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Exam 2 Review BIOL1308

Total questions: 121

Worksheet time: 2hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in a cell?

a)

To provide structural support

b)

To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

c)

To store genetic information

d)

To produce energy for the cell

2.

Which model describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of components?

a)

Lock and Key Model

b)

Fluid Mosaic Model

c)

Double Helix Model

d)

Induced Fit Model

3.

Which process involves the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active Transport

d)

Endocytosis

4.

Which type of cell is generally larger and more complex?

a)

Prokaryotic cells

b)

Eukaryotic cells

c)

Bacterial cells

d)

Viral cells

5.

Explain what happens to an animal cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution versus a hypotonic solution.

a)

It swells in both solutions

b)

It shrinks in a hypertonic solution and swells in a hypotonic solution

c)

It remains unchanged in both solutions

d)

It shrinks in both solutions

6.

What is the primary difference between kinetic and potential energy?

a)

Kinetic energy is stored energy, while potential energy is energy in motion.

b)

Kinetic energy is energy in motion, while potential energy is stored energy.

c)

Both kinetic and potential energy are forms of stored energy.

d)

Both kinetic and potential energy are forms of energy in motion.

7.

State the First Law of Thermodynamics. How does this law apply to a living organism?

a)

Energy can be created; living organisms create energy

b)

Energy can be destroyed; living organisms destroy energy

c)

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; living organisms transform energy

d)

Energy is unlimited; living organisms have unlimited energy

8.

State the Second Law of Thermodynamics. What term is used to measure the disorder or randomness that is always increasing in the universe?

a)

Entropy

b)

Enthalpy

c)

Energy

d)

Equilibrium

9.

Kinetic energy is best defined as which of the following, and what is a biological example?

a)

Energy of motion; a moving muscle

b)

Energy of position; a rock on a hill

c)

Energy of chemical bonds; glucose molecule

d)

Energy of heat; a warm object

10.

What is the key six-carbon input molecule for glycolysis, and what three-carbon molecule is it broken down into?

a)

Glucose; Pyruvate

b)

Fructose; Lactate

c)

Sucrose; Acetyl-CoA

d)

Galactose; Ethanol

11.

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

a)

Phospholipid bilayer

b)

Cell wall

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosomes

12.

What term describes the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without energy input?

a)

Active transport

b)

Facilitated diffusion

c)

Simple diffusion

d)

Osmosis

13.

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration?

a)

Golgi apparatus

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Endoplasmic reticulum

d)

Chloroplast

14.

Which process requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Simple diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

15.

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

a)

Producing ATP

b)

Storing genetic material

c)

Synthesizing proteins

d)

Regulating cell division

16.
This is the equation for...
a)
photosynthesis
b)
cellular respiration
17.

Identify the cellular organelle that the process of cellular respiration occurs in:

a)

mitochondria

b)

chloroplast

c)

nucleus

d)

golgi

18.

The reactants of cellular respiration are:

a)
adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide
b)
glucose and oxygen
c)
carbon dioxide and water
d)
glucose and carbon dioxide
19.

The diagram below represents a structure involved in cellular respiration. The release of which substance is represented by the arrows?

a)

glucose

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen

d)

DNA

20.
What are the products of cellular respiration? 
a)
energy 
b)
carbon dioxide 
c)
water vapor 
d)
all of the other three 
21.
Cellular respiration takes place in the
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosomes
d)
mitochondria
22.
The mitochondria is where _________________ takes place.
a)
Photosynthesis 
b)
Cellular Respiration 
23.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

24.
Glucose is broken down during which process
a)
Krebs cycle
b)
Calvin cycle
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Photosynthesis
25.

Billy went on a 2 mile run. Was he using aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

a)

Aerobic

b)

Anaerobic

26.

Plants do not go through cellular respiration

a)

True

b)

False

27.

Which of the reactants of cellular respiration is chemical energy?

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6H2O+6CO2+ATPC_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2\longrightarrow6H_2O+6CO_2+ATP

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

Aerobic respiration

d)

H2O

28.

What output of cellular respiration is energy?

a)

Sunlight

b)

ATP

c)

Glucose

d)

Water

29.

