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Chapter 3. Biological Macromolecules 31 - 53

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What do the hydrophilic head groups of the phospholipids face in the plasma membrane?

a)

The middle of the bilayer

b)

The aqueous solution

c)

The cytoskeleton

d)

The nucleus

2.

Fill in the blank: The hydrophobic tails of phospholipids are sequestered in the _______ of the bilayer.

a)

middle

b)

outer surface

c)

cytoplasm

d)

extracellular matrix

3.

Phospholipids contribute to the dynamic nature of the plasma membrane.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

Which of the following correctly labels the parts of the phospholipid bilayer: hydrophilic head group, hydrophobic tail, phospholipid bilayer?

a)

Hydrophilic head group is the outer part, hydrophobic tail is the inner part, and the structure is called the phospholipid bilayer.

b)

Hydrophobic tail is the outer part, hydrophilic head group is the inner part, and the structure is called the phospholipid bilayer.

c)

Hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic tail are both on the outer part of the bilayer.

d)

Phospholipid bilayer is made only of hydrophilic head groups.

5.

What type of molecule is a phospholipid?

a)

Amphipathic molecule

b)

Hydrophobic molecule

c)

Hydrophilic molecule

d)

Nonpolar molecule

6.

Which of the following is the most abundant organic molecule?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Proteins

c)

Lipids

d)

Nucleic acids

7.

Proteins have a diverse range of functions. Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

a)

Transporting

b)

Signaling

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Defending

8.

Fill in the blank: Proteins help in ________ functions, signaling functions, receiving, catalyzing, defending, and movement.

a)

transporting

b)

digesting

c)

storing

d)

absorbing

9.

Match the type of protein with its example:

a)

Digestive enzymes

1.

Hemoglobin

b)

Transport

2.

Actin, tubulin, keratin

c)

Structural

3.

Amylase, lipase, pepsin, trypsin

d)

Hormones

4.

Insulin, thyroxine

10.

Which type of protein helps in digestion of food by catabolizing nutrients into monomeric units?

a)

Structural

b)

Digestive enzymes

c)

Hormones

d)

Storage

11.

What is the function of transport proteins such as hemoglobin?

a)

Carry substances in the blood or lymph throughout the body

b)

Produce hormones for the endocrine system

c)

Break down nutrients during digestion

d)

Transmit nerve impulses between neurons

12.

Which of the following is an example of a structural protein?

a)

Insulin

b)

Actin

c)

Immunoglobulins

d)

Albumin

13.

Fill in the blank: Immunoglobulins are proteins that ________ the body from foreign pathogens.

a)

protect

b)

harm

c)

ignore

d)

weaken

14.

Which type of protein coordinates the activity of different body systems?

a)

Hormones

b)

Enzymes

c)

Antibodies

d)

Structural proteins

15.

What is the function of contractile proteins such as actin and myosin?

a)

Effect muscle contraction

b)

Aid in digestion of food

c)

Transmit nerve impulses

d)

Store genetic information

16.

Storage proteins provide nourishment in early development of the ________ and the seedling.

a)

embryo

b)

root

c)

leaf

d)

flower

17.

What are the monomers that make up proteins?

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Amino acids

c)

Fatty acids

d)

Monosaccharides

18.

How many common amino acids are commonly found in proteins?

a)

10

b)

15

c)

20

d)

25

19.

Each amino acid has a different ______ group (variant group).

a)

R

b)

Amino

c)

Carboxyl

d)

Hydroxyl

20.

What determines the chemical nature of each amino acid?

a)

The amino group

b)

The carboxyl group

c)

The R-group

d)

The hydrogen atom

21.

What is the central atom in the fundamental structure of an amino acid called?

a)

Alpha carbon

b)

Beta carbon

c)

Gamma carbon

d)

Delta carbon

22.

Label the groups attached to the central carbon in the amino acid structure shown in the diagram.

a)

Amino group, Carboxyl group, Hydrogen atom, R group (side chain)

b)

Amino group, Phosphate group, Hydrogen atom, R group (side chain)

c)

Carboxyl group, Methyl group, Hydrogen atom, R group (side chain)

d)

Amino group, Carboxyl group, Oxygen atom, R group (side chain)

23.

