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Earth Cycles & Life Over Time Review

Total questions: 93

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is NOT a natural resource?

a)

wood

b)

cotton

c)

oil

d)

plastic

e)

coal

2.

A _____________________ is a natural resource that we can replace faster than we use it up.

a)

renewable resource

b)

nonrenewable resource

c)

synthetic material

d)

made made product

3.

ASPHALT: Rock or NOT Rock?

a)

Rock

b)

NOT Rock

4.

What does naturally occurring mean?

a)

It means that it can't come from something once living.

b)

It means that it has a definite volume and shape. So, its particles are tightly packed together.

c)

I don't know.

d)

It means that the substance must occur in nature. So, it can't be created by humans.

5.

Although cement, brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in the Earth’s crust, they are NOT classified as minerals because___________________.

a)

They are organic

b)

They have a crystalline structure.

c)

They can be a liquid

d)

They are not naturally occurring

6.

True or False: Minerals make up rocks. 

a)

True

b)

False

7.

Weathering is the process of -

a)

Moving sediment from one place to another

b)

Dropping or leaving sediment in a location

c)

Breaking down rocks into sediment

8.

An example of chemical weathering is -

a)

Ice wedging

b)

Oxidation

c)

Animals burrowing

d)

Crashing waves

9.

An example of physical weathering is -

a)

Plant roots and leaves releasing acids

b)

Carbonic acid dissolving limestone

c)

Large temperature changes

d)

Lichens growing on rocks

10.

Ice wedging is an example of -

a)

Physical weathering

b)

Chemical weathering

c)

Both physical AND chemical weathering

11.

These rocks were made smooth by wind blowing smaller rock particles across their surface.  This is an example of:

a)

ice wedging

b)

chemical weathering

c)

acid rain

d)

abrasion

12.

A metal statue slowly turning green after years of being outside is an example of:

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

13.

What is sediment?

a)

the process of rocks being broken down and carried away

b)

bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks

c)

the top layer of the soil

d)

decaying plant or animal material 

14.

_____________________ is the movement of soil and rock by wind, water, ice, and gravity.

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

15.

Burning wood is an example of a...

a)

physical change

b)

chemical change

16.

Caves being formed by acid rain dissolving underground limestone are examples of what?

a)

chemical weathering (carbonation)

b)

chemical weathering (oxidation)

c)

physical weathering (frost action)

d)

physical weathering (plant action)

17.

This image shows the process of

a)

Carbonation

b)

Hydration

c)

Abrasion

d)

Frost action

18.

Select the forms of weathering that are physical

a)

oxidation

b)

frost action

c)

abrasion

d)

carbonation

19.

Select the forms of weathering that are chemical

a)

oxidation

b)

frost action

c)

abrasion

d)

carbonation

20.

________ is the process in which rocks and soil are dropped.

a)

weathering 

b)

erosion

c)

oxidation

d)

deposition 

21.

Wegener used the fit of the continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

22.

Wegener used matching matching fossils of the same organisms on different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

23.

Wegener used matching rock types and ages across different continents as evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift.

a)

true

b)

false

24.

Sunlight is

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

25.

Wind is

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

26.

Resources that are not able to be reproduced as quickly as they are used are called _____.

a)

renewable resources

b)

replaceable resources

c)

non renewable resources

d)

non replaceable resources

27.

Geothermal energy uses heat from ____ to produce electricity.

a)

the earth

b)

coal

c)

oil

d)

natural gas

28.

Which renewable resource gets its direct energy from the sun? 

a)

Geothermal

b)

Solar

c)

Wind

d)

Hydrogen

29.

What are fossil fuels?

a)

Dinosaur bones

b)

Resources made from once living organisms 

c)

Combination of different rocks

d)

Gas Stations

30.

Which of the following is the oldest?

a)

Layer L

b)

Intrusion D

c)

Intrusion H

d)

Layer E

31.

