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WorksheetsE3Q2 - EoK (DNA & Heredity)
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 44mins
What does uppercase lettering in genotypes usually represent?
Dominant alleles
Recessive alleles
Blended traits
Environment effects
If R = round and r = wrinkled, what is the phenotype of Rr?
Round
Wrinkled
Mixed
Yellow
What does a dominant allele do?
It masks the presence of a recessive allele
It never gets expressed
It turns into DNA
It disappears after F1
Which genotype would result in a recessive trait being expressed?
rr
RR
Rr
RY
What did Mendel conclude about traits like white flowers?
They are not lost, just masked
They disappear completely
They are mutated traits
What is an allele?
A different version of a gene
A protein
A chromosome
A recessive gene only
What does heterozygous mean?
Two different alleles at a locus
Two of the same alleles
No alleles
Two dominant alleles
Which of the following is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of a trait
The allele combination
The chromosome location
The DNA sequence only
What was observed in Mendel’s F1 generation after crossing white and purple flowers?
All offspring had purple flowers
All offspring had white flowers
Half were purple and half white
They had blended colors
What is an inherited trait?
A trait passed from parents to offspring
A trait caused only by environment
A random mutation
A learned behavior
Homozygous means:
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
Having only one allele for a gene
Having no alleles for a gene
Two of the same alleles at a locus
Two of the same alleles at a locus
One allele only
Two dominant and one recessive
No matching traits
What did Mendel do to control pollination?
He removed male parts and manually pollinated
He used bees and removed their wings so that they can't fly away
He grew them indoors and only in the night
He added chemicals that show up purple and white
What did the F2 generation reveal?
Some white flowers reappeared
Only purple flowers remained
All were white
They didn’t grow flowers
What determines an organism’s genotype?
The combination of alleles it inherits
The color of its flowers
The size of its cells inside the nucleus
How tall it grows when it is reaching maturity
What does the law of segregation state?
Genes separate during gamete formation
Genes blend in offspring when they reach adulthood
Traits skip generations randomly
All traits are dominant in the beginning and then become recessive
Where is a gene located?
On a specific locus of a chromosome
In the nucleus only and when it is in the nucleus
In the ribosome of the nucleus
On the petal of a flower that Mendel discovered
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA coding for a protein
An entire chromosome when the DNA coils
The shape of a flower when the phenotype is shown
A cell structure inside the cytoplasm
Why did Mendel choose pea plants for his experiments?
They reproduce quickly and have many distinct traits
They are colorful and can be tracked back to the first plants
They live a long time when they are taken care of
They are expensive and only available in the winter
What is genetics?
The study of inheritance and variation of traits
The study of flowers reproducing traits
The study of cell division in plant cells
The blending of traits in parents when they overcome heterogynosity
What does meiosis do with alleles?
Separates alleles into different gametes
Blends them towards the beginning of mitosis
Copies them exactly and sets them into 23 pairs
Removes dominant traits so that the recessive traits show
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What is the role of salt in the extraction solution?
Breaks protein chains that bind DNA
Coloring agent
Makes the DNA glow
Filters particles
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What should you observe when ethanol is added to the filtered extract?
DNA begins to precipitate
The solution turns blue
The solution evaporates
A smell is released
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Which part of the lab allowed you to observe DNA directly?
Adding ethanol to the extract
Grinding the strawberry
Adding salt
Filtering the mixture
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What is the purpose of the soap in the extraction buffer?
Dissolves cell and nuclear membranes
Stains the DNA
Makes the solution sticky
Kills bacteria
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What does the DNA extraction buffer contain?
Salt and soap
Vinegar and water
Baking soda
Ethanol only
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Strawberries are a good source for DNA extraction because:
They have large genomes and many cells
They are easy to mash and break open
They contain enzymes that help break down cell walls
All of the above
Why is it important for scientists to extract DNA?