What is the single letter or three-letter abbreviation for Valine?

a)

V or Val

b)

D or Asp

c)

L or Leu

d)

I or Ile

24.

What is the single letter or three-letter abbreviation for Aspartic Acid?

a)

V or Val

b)

D or Asp

c)

L or Leu

d)

I or Ile

25.

Which of the following is an essential amino acid that must be supplied in the diet for humans?

a)

Glycine

b)

Isoleucine

c)

Glutamate

d)

Proline

26.

Which of the following is NOT listed as an essential amino acid in the image?

a)

A) Isoleucine

b)

B) Leucine

c)

C) Cysteine

d)

D) Glycine

27.

Fill in the blank: The sequence and number of amino acids determine protein ______, size, and function.

a)

shape

b)

color

c)

temperature

d)

density

28.

Match the following amino acids to their correct abbreviations:

a)

V or Val

1.

A

b)

D or Asp

2.

B

c)

L or Leu

3.

C

29.

According to the diagram, which amino acid has a sulfur atom in its side chain?

a)

Methionine

b)

Serine

c)

Glutamine

d)

Alanine

30.

There are 20 common amino acids commonly found in proteins, each with a different R group that determines its chemical nature.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

Amino acid monomers are linked via which type of bond formation?

a)

Hydrogen bond

b)

Peptide bond

c)

Ionic bond

d)

Disulfide bond

32.

Fill in the blank: The carboxyl group of one amino acid is linked to the ______ group of the incoming amino acid during peptide bond formation.

a)

amino

b)

hydroxyl

c)

methyl

d)

phosphate

33.

A molecule of water is released as part of the peptide bond formation reaction.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Peptide bond formation is also known as a (a)   synthesis reaction.

Choose from the below words

Hydrolysis

Dehydration

Oxidation

Reduction

35.

Fill in the blank: A polypeptide is a chain of ________ joined together in peptide linkages.

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

monosaccharides

36.

Fill in the blank: A protein is a ________ or multiple ________.

a)

polypeptide, polypeptides

b)

monosaccharide, monosaccharides

c)

lipid, lipids

d)

nucleotide, nucleotides

37.

Which of the following is often combined with non-peptide prosthetic groups?

a)

Polypeptide

b)

Protein

c)

Carbohydrate

d)

Lipid

38.

Proteins have a unique structure and function.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

Fill in the blank: Many proteins are modified following ________ (process of creating a new protein).

a)

translation

b)

replication

c)

transcription

d)

degradation

40.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of a chain of amino acids

b)

The folding of the protein into alpha helices and pleated sheets

c)

The overall three-dimensional shape of the protein

d)

A protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

41.

What occurs during the secondary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of a chain of amino acids

b)

The sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds

c)

The protein consists of more than one amino acid chain

d)

The protein is broken down into amino acids

42.

Tertiary protein structure occurs when certain attractions are present between which of the following?

a)

A) Amino acids and water

b)

B) Alpha helices and pleated sheets

c)

C) DNA and RNA

d)

D) Sugars and phosphates

43.

Quaternary protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one _________?

a)

amino acid chain

b)

peptide bond

c)

nucleotide

d)

sugar molecule

44.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

a)

The folding of the polypeptide chain

b)

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

c)

The interaction between multiple polypeptide chains

d)

The 3D shape of the protein

45.

The sequence of amino acids in the A and B chain polypeptides of bovine serum insulin is ______ to this protein.

a)

unique

b)

similar

c)

identical

d)

variable

46.

Protein function could be compromised if alterations in the order of amino acids were to be made.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

How many amino acids are present in the A chain and B chain, respectively?

a)

A chain: 21 amino acids, B chain: 30 amino acids

b)

A chain: 30 amino acids, B chain: 21 amino acids

c)

A chain: 20 amino acids, B chain: 31 amino acids

d)

A chain: 22 amino acids, B chain: 29 amino acids

48.

According to the information provided, what is the amino acid at position seven in normal hemoglobin?

a)

Valine

b)

Glutamic acid

c)

Leucine

d)

Threonine

49.

In sickle cell hemoglobin, which amino acid replaces glutamic acid?

a)

Valine

b)

Histidine

c)

Proline

d)

Glutamine

50.

