Font size
WorksheetsThe Core Chapter 6 Test Review
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 38mins
What is the monomer of the DNA molecule?
Polynucleotide
Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Peptide
What do the letters D-N-A stand for?
Dioxyribonucleic acid
Dioxyribonuclear acid
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Deoxyrobonuclear acid
What is the type of bond between two strands of DNA?
A peptide bond
A hydrogen bond
A ionic bond
A covalent bond
What is different from one DNA nucleotide to the next?
The sugar molecule
The phosphate group
The base
The protein
What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate and a base
A sugar, a base, and a polypeptide
A sugar, a phosphate, and a peptide
A phosphate, a base, and a polypeptide
If you know that a DNA double helix consists of 20% adenine, what percentage of the DNA double helix is guanine (G)?
20%
30%
80%
There is not information to know
Which enzyme is responsible for adding complementary DNA bases to an exposed DNA strand?
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA peptidase
What is the main function of DNA helicase in DNA replication?
Unzipping the DNA double helix
Adding complementary DNA bases to the newly forming DNA strand
Proofreading the DNA molecule
Fusing DNA fragments together
According to the base pairing rules of DNA, if the sequence of bases on one strand was AGGCCTTA, what would be the sequence of bases on the complementary strand?
AGGCCTTA
ATTGGGA
CGGATTC
TGCGAAT
DNA replication is a semi-conservative process. This means that after replication, ________.
each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands
each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
each new DNA double helix contains 25% of the old DNA double helix
each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands
Which of the following statement is not correct about DNA replication?
It happens in the nucleus
It is semi-conservative
Only genes are replicated in DNA replication
It involves DNA polymerase
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding DNA and RNA?
They each contain a slightly different sugar molecule.
DNA is double stranded, and RNA is a single strand.
One of the bases is different.
All of the above are correct.
If DNA directs the production of RNA, what does RNA make?
RNA makes proteins.
RNA makes more DNA.
RNA makes membranes.
RNA makes more RNA.
How is DNA linked to the production of proteins?
Proteins hold the instructions on how to make DNA.
DNA is the end point of protein production that allows cells to finish making proteins.
DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins.
DNA is not linked to the production of proteins.
The base that is not found in DNA, but only in RNA is (a) .
thymine
uracil
guanine
adenine
Why does transcription occur in the nucleus and not in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes?
RNA cannot exist in the cytoplasm.
DNA cannot leave the nucleus.
Ribosomes cannot leave the nucleus.
Codons are only found in the nucleus.
A codon is ________.
three nucleotides of DNA that code for an amino acid
three nucleotides of RNA that code for an amino acid
the section of DNA that codes for a protein
the section of RNA that codes for a protein
Ribosomes ________.
translate mRNA into proteins
transcribe DNA into mRNA
are located inside the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
are involved in making ATP for eukaryotic cells
What part of a chromosome goes through transcription and translation?
Only genes go through transcription and translation.
Only introns go through transcription and translation.
Both introns and exons go through transcription and translation.
All of the chromosome goes through transcription and translation.
What is a gene?
A discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides
A section of DNA that codes for one or more proteins
A section of DNA that codes for a portion of a protein
All of these and more are part of the expanding definition of a gene.
Which of the following is not a modification to the mRNA before leaving the nucleus?
Intron removal
Promoter binding
End capping
Exon splicing
What is a terminator?
A promoter is a region of mRNA that is sliced out.
A promoter is a region of DNA that marks the beginning of a gene.
A promoter is a region of DNA that marks the end of a gene.
A promoter is a region of mRNA where RNA polymerase binds.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding promoters?
Promoters are regions of DNA that indicates the start of a gene
Promoters are regions of DNA where RNA polymerase can bind to start transcription
Promoters act as a "start here" signal to help control gene expression
All of the above are correct
If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA?
CGGUAAUG
CGGTAATG
CGGTUUTG
GCCAUUAC
What does "transfer RNA" actually transfer?
Ribosome
Codons
Amino acids
Anticodons
If the codon is AAA, what is the complementary anticodon?
UUU
TTT
AAA
CCC
Which process results in the creation of mRNA?
Replication
Transcription
Translation
All of the above
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
In the nucleus only
Both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm
In the cytoplasm only
In neither the nucleus nor the cytoplasm
How is translation initiated?
DNA helicase binds to the origins of replication.
Two ribosomal subunits bind to the mRNA transcript.
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter sequence.
Two ribosomal subunits bind to the DNA sequence.
How many nucleotides are required to code for 10 amino acids?
3
10
20
30
The genetic code is (a) .
our DNA, in other words what makes us who we are
our genome
the complementary base-pairing of A going with T and C going with G
what allows codons to be translated into amino acids
What is the correct sequence of events during translation?