What do organisms use ATP for?

a)

To make glucose

b)

To live and function

c)

For photosynthesis

30.

The chloroplast is where cellular respiration happens

a)

False

b)

True

31.

What organisms go through cellular respiration?

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Humans

d)

Plants, animals and humans

32.

A process that does NOT require oxygen

a)

anaerobic

b)

aerobic

c)

sleep

d)

relaxing

33.

A process that requires oxygen

a)

anaerobic

b)

cardio

c)

aerobic

d)

O2

34.

Cellular respiration happens in the ________________.

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Stomata

35.

What are the products of cellular respiration? C6H12O6+6O2⟶6H2O+6CO2+ATPC_6H_{12}O_6+6O_2\longrightarrow6H_2O+6CO_2+ATP

a)

carbon dioxide, water and ATP

b)

ATP and Glucose

c)

Oxygen and Glucose

d)

Sunlight, Glucose and Water

36.

What is ATP

a)

Usable energy

b)

Food

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

only plants use it

37.

What is cellular respiration

a)

How plants make food using the sun

b)

How organisms use CO2 and O2 to make energy

c)

Carbon dioxide and water

38.
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most NADH and FADH2?
a)
Glycolysis
b)
Pre-krebs
c)
Krebs cycle
d)
Electron Transport Chain
39.
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP molecules for cells?
a)
Glycolysis 
b)
Pre-Krebs
c)
Krebs cycle
d)
Electron transport chain
40.

In the Electron Transport Chain, H+ ions must pass through this enzyme so it can make ATP.

a)

Rubisco

b)

Lactase

c)

NADase

d)

ATP synthase

41.
Where does glycolysis take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid
d)
Mitochondria
42.
The Krebs cycle produces.. 
a)
34 ATPs 
b)
2 ATPs
c)
17 ATPs
d)
38 ATPs 
43.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
34
44.

Match the following

a)

CO2

1.

Carbon Dioxide

b)

02

2.

Oxygen

c)

C6H12O6

3.

Glucose

d)

Products

4.

After

e)

Reactant

5.

Before

45.

C6H12O6 + 6O2    --->   6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP


a)

Cellular Respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

46.

The process that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle is

a)

pyruvate oxidation

b)

pyruvate reduction

c)

oxidative phosphorylation

d)

the electron transport chain

47.

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the

a)

cytosol outside the mitochondrion

b)

the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion

c)

in the mitochondrial matrix

d)

the outer membrane of the mitochondrion

48.

What product of pyruvate oxidation continues into the citric acid cycle?

a)

the pyruvate molecule

b)

CO2

c)

Coenzyme A

d)