Sickle cells are ______ shaped, while normal cells are disc-shaped.

a)

crescent

b)

square

c)

oval

d)

triangle

51.

Proteins in normal hemoglobin do not associate with one another; each carries oxygen.

a)

True

b)

False

52.

What is the effect of the amino acid substitution in sickle cell hemoglobin on the function of the protein?

a)

Proteins aggregate into a fiber; capacity to carry oxygen is reduced.

b)

The protein becomes more soluble in water.

c)

The protein gains the ability to break down glucose.

d)

The protein is able to bind to carbon dioxide more efficiently.

53.

What is the main difference in shape between sickle cells and normal cells as seen under the microscope?

a)

Sickle cells are crescent shaped, while normal cells are disc-shaped.

b)

Sickle cells are star shaped, while normal cells are oval-shaped.

c)

Sickle cells are square shaped, while normal cells are round-shaped.

d)

Sickle cells are triangular shaped, while normal cells are rectangular-shaped.

54.

What is secondary structure in proteins? Secondary structure is the local folding of the ________.

a)

polypeptide

b)

nucleotide

c)

lipid chain

d)

sugar backbone

55.

How is an α-helix formed in a protein's secondary structure?

a)

By hydrogen bond between oxygen in carbonyl group and an amino acid 4 positions down the chain

b)

By disulfide bonds between cysteine residues

c)

By ionic bonds between side chains

d)

By peptide bonds between amino acids

56.

What type of bonding is responsible for the formation of a β-pleated sheet in the secondary structure of proteins?

a)

Hydrogen bonding between atoms on the backbone of the polypeptide chain

b)

Ionic bonding between side chains

c)

Disulfide bridges between cysteine residues

d)

Peptide bonds between amino acids

57.

Which structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen and the amino hydrogen in the peptide backbone?

a)

α Helix

b)

β Pleated Sheet

c)

Both A and B

d)

Neither A nor B

58.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

a)

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

b)

The unique three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide

c)

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains

d)

The linear structure of a protein

59.

Tertiary structure is due to chemical interactions between ______ on amino acids.

a)

R-groups

b)

peptide bonds

c)

phosphate groups

d)

hydrogen atoms

60.

Which of the following is an example of a chemical interaction in tertiary protein structure?

a)

R-groups with like charges are attracted to one another

b)

R-groups with like charges are repelled from one another

c)

R-groups that are hydrophilic will cluster in the interior of protein

d)

Cysteine side chains form hydrogen bonds

61.

In the tertiary structure of proteins, cysteine side chains form ______ bridges.

a)

disulfide

b)

hydrogen

c)

peptide

d)

ionic

62.

Which type of bond is shown forming between two cysteine side chains in the tertiary structure of a protein?

a)

Ionic bond

b)

Hydrogen bond

c)

Disulfide linkage

d)

Hydrophobic interaction

63.

What is quaternary structure in proteins?

a)

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

b)

The folding of a single polypeptide chain into a helix or sheet

c)

The interactions between several polypeptides that make up a protein

d)

The formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

64.

Fill in the blank: Weak interactions between ______ help stabilize the quaternary structure of proteins.

a)

subunits

b)

amino acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

peptide bonds

65.
Question Image

Match the following levels of protein structure with their descriptions:

a)

Interactions between several polypeptides

1.

B

b)

Sequence of amino acids

2.

C

c)

Folding of a single polypeptide chain

3.

D

d)

3D shape of a single polypeptide

4.

A

66.

Which molecule is formed by the quaternary structure of β-globin and α-globin polypeptides?

a)

Myoglobin

b)

Hemoglobin

c)

Insulin

d)

Collagen

67.

What can cause protein structure and shape to change?

a)

Chemical interactions are formed

b)

Chemical interactions are broken

c)

No change in interactions

d)

None of the above

68.

Protein structure/shape can change with altering primary structure due to:

a)

Changes in pH

b)

Changes in temperature

c)

Both A and B

d)

None of the above

69.

Fill in the blank: Denaturation is the change in protein structure that leads to changes in ________.

a)

function

b)

color

c)

mass

d)

temperature

70.

