Which of the following is a local effect of rectal dosage forms?

Fill in the blank: Systemic effects of rectal dosage forms include ________ and analgesics (suppositories, foams, enemas).

Step: Drug release - What happens during this step in rectal absorption?

Which of the following is an advantage of the rectal route?

Fill in the blank: A disadvantage of the rectal route is ________ for long term use.

Which of the following is NOT an ideal characteristic of suppositories?

Which type of suppository base spreads easily and has a faster release than hydrophilic bases?

Fill in the blank: Drug solubility in rectal fluid determines ________ concentration, which is the absorption driving force.

Smaller particle size leads to faster dissolution and less irritation.

Which drug and base combination has a RAPID rate of absorption?

Fill in the blank: Enemas come as a solution, emulsion, foams, or ________.

Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of vaginal dosage forms?

Vaginal dosage forms can be used for which of the following local effects?

Systemic effects of vaginal dosage forms include delivery of which hormones?

Fill in the blank: Vaginal dosage forms are commonly used for ______ uses.

One advantage of vaginal dosage forms is localized drug delivery, and one disadvantage is possible irritation.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of vaginal dosage forms?

Endocrine dosage forms are commonly used for which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT an example of an endocrine dosage form?

Which type of troche base is associated with causing allergic reaction and inflammation of the gum?

Troches must sit in the cheek until dissolved and should not be eaten or drunk at the same time.

Fill in the blank: Troches are generally marked in ______. Place the indicated amount either under tongue or in the cheek cavity.

A troche should be left in the mouth until it dissolves completely for how long?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended point for using troches?

What is one advantage of the transdermal route for delivering hormones?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the transdermal route?

Fill in the blank: Transdermal creams deliver hormones directly into ______ through the skin.

Which part of the brain coordinates movement and stores motor memory?

What is the function of the somatic system in the peripheral nervous system?

Fill in the blank: The autonomic system controls ______ muscle, glands, and organs involuntarily.

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

Which neurotransmitter is involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Which system is responsible for voluntary control and skeletal muscles?

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the Locus Coeruleus and is responsible for arousal, mood, and blood pressure regulation?

Which brain region is associated with dopamine and is involved in movement, motivation, and reward?

Which neurotransmitter is the target of SSRIs and is associated with mood regulation in the Raphe nuclei?

Which neurotransmitter is associated with learning, memory, and Alzheimer's disease in the Nucleus Basalis?

Dopamine acts on which receptors to control motor function, reward, and hormone control?

Which neurotransmitter acts on 5HT1-5HT7 receptors and is involved in mood, arousal, feeding, and sensory functions?

Which neurotransmitter is associated with wakefulness, appetite, sedation, and nausea, and acts on H1 receptors?

Which neurotransmitter acts on A1-A3 receptors and is involved in sedation and neuroprotection?

Which neurotransmitter is involved in sleep and circadian rhythm and does not have a specific receptor listed?

Which neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule, and excess causes neurotoxicity?

Which neurotransmitter acts on CB1 receptors and is involved in mood, appetite, sleep, and analgesia?

Which neurotransmitter is involved in pain control and mood?

Which neurotransmitter acts on GABA A & GABA B receptors and inhibits CNS control?

Which neurotransmitter acts on NMDA, AMPA, and kainite receptors and is involved in learning, memory, and excitation?

Which neurotransmitter acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors and is involved in muscle movement, memory, and ANS function?

Which CNS drug action mechanism activates or blocks receptors?

Which CNS drug action mechanism increases neurotransmitter at synapse?

Which CNS drug action mechanism prevents breakdown of neurotransmitters?

Which CNS drug action mechanism delays therapeutic response, such as with SSRIs?

Which of the following is NOT a type of depression listed in the worksheet?

Depression can be secondary to an underlying condition or primary with an unknown cause.

Which of the following is NOT a type of depression listed in the notes?

According to the notes, what is a risk factor for depression under the 'Genetics' category?

Fill in the blank: A stressful life event that can contribute to depression includes _________

Which hormone is decreased in neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with depression?

According to the monoamine hypothesis, depression is due to a deficiency of which neurotransmitters?

The neurotransmitter hypothesis suggests that depression is due to higher levels of neurotransmitters and how neurons respond to them.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom under the 'Emotional' category in the clinical presentation of depression?

Fill in the blank: Impaired concentration, indecisiveness, and poor memory are symptoms under the ________ category in depression.

Which symptom is classified as a psychotic symptom in depression?

According to the notes, what is required for the diagnosis of depression?

40% of patients have a recurrent attack of depression in 1 year.

Fill in the blank: One third of patients with depression achieve ________.

What is one of the physical risks associated with depression?

Which of the following is a goal of depression treatment?

General rules of treatment for depression include:

Fill in the blank: If no response in 6-12 weeks, trial other agent with different _____

The recommended approach when switching between medications for depression is:

Which drug category requires gradual withdrawal and may need hospitalisation during washout/changeover if severely depressed?

Combination therapy for depression is:

Which of the following is a non-pharmacological treatment for depression?

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is highly effective for which of the following conditions?

A consideration when using Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is:

What is Bright Light Therapy (BLT) used for?

Which therapy is underused for moderate-severe depression when medications have not worked?

Fill in the blank: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) inhibit reuptake of ____ & 5HT + other receptors.

Which of the following is NOT a counselling point for Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)?

Which drug class selectively inhibits 5HT reuptake?

Selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (Reboxetine) is less commonly used and has a risk of hyperkalaemia.

What is a major counselling point for Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)?

Which antidepressant is associated with blocking alpha2 adrenoreceptors and enhancing NA/5HT release?

Fill in the blank: Agomelatine is a melatonin receptor agonist and a ____ antagonist.

Which antidepressant can cause insomnia, anxiety, seizures, and has weak efficacy for depression?

Antipsychotics are used in treatment resistant depression as adjunct therapy.

What is the peak period for 'baby blue' depression during the postpartum period?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for postnatal depression?

Postnatal depression usually occurs after the ____ month postpartum.

Which medication is considered safe in breastfeeding for treating postnatal depression?

In depression during pregnancy, treatment outweighs the risk of not treating.