The youngest material of the ocean floor is found at mid-ocean _________.

a)

ridges

b)

trenches

c)

basins

d)

rifts

32.

Which term is defined as the age of a rock given as the number of years since the rock formed?

a)

Relative Age

b)

Geology

c)

Absolute Age

d)

Law of Superposition

33.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer M or Intrusion P?

a)

Layer M

b)

Intrusion P

34.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

a)

A, B, C, D, E

b)

E, B, C, D, A

c)

E, D, C, B, A

d)

C, B, A, D, E

35.

Name this type of boundary

a)

Convergent boundary

b)

Divergent Boundary 

c)

Transform

d)

Volcanoes

36.

Sedimentary rock layers are created in which fashion:

a)

vertical

b)

horizontal

c)

diagonal

d)

circular

37.

According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 

a)

At the top of the rock layers

b)

Near the bottom of the rock layers

c)

In the middle of the rock layers

d)

Somewhat near the surface

38.

What are the relative ages of the features in order from oldest to youngest?

a)

Limestone, Basalt, Fault, Siltstone

b)

Siltstone, Fault, Basalt, Limestone

c)

Limestone, Fault, Basalt, Siltstone

d)

Limestone, Siltstone, Fault, Basalt

39.

Which layer is OLDER? Layer E or Fault H?

a)

Layer E

b)

Fault H

40.

What is known as the age of a rock or fossil described in comparison to that of another rock or fossil.

a)

Relative Age

b)

Absolute Age

c)

Parent Isotope

d)

Half-LIfe

41.

Which of the following is the oldest?

a)

Layer L

b)

Intrusion D

c)

Intrusion H

d)

Layer E

42.

Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?

a)

A, B, C, D, E

b)

E, B, C, D, A

c)

E, D, C, B, A

d)

C, B, A, D, E

43.

The squirrel in the picture is using an adaptation called

a)

camouflage

b)

hibernation

c)

migration

d)

retention

44.

Differences in traits are called:

a)

natural selection

b)

genetic variations

c)

artificial selection

d)

adaptations

45.

Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Albert Einstein

c)

Steven Hawking

d)

Isaac Newton

46.

Which organisms are most likely to survive?

a)

the best adapted

b)

the fastest

c)

the strongest

d)

the most domesticated (tamed)

47.

Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?

a)

Yes, they know they need to change to survive 

b)

No, they change because of natural selection

48.

What is a trait?

a)

a color

b)

the quality or characteristic of an organism

c)

the DNA of an organism

d)

when mutations cause extra limbs.

49.

Coloring or another physical characteristic that help an organism blend in with its environment

a)

mimicry

b)

camouflage

c)

hibernation

d)

migration

50.

Penguin flipper and fish fin

a)

Homologous

b)

Vestigial

c)

Analogous

d)

None of the above

51.

body parts that perform a similar function but differ in structure

a)

homologous structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

vestigial structures

d)

comparative anatomy

52.
How would you describe this evolution?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
53.

Whales have pelvic bones. What type of structure does this best represent?

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

54.
Analogous structures show common ancestry.
a)
True
b)
False
55.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
56.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
57.
Structures that are inherited from a common ancestor are homologous.
a)
True
b)
False
58.

The bones in the figure above are-

a)

Evidence of a common ancestor

b)

Evidence that animals can walk

c)

Evidence that fossils are old

d)

Evidence of nothing

59.
The image shows an example of..
a)
vestigial structure
b)
homologous structure
c)
analogous structure
60.
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
a)
the wings of a red-tailed hawk
b)
the hind limbs of a house cat
c)
the fins of sharks
d)
the tailbone of a human
61.
The image shows an example of..
a)
vestigial structure
b)
analogous structure
c)
homologous structure
62.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
63.

The analysis of embryos can prove...

a)

fossils

b)

extinction

c)

common ancestry

64.