What happens to the albumin in the egg during this process?

a)

The albumin in the egg goes from liquid to solid.

b)

The albumin in the egg evaporates completely.

c)

The albumin in the egg turns into gas.

d)

The albumin in the egg changes color to blue.

71.

What do nucleic acids constitute in living organisms?

a)

The cell wall

b)

The genetic material

c)

The cytoplasm

d)

The cell membrane

72.

Name the two main types of nucleic acids.

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

b)

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)

c)

Polysaccharides and monosaccharides

d)

Fatty acids and glycerol

73.

Which of the following is NOT a type of nucleic acid?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

b)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

c)

Amino acid

d)

Both A and B

74.

Where can nucleic acids be found in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

b)

Cell membrane only

c)

Golgi apparatus and lysosomes

d)

Cytoplasm only

75.

Nucleic acids in prokaryotic cells are membrane enclosed.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Fill in the blank: Nucleic acids are found in the _______ of eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and in prokaryotic cells (not membrane enclosed).

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

cell wall

d)

ribosome

77.

What does DNA code for in the cell?

a)

The cell membrane

b)

The genome of the cell - entire genetic content

c)

The cytoplasm

d)

The mitochondria

78.

Fill in the blank: Chromatin is a complex of DNA and ______ proteins.

a)

histone

b)

keratin

c)

collagen

d)

elastin

79.

Fill in the blank: Chromosomes are threadlike structures containing tightly wound and packed ______.

a)

chromatin

b)

ribosomes

c)

mitochondria

d)

cytoplasm

80.

DNA codes for thousands of genes.

a)

True

b)

False

81.

What do genes contain instructions for?

a)

Producing proteins or various forms of RNA

b)

Making lipids

c)

Digesting food

d)

Producing energy

82.

Fill in the blank: DNA controls all cellular activities by turning ______ on or off.

a)

genes

b)

enzymes

c)

hormones

d)

organelles

83.

Fill in the blank: RNA is primarily involved in ________ synthesis.

a)

protein

b)

lipid

c)

carbohydrate

d)

DNA

84.

Which type of RNA acts as an intermediary nucleic acid that leaves the nucleus and contains the blueprint for protein synthesis (transcription)?

a)

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

b)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

c)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

85.

Which type of RNA serves as a bridge between nucleotides and amino acids (translation)?

a)

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

b)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

c)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

86.

Which type of RNA assists in protein synthesis?

a)

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

b)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

c)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

87.

Which of the following are the three parts of a nucleotide?

a)

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups

b)

Amino acid, pentose sugar, phosphate group

c)

Nitrogenous base, ribose, lipid

d)

Deoxyribose, uracil, phosphate group

88.

Which of the following is a pyrimidine nitrogenous base?

a)

A) Adenine

b)

B) Guanine

c)

C) Cytosine

d)

D) Deoxyribose

89.

Which of the following is a purine nitrogenous base?

a)

Thymine

b)

Uracil

c)

Adenine

d)

Cytosine

90.

Fill in the blank: Deoxyribose is found in _____

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

Protein

d)

Lipid

91.

Fill in the blank: Ribose is found in _____

a)

RNA

b)

DNA

c)

Protein

d)

Lipid

92.

Which sugar is found in RNA?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

93.

Which sugar is found in DNA?

a)

Ribose

b)

Deoxyribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

94.

Thymine is a purine nitrogenous base.

a)

True

b)

False

95.

Which component is attached to the 5' position of the pentose sugar?

a)

Nitrogenous base

b)

Phosphate group

c)

Ribose

d)

Uracil

96.

According to the information on Base Pairing In DNA, where do the sugar and phosphate lie in the DNA helix?

a)

On the outside of the helix

b)

In the interior

c)

At the ends of the helix

d)

In the nucleus

97.

According to the information on Base Pairing In DNA, nitrogenous bases are stacked in the ______ of the DNA helix.

a)

interior

b)

exterior

c)

phosphate backbone

d)

major groove

98.

According to the information on Base Pairing In DNA, the strands of the helix run in opposite directions. What is this orientation called?

a)

Parallel

b)

Antiparallel

c)

Perpendicular

d)

Rotational

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