To study genes and diagnose genetic diseases
To make vaccines for influenzas and different viruses
To compare the size and length of chromosomes from different humans
To stop cancer from duplicating in G1 phase and before getting to cytokinesis
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Why must ethanol be added carefully down the side of the tube?
To keep the layers separate for DNA precipitation
To mix everything quickly
To heat the DNA
To prevent salt buildup
Is there DNA in food?
Yes, all living things contain DNA
Only in vegetables
Only if you cook it
No, only cells have DNA
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Which materials were essential for isolating the DNA?
A) Strawberry, salt/soap solution, ethanol, cheesecloth
B) cheesecloth, test tube, rubber, hydrogen peroxide
C) Beaker, ethanol, soap, pepper, and heat
D) Light, heat, soap, salt, hydrogen peroxide, and sugar
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Why does DNA appear when ethanol is added?
DNA is not soluble in ethanol
Ethanol dissolves DNA
DNA changes color
Ethanol breaks chromosomes
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What was the first step in the DNA extraction procedure?
Mash the strawberry to break open cells
Add ethanol to precipitate the DNA to the top
Filter the solution using the cheesecloth and the test tube
Heat the sample to boiling before adding the strawberry to the zip lock bag
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What does the analogy of thread and rope suggest about DNA?
DNA is visible only when bundled together
DNA is flexible and can sink to the bottom of the test tube
DNA is red on the inside and acts like a rope
DNA is used to make rope
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What does filtering the strawberry slurry through cheesecloth do?
Separates solids from liquids
Removes DNA
Dyes the solution
Breaks proteins
Which of the following best describes DNA's solubility?
Soluble in water, not ethanol
Soluble in both water and ethanol
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Which step in the procedure breaks down cell membranes?
Adding soapy solution
Mashing the strawberry
Filtering through cheesecloth
Freezing the extract
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What did the DNA look like when extracted?
White, stringy, or cloudy material
Red powder suspended in liquid
Clear gas with bubbles in the water
Sticky blue gel that stick to your fingers
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What is the correct match of function to step: 'Add ethanol'?
Precipitate DNA from solution
Break open the cells
Separate organelles
Unzip DNA strands
In the DNA Extraction Lab: Why does the DNA float in the ethanol layer?
It is less dense and not soluble in ethanol
It's attracted to cheesecloth
It bonds to soap to remove the salt
It sticks to salt when there is soap present in solution
In the DNA Extraction Lab: What is the main reason for using cheesecloth in this lab?
To remove solid chunks from the slurry
To extract proteins from the DNA mixture
To stain DNA a specific color to determine mutations
To freeze the DNA and make it easier to study
From the DNA Replication Simulation: What does helicase do in DNA replication?
Unzips the DNA strand
Builds new nucleotides
Corrects substitutions
Folds chromosomes
Which of the following are correct DNA base pairings?
A-T and G-C
A-G and T-C
A-C and G-T
T-G and C-A
What are complementary base pairs in DNA?
A pairs with T, G pairs with C
A pairs with G, T pairs with C
T pairs with G, A pairs with C
G pairs with A, T pairs with C
From the DNA Replication Simulation: How does the simulation show a substitution mutation?
A red letter appears
A black strand breaks
The DNA re-coils
A green arrow is shown What role does the p53 molecule play in the simulation?
Detects and repairs substitutions
Builds new strands
Adds sugars to nucleotides
Creates mRNA
Which part of the nucleotide varies and holds genetic information?
The base
The sugar
The phosphate
The nucleus
When does DNA condense into chromosomes?
During cell division
During protein synthesis
While in G1 phase
During transcription
How does DNA appear when the cell is not dividing?
Loose and string-like
Condensed into X shapes
Bundled tightly
Forming ribosomes
What does p53's ability to detect mutations suggest?
Cells have mechanisms to prevent cancer
All mutations are harmless
Cells cannot fix DNA errors
Mutation increases chromosome number
The three parts of a nucleotide are:
Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Amino acid, sugar, phosphate group
Fatty acid, sugar, nitrogenous base
Phosphate group, lipid, protein
Which of the following are the components of a DNA nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, base
RNA, sugar, protein
Membrane, nucleus, base
Enzyme, acid, phosphate
What is a substitution mutation?