What evidence is most important when using relative dating?

a)

the half-life of a radioactive element

b)

the position of sediment in petrified rock

c)

the types of minerals in a petrified fossil

d)

the position of fossils in sedimentary rock layers

65.
How far back in time can geologists study the history of the earth?
a)
1.6 billion years
b)
46 million years
c)
4.6 billion years
d)
160 billion years
66.

What is Plate Tectonics?

a)

movement of the Earth in space

b)

movement of the oceans against Earth's land

c)

movement of the Earth around the sun

d)

movement of the pieces of Earth's crust

67.

What are plates?

a)

pieces of the Earth's moon

b)

pieces of rock and dust floating in space

c)

pieces of the Earth's core

d)

pieces of Earth's crust

68.

What layer of Earth is made of magma?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

69.

Why did other scientists did no believe in Wegener’s theory?

a)

He could not explain how the continents moved

b)

He didn’t have evidence

c)

His data was wrong

d)

He didn’t use the right technology to gather data

70.
True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?
a)
True
b)
False
71.
What happens when Subduction occurs?
a)
Parts of the crust fall into the mantle
b)
Parts of the crust fall into the core
c)
Parts of the crust fall into space
d)
None of the Above
72.

When plates are moving towards each other, this is called:

a)

Transform

b)

Convergent

c)

Divergent

d)

Volcanic

73.

When the plates are sliding along one another in opposite directions:

a)

Transformation

b)

Volcanic

c)

Convergent

d)

Divergent

74.

When plates are moving away from each other.

a)

Convergent

b)

Volcanic

c)

Divergent

d)

Transform

75.

Volcanoes and Mountains are formed from

a)

Divergent Plate Boundaries

b)

Transform Boundaries

c)

Volcanic Boundaries

d)

Convergent Boundaries

76.

Earthquakes occur along a ___________.

a)

Fault Line

b)

Mountain Chain

c)

Sea Floor Spreading

d)

Base of a Volcano

77.

Divergent Boundaries cause

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Mountains

c)

Sea Floor Spreading

d)

Earthquakes

78.
Where would the oldest rock be found?
a)
L
b)
M
c)
N
d)
O
79.
Which of the following causes Earth's tectonic plates to move?
a)
Energy from the Sun
b)
Magnetic Pole Reversal
c)
Convection currents in the mantle
d)
Faults in Mountain Ranges
80.

What is the underlying force that drives plate tectonics?

a)

earthquakes

b)

volcanoes

c)

ocean tides

d)

convection currents

81.
Who is the person credited with developing the theory of continental drift?
a)
Harry Hess
b)
Galileo
c)
Alfred Wegener
d)
Newton
82.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
83.

What does the theory of continental drift state?

a)

The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time.

b)

Continents are stationary and do not move.

c)

The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents.

d)

none of the above

84.
Which type of rock is made by small bits of rock, mud, or sand compacted and cemented together?
a)
Coal
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
sedimentary
85.

Which type of rock is made from lava or magma cooling?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

86.
Which type of rock is made from a rock being changed by heat and pressure?
a)
Smooshed Rock
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
sedimentary
87.
a rock that formed from layers of sediments
a)
metamorphic
b)
igneous
c)
sedimentary
d)
magma
88.

Fossils are found in ____________ rocks.

a)

metamorphic

b)

magma

c)

igneous

d)

sedimentary

89.
___________________ rock means FIRE and is formed from melted rock either from magma below Earth's crust or from lava above it
a)
sedmetary
b)
igneous
c)
metamorphic
d)
magma
90.

Which type of rock forms from heat and extreme pressure?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Organic

d)

Metamorphic

91.
Sedimentary and igneous rocks go through _____________________________ to become metamorphic rocks.
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
heat and pressure
c)
compacting and cementing
d)
melting and cooling
92.
The process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.
a)
compaction
b)
deposition
c)
organic rock
d)
cementation
93.
Extreme Heat and Pressure creates a _________ rock.
a)
Igneous
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Sedimentary
d)
Mineral

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