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WorksheetsAnatomy II Final Exam Review
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which part of the brain first receives olfactory information?
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Thalamus
Which special sense has the ability to replace its damaged neural receptors by using stem cells?
Vision
Hearing
Smell
Taste
What percent of inhaled air is delivered to the olfactory organs?
2%
10%
5%
15%
Where are gustatory receptors located?
Nose
Eyes
Tongue
Ears
Stimulation of what type of receptor within the trigeminal nerve would produce a sensation of peppery hot?
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Which two special senses are the most related in function?
Taste and Smell
Vision and Hearing
Touch and Taste
Smell and Vision
Which lingual (tongue) papillae has the most taste buds?
Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate
Where can taste receptors be found (multiple areas)?
Only on the tongue
Tongue, soft palate, and throat
Only in the throat
Only on the soft palate
How many taste buds does the average adult have?
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
What are the 6 primary taste sensations?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, spicy
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, metallic
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, fat
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, astringent
What taste does umami (Japanese) represent and what is it triggered by?
Sweet; sugars
Bitter; alkaloids
Savory; glutamate
Sour; acids
Lacrimal glands secrete tears of what tonicity?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Atonic
What structure is responsible for changing the lens for near and far vision?
Retina
Cornea
Ciliary body
Iris
What controls the shape of the lens?
Pupil
Ciliary muscles
Optic nerve
Lens capsule
Know what endocrine cells are.
Cells that produce digestive enzymes
Cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Cells that form the outer layer of skin
Cells that transmit nerve impulses
What is the primary function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
Increase blood glucose levels
Stimulate milk production
Reduce urine production
Increase heart rate
What can the overproduction of growth hormone (GH) cause after the closure of bone growth plates?
Dwarfism
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Osteoporosis
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland?
ACTH
TSH
LH
FSH
What is the function of prolactin?
Stimulate ovulation
Increase heart rate
Stimulate milk production
Regulate blood pressure
What is the term for the excess production of urine?
Polyuria
Anuria
Oliguria
Dysuria
Which element is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone?
Calcium
Iodine
Iron
Magnesium
What is hirsutism?
Excessive hair loss
Excessive hair growth
Brittle nails
Skin rash
Name several functions of blood.
Transporting oxygen, regulating temperature, and protecting against infections
Digesting food, producing hormones, and storing energy
Filtering waste, producing bile, and storing vitamins
Absorbing nutrients, producing insulin, and regulating blood sugar
What is the normal pH of blood?
6.0
7.4
8.5
5.5
Formed elements comprise what percent of blood?
25%
45%
60%
75%
Is whole blood usually taken from veins, arteries, or capillaries?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Lymph vessels
Does blood generally have a high or low viscosity compared to water?
High viscosity
Low viscosity
Same viscosity
No viscosity
If a doctor wants to check how well the patient is exchanging gases in the lungs, would he draw blood from a vein or an artery? Explain.
Vein, because it is easier to access
Artery, because it reflects gas exchange in the lungs
Vein, because it has more oxygen
Artery, because it has less carbon dioxide
What is the total volume of blood in the body of a 80Kg person?
3 liters
5 liters
7 liters
9 liters
What is the most abundant component of plasma?
Proteins
Water
Glucose
Lipids
What is the term used to describe a person who has a low blood volume?
Anemia
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Leukopenia
What plasma protein is essential for blood coagulation to occur?
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulin
Hemoglobin
Where do all red blood cells circulating in an adult originate?
Liver
Bone marrow
Spleen
Heart
What is the genetic cause of sickle cell anemia? (not the definition of sickle cell)
Mutation in the hemoglobin gene
Deficiency in iron
Lack of vitamin B12
Excessive red blood cell production
What is the average life span of a red blood cell?
30 days
60 days
120 days
180 days
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transporting oxygen
Fighting infections
Clotting blood
Producing hormones
Know the difference between agglutinins and agglutinogens.
Agglutinins are antibodies; agglutinogens are antigens
Agglutinins are antigens; agglutinogens are antibodies
Both are types of white blood cells
Both are types of plasma proteins
Understand hemolytic disease in newborns and how it occurs.
It occurs due to a vitamin deficiency
It is caused by Rh incompatibility between mother and child
It results from a bacterial infection
It is due to a genetic mutation
Approximately how many times does the heart beat in a day?
10,000 times
50,000 times
100,000 times
150,000 times
How many liters of blood does the heart pump a day on average?
2,000 liters
8,000 liters
7,000 liters
10,000 liters
About how large is an adult human heart?