Elongation, initiation, termination
Initiation, elongation, termination
Termination, elongation, initiation
Initiation, elongation, initiation
Do all cells of the body express the same genes?
Yes, since they all contain the same DNA
Yes, since they all make the same proteins
No, since they don't contain the same DNA
No, since they don't all need to make the same proteins
Can one gene make different proteins?
Yes, by splicing the resulting mRNA differently (i.e., removing different exons)
Yes, by modifying the original DNA
No, because one gene codes only for a single protein
No, because genes do not make proteins
What does it mean when we say a gene is "turned off"?
The gene is no longer working properly.
The gene cannot be transcribed and translated into a protein.
The gene has a mutation.
The gene is now activated.
What is gene regulation?
Mechanisms that turn on and off specific genes to change which proteins are made
Mechanisms that regulate the replication of DNA
Mechanisms that regulate which genes get copied
Mechanisms that turn on and off mitosis in the cell cycle
In what way(s) can mRNAs be processed?
By adding caps and tails to the ends of the mRNAs
By removing the introns (the noncoding regions) of the mRNAs
By splicing the exons (the coding regions) of the mRNAs in different ways
All of the above are ways in which mRNAs can be processed
Barr bodies are associated with ________.
signal transduction
X chromosome inactivation
frameshift mutations
proto-oncogenes
The signal transduction pathway allows ________.
one cell to regulate the gene expression of another cell
a cell to repair damage to its DNA
genes from one organism to be inserted into the nucleus of another organism's cells
whole genomes to be sequenced
When is cell-to-cell communication particularly important in regulating gene expression?
During mitosis
During meiosis
During embryonic development
During replication
Which genes are responsible for your overall structure, such as how many legs you have and where they develop?
Oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes
Growth factor genes
Homeotic genes
What are carcinogens?
Physical or chemical factors that can lead to mutations causing cancer
The only source of mutations in cells
Errors during DNA replication
Chemical factors that can treat cancer
The type of mutation that alters the nucleotide sequence of a gene but does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein produced from that gene is called (a) mutation.
missense
silent
nonsense
frameshift
What type of mutation leads to a frameshift in the reading of DNA?
All point mutations
Insertions only
Deletions only
Both insertions and deletions
How does a cell typically know when to divide?
Cells have an internal clock and divide only when they reach a certain age.
Tumor suppressor genes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
Proto-oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
Oncogenes code for growth factor proteins that initiate cell division.
Cancer is (a) .
uncontrolled cell growth
any tumor in the body
cells with proto-oncogene activated
what happens when cells get old
What are oncogenes?
Oncogenes are necessary genes that help regulate the cell cycle.
Oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes.
Oncogenes are mutated tumor-suppressor genes.
Oncogenes are necessary genes that inhibit the cell cycle.
Which of the following mutations can help lead to cancer?
Mutations to proto-oncogenes
Mutations to tumor suppressor genes
Mutations to growth factors
All of the above would lead to cancer
The spread of cancer cells from their site of origin to sites distant in the body is called _________.
metastasis
mitosis
growth
tumor
What is a "benign" tumor?
A mass of cancerous cells
A single mutated cell that could potentially develop into cancer
A mass of cells that grows out of control and spreads to other tissues
A mass of cells that grows out of control but remains at the site of origin
What is the main cause of cancer?
DNA replication no longer working properly
Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
Old age, during which the cells of the body no longer work properly
We do not currently know the main cause of cancer.
Are there ways to prevent cancer?
No, cancer cannot be prevented; it can only be treated.
No, cancer cannot be prevented or treated.
Yes, there are many ways cancer can be prevented, including through a healthy diet and exercise.
Yes, cancer can be prevented, but only with intense exercise.
Which of the following is a type of treatment for cancer?
Chemotherapy
Removing the tumor through surgery
Removing the tumor through radiation therapy
All of the above are ways that cancer can be treated
Why can a person who is unable to produce insulin be successfully treated with insulin derived from genetically modified bacteria?
Typical bacterial insulin is exactly the same as human insulin.
The gene that produces insulin in humans was inserted into the bacteria where it continues to produce human insulin.
The insulin-producing gene of bacteria was altered to have the same base sequence as the human counterpart and now produces the human version of insulin.
Bacterial insulin is similar enough to human insulin to serve the same purpose.
The small circular molecules of DNA commonly found in bacteria are called ________.
chromatids
plastids
loops
plasmids
How would the cDNA created in a lab compare to the original DNA?
It would contain only the genes that were producing proteins in the cell at the time the cDNA was created.
It would be identical to the original DNA.
It would be a single strand instead of the original double-stranded DNA.
It would be circular, similar to bacterial DNA.
