.

b)

Isothermal processes maintain constant temperature; adiabatic processes involve no heat exchange.

c)

Isothermal processes involve heat exchange; adiabatic processes maintain constant temperature.

d)

Isothermal processes are irreversible; adiabatic processes are reversible.

84.

A steam engine absorbs 690 J and releases 372 J in each cycle. What is the engine's efficiency?

η=1−TcTh\eta=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}

a)

0.46

b)

318

c)

0.64

d)

1.0

85.

A heat engine converts thermal energy into what?

a)

potential energy

b)

chemical energy

c)

mechanical energy

d)

electrical energy

86.

An steam engine takes in steam at 700K and exhausts it at 350K. What is the maximum thermal efficiency of the engine?

η=1−TcTh\eta=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}

(a)  

87.

Step two in Carnot engine is

a)

Isothermal expansion

b)

Isothermal compression

c)

Adiabatic expansion

d)

Adiabatic compression

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