Size of a fist
Size of a grapefruit
Size of a tennis ball
Size of a golf ball
When blood leaves the right ventricle, what valve does it pass through?
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Tricuspid valve
What is the primary function of atrioventricular valves?
To pump blood to the lungs
To prevent backflow of blood
To oxygenate the blood
To regulate heart rate
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit (body) first enters where?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
What is the earlike extension of the atrium called?
Auricle
Ventricle
Septum
Valve
What does the right ventricle pump blood to?
Lungs
Body
Left atrium
Right atrium
What does the left ventricle pump blood to?
Lungs
Body
Right atrium
Left atrium
From where does the right atrium receive blood?
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Venae cavae
Coronary arteries
What is a coronary thrombosis?
A heart valve defect
A blockage in the coronary artery
An irregular heartbeat
A type of heart murmur
What happens to the size of the left ventricle chamber when it contracts?
It enlarges
It shrinks
It remains the same
It twists
Blood flows into the heart from the venae cavae and then to what valve?
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Arrange in order the flow of blood through the cardiovascular flow circuit using the following structures: Venules, arterioles, capillaries, elastic arteries, medium veins, large veins, muscular arteries.
Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, medium veins, large veins
Large veins, medium veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, muscular arteries, elastic arteries
Arterioles, capillaries, venules, medium veins, large veins, elastic arteries, muscular arteries
Capillaries, venules, medium veins, large veins, elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles
What vessels are called resistance vessels?
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Large veins
What are the smallest arterial branches?
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Medium veins
What large vessels return blood to the heart?
Large veins
Arterioles
Capillaries
Elastic arteries
What is the function of venous valves?
Prevent backflow of blood
Increase blood pressure
Exchange nutrients
Reduce blood flow
What vessels contain elastic fibers which stretch during systole?
Elastic arteries
Capillaries
Venules
Medium veins
What is the primary cause of a stroke?
Blockage of blood flow to the brain
Excessive blood flow to the brain
High blood pressure
Low blood pressure
What structures, other than cells, comprise the lymphatic system?
Lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
Arteries and veins
Capillaries and arterioles
Heart and lungs
What structure does most lymph travel through to return to venous circulation?
Thoracic duct
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
What causes fluid to move inside lymphatic vessels?
Heartbeat
Muscle contractions
Gravity
Blood pressure
Which cells are directly responsible for cellular immunity and humoral immunity, respectively?
B cells and T cells
T cells and B cells
Macrophages and neutrophils
Dendritic cells and basophils
What type of lymphocytes destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells?
B cells
T cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
What type of epithelium lines the conducting airways of the respiratory system?
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Into what do the auditory tubes open?
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Where are the palatine tonsils located?
Nasal cavity
Oropharynx
Larynx
Trachea
What cartilage covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing?
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Name the organs of the digestive tract.
Stomach, liver, pancreas
Esophagus, stomach, intestines
Heart, lungs, brain
Kidneys, bladder, urethra
Name the accessory organs of digestion.
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Heart, lungs, brain
Kidneys, bladder, urethra
Stomach, intestines, esophagus
Define digestion.
The process of breathing
The breakdown of food into smaller components
The circulation of blood
The process of cell division
Name the primary functions of the digestive system.
Circulation and respiration
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
Filtration and excretion
Sensory perception and response
What is peristalsis?
The rhythmic contraction of muscles to move food through the digestive tract
The process of breathing
The breakdown of proteins
The absorption of nutrients
What are mesenteries? (include their function)
Structures that support and stabilize organs in the abdominal cavity
Muscles that aid in digestion
Cells that produce digestive enzymes
Hormones that regulate appetite
What structure in the digestive tract increases the surface area for absorption?
Villi
Alveoli
Nephrons
Synapses
What part of the digestive tract is most responsible for water absorption, regulating dehydration, and the compaction of indigestible materials?
Large intestine
Stomach
Small intestine
Esophagus
What parts of the digestive tract contain mucous cells in the epithelium?
Stomach and intestines
Heart and lungs
Kidneys and bladder
Brain and spinal cord
What are the functions of the oral cavity?
Ingestion and initial digestion of food
Filtration of blood
Regulation of body temperature
Production of hormones
How many pairs of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity?
Three
Two
Four
Five
What structure prevents food from entering the pharynx prematurely?
Epiglottis
Uvula
Tonsils
Larynx
What is the mineralized matrix of teeth called?
Enamel
Dentin
Pulp
Cementum