What is recombinant DNA?
A segment of DNA containing sequences from two different sources
DNA that comes from plasmids
DNA that can no longer replicate
DNA that is circular
A collection of cloned DNA fragments representing an organism's entire genome is called a ________.
transgenic assembly
genomic library
clonal anthology
complementary DNA collection
What is the name of the enzyme that builds cDNA out of mRNA?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
DNA helicase
Genetically modified organisms that acquire genes from a different species are called ________ organisms.
mutant
synthetic
cloned
transgenic
Three of the following statements are correct. Identify the statement that is not correct regarding genetically modified organisms.
There are no risks associated with GM crops.
GM crops have been produced with increased nutrition.
GM crops have been produced that are disease resistant.
GM animals are not in our food supply.
What separates the strands of DNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique?
Restriction enzymes
Helicase
Centrifuge
Heat
The PCR technique doubles the amount of DNA in a sample in each cycle. If you started the PCR technique with two fragments of double-stranded DNA, calculate how many double-stranded DNA fragments you would have after four cycles.
8
16
32
64
Can the PCR technique be used to copy an entire chromosome all at once?
No, only the genes would be copied.
No, the PCR machine can only copy fragments of DNA.
Yes, that is its primary function.
There is not enough information provided to answer
What is the role of primers in the PCR techniques?
To separate strands of double-stranded DNA
To add free nucleotides to the newly formed DNA molecule
To allow single strands of DNA to bind together
To target specific areas of DNA
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their (a) .
length
charge
polarity
base sequences
DNA profiling relies on an individual's (a) , no two of which are the same between different people, except identical twins.
unique set of genes
unique mRNA sequences
unique set of short tandem repeats within DNA
unique fingerprints
Is most of our DNA made up of genes?
Yes, the vast majority of human DNA consists of genes.
No, genes make up only 1.5% of our DNA.
No, genes make about 25% of our DNA
No, genes make about 50% of our DNA
How does a scientist get the corrected version of a gene into the cells of a gene therapy patient?
It is delivered with a modified virus.
It is directly injected with a microscopic hypodermic needle.
It is attached to a food molecule, such as glucose and is then ingested by the individual.
It is attached to the surface of microscopic beads and is then shot into the individual (i.e., shotgun method).
What is the correct pathway of information to go from a gene to a protein in a eukaryotic cell?
Information located on DNA, and specifically on a gene site, is transcribed into an mRNA by RNA polymerase inside the nucleus. The mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation involves the matching of tRNAs with codons of mRNAs to deliver the right amino acid.
Information located on DNA is directly translated into protein by ribosomes inside the nucleus, without the involvement of mRNA.
Information located on mRNA is transcribed into DNA by RNA polymerase in the cytoplasm, and then translated into protein in the nucleus.
Information located on DNA is first translated into protein in the nucleus, and then the protein is transported to the cytoplasm for further modification.
Signal transduction involves the transmission of signals from the cell membrane to the inside of the cell, and is linked to protein synthesis by activating specific genes. Which of the following best describes this process?
Signal transduction transmits signals from the cell membrane to the inside of the cell and activates specific genes for protein synthesis.
Signal transduction only occurs inside the nucleus and does not involve the cell membrane.
Signal transduction is unrelated to protein synthesis and only affects cell shape.
Signal transduction stops at the cell membrane and does not affect gene expression.
Entire genes may be deleted, inverted, replicated, or even translocated to another chromosome. Which of the following best explains how these changes could potentially result in cancer?
They can disrupt normal cell regulation, leading to uncontrolled cell growth.
They always improve the function of the affected gene.
They prevent any changes in cell behavior.
They only affect non-coding regions and have no impact.
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells by targeting rapidly dividing cells, which can also result in hair loss and nausea because:
It affects all rapidly dividing cells, including those in hair follicles and the digestive tract.
It only targets cancer cells and leaves healthy cells unharmed.
It boosts the immune system to attack cancer cells, causing side effects.
It slows down the metabolism, leading to hair loss and nausea.
A restriction enzyme might defeat a virus by:
cutting the viral DNA at specific sites
binding to the viral RNA and blocking translation
destroying the viral protein coat
preventing the virus from attaching to the host cell
Chestnut trees could be genetically modified to be resistant to the fungus and to grow again by:
Introducing genes that confer resistance to the fungus
Increasing the amount of water and sunlight they receive
Applying chemical fertilizers to the soil
Pruning the trees more frequently
The basic mechanism of CRISPR in DNA manipulation involves:
using a guide RNA to direct a Cas9 enzyme to a specific DNA sequence for cutting
randomly cutting DNA at various locations
using proteins to add new genes without cutting DNA
replacing entire chromosomes with synthetic ones