An incorrect nucleotide pairing
A loss of a base pair
The folding of DNA
The duplication of DNA strands
From the DNA Replication Simulation: What are the first two actions required to prepare DNA for replication in the simulation?
Uncoil and unzip the DNA
Add p53 and check for mutations
Pause and reset the model
Drag nucleotides to the arrows
From the DNA Replication Simulation: What does the substitution rate measure?
The number of errors during replication
The speed of unzipping
The number of helicase molecules used
The time for replication
Why can human cells function differently even though they have the same DNA?
They express different genes
They have different chromosomes
They replicate at different times
What is the process of copying DNA called?
DNA replication
RNA translation
Mitosis
Transcription
What is a mutation?
A change in DNA sequence
A new cell during mitosis
A DNA fold into an x shaped chromosome
A broken protein
Why is p53 important in real cells?
It prevents the division of damaged cells
It copies RNA into a DNA molecule in replication
It forms new cells inside of the nucleus during mitosis
It condenses chromosomes into Y shapes for replication
How many base pairs are in the full human genome?
More than 3 billion
Around 300,000
About 24 million
Less than 100,000
From the DNA Replication Simulation: How are mutations repaired in the simulation after p53 is used?
The correct letter is dragged into place
The DNA is re-zipped and replication can continue
The strand is deleted and the sequence is restarted
The molecule is flipped upside down so that the bottom row is at the top
From the DNA Replication Simulation: What does the simulation help visualize?
DNA error detection and repair
Protein synthesis
The phases of Mitosis
Chromosome separation
Match the image with the correct vocabulary word.
DNA
an organic chemical that carries all information of a living thing
Chromosome-
threadlike structures that carry information about the organism in units called genes
Cell-
the smallest unit with the basic properties of lifeand made of molecules
What type of genotype does each flower have?
Purple (P) is dominant to white (p).
Move label to bottom of square.
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
heterozygous dominant
In hamsters, short fur is dominant (F) and long fur is recessive (f). Match genotypes and phenotypes below.
FF
Ff
ff
The picture shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. Three genes are labeled.
Match the genotype with the correct description.
Heterozygous
Two different alleles
Homozygous DOMINANT
Two identical DOMINANT alleles
Homozygous recessive
Two identical recessive alleles
How are alleles inherited?
From the mother only
From the father only
From both parents
Randomly from the environment
What is an allele?
A type of gene
A variant form of a gene
A type of chromosome
A mutation in a gene
What is a gene?
A part of DNA that codes for a specific trait
A type of chromosome
A cell that carries genetic information
A protein that helps in cell division
Which scientist is known as the father of genetics?
James Watson
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Louis Pasteur
What is the function of soap in the DNA extraction process?
It breaks down cell membranes to release DNA
It neutralizes the ethanol
It colors the DNA for visibility
It dissolves the DNA
What does homozygous mean in genetics?
Having two identical alleles for a trait
Having two different alleles for a trait
Having no alleles for a trait
Having three alleles for a trait
Which molecule carries genetic information from parents to offspring?
DNA
Protein
Glucose
Lipid
What is the function of a chromosome in a cell?
To organize and store genetic material
To transport water
To produce energy for the cell
To digest nutrients
Which process results in the formation of gametes with half the usual number of chromosomes?
Meiosis
Translation
Mitosis
Replication
Where may your DNA be lingering in the DNA extraction process shown in the image?
At the bottom of the container
At the top layer of alcohol
Between the two layers of alcohol and strawberry extract
Outside the container
ATG TGA CAG
The physical expression of a genetic trait is called a
mutation
genotype
crossing over
phenotype
Having two of the same alleles for a trait (sometimes called purebred).
homozygous
hetrozygous
protein
chromosome
Having two different alleles for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
protein
homozygous
heterozygous
genotype