Acetyl CoA

49.
Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schliden were all responsible for what theory?
a)
The Theory of Gravity
b)
The Theory of Relativity
c)
The Cell Theory
d)
The Theory of Continental Drift
50.
What tool do you use to view the cells?
a)
metric ruler
b)
centrifuge
c)
microscope
d)
telescope
51.
Which of the following is NOT a cell theory.
a)
All non-living things are made of cells
b)
All cells come from pre-existing cells
c)
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
52.
All living things are made up of...
a)
cells
b)
cell tissues
c)
organ
d)
organ systems
53.
All cells come from___________ cells.
a)
pregnant
b)
pre-existing
c)
paternal
d)
pin size
54.
Rocks are not living because
a)
they never move
b)
they aren't needed for humans
c)
they are not made of cells
d)
they don't break down
55.
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things? 
a)
atom
b)
cell
c)
molecule
d)
human
56.
All cells are produced ____________.
a)
From pre-existing and deceased cells
b)
from other pre-existing cells
c)
Cells can come from anywhere, as long as there is the sun.
57.
What is one way in which all living things on Earth are alike?
a)
All living things have hair.
b)
All living things are made of cells and come from other cells.
c)
The cells of all living things have chloroplast.
d)
All living things can move. 
58.
An organism made of one cell is called
a)
unicellular organism
b)
multicellular organism
59.
the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and contain DNA and cytoplasm
a)
cell
b)
nucleus
c)
eukaryote
d)
plastids
60.
the theory that states that all living things are made up of one or more cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, that each cell in a multicellular organism has a specific job, and that cells come only from existing cells
a)
thylakoid
b)
cell theory
c)
plastids
d)
phospholipid bilayer
61.
or cell membrane, the cell's outer boundary
a)
cytosol
b)
organelle
c)
plasma membrane
d)
nuclear envelope
62.
the region of the cell within the membrane that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
a)
chromosome
b)
cell theory
c)
plasma membrane
d)
cytoplasm
63.
the soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes
a)
cytosol
b)
nucleolus
c)
microtubule
d)
central vacuole
64.
a single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles; examples include bacteria and archae
a)
eukaryote
b)
prokaryote
c)
organelle
d)
thylakoid
65.
an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle; they include animals, plants, and fungi but not bacteria or archaea
a)
prokaryote
b)
organ
c)
eukaryote
d)
lysosome
66.
one of the small bodies that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell and that are specialized to perform a specific function
a)
cell 
b)
organ
c)
cell theory
d)
organelle
67.
a collection of specialized cells and cell products that perform a specific function
a)
organ
b)
tissue
c)
organ system
d)
cell
68.
a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
a)
organ system
b)
central vacuole
c)
organ
d)
cell
69.
is a group of organs that accomplish related tasks
a)
organ
b)
tissue
c)
cell wall
d)
organ system
70.
a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes
a)
phospholipid bilayer
b)
nuclear envelope
c)
plasma membrane 
d)
nucleus
71.
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
a)
cilium
b)
chromosome
c)
centriole
d)
plastids
72.
the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
a)
plastids
b)
plasma membrane
c)
nuclear envelope
d)
phospholipid bilayer
73.
the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized, also known as the little nucleus
a)
cytosol
b)
ribosome
c)
nucleus
d)
nucleolus
74.
a cell organelle composed of RNA and Protein; the site of protein synthesis
a)
ribosome
b)
chromosome
c)
nucleus
d)
cell
75.
in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP
a)
nuclear envolpe
b)
mitochondrion
c)
ribsome
d)
chromosome
76.
a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
a)
golgi apparatus
b)
mitochondrion
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
nucleolus
77.
also known as Golgi complex or Golgi bodies; cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
a)
ribosome
b)
endoplasmic reticulum
c)
lysosome
d)
golgi apparatus
78.
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus
a)
lysosome
b)
central vacuole
c)
cell
d)
nucleolus
79.
the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division
a)
microtubule
b)
cytoskeleton
c)
microfilament
d)
centriole
80.
one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement
a)
centriole
b)
microfilament
c)
microtubule
d)
cytoplasm
81.
a fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement
a)
cytosol
b)
tissue
c)
microtubule
d)
microfilament
82.
a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells
a)
cilium
b)
flagellum
c)
microtubule
d)
cytoskeleton
83.
a long, hairlike structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move
a)
cilium
b)
flagellum
c)
centriole
d)
microfilament
84.
an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis
a)
cytoskeleton
b)
microfilament
c)
centriole
d)
cilium
85.
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell
c)
thylakoid
d)
cell wall
86.
in some protists and in most plant cells, a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores water, enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials
a)
central vacuole
b)
centriole
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
lysosome
87.
an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell; examples include chloroplasts and chromoplasts
a)
thylakoid
b)
plastids
c)
chlorophyll
d)
chloroplast
88.
an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
a)
cytoplasm
b)
chlorophyll
c)
chloroplast
d)
central vacuole
89.
a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
a)
cell wall
b)
phospholipid bilayer
c)
plasma membrane
d)
thylakoid
90.
a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates
a)
chlorophyll
b)
chloroplast
c)
plastids
d)
centriole
91.

Which structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

a)

mitochondria and ribosomes

b)

nucleus and vacuole

c)

cell membrane and vacuole

d)

chloroplast and cell wall

92.

Match the following

a)

There is more solute outside of the cell than inside of the cell. So, the solute moves into the cell and water moves out of the cell.

1.

Hypertonic

b)

There is an equal amount of solute inside and outside of the cell. Water moves in and out at the same rate, so there is no net change.

2.

Isotonic

c)

There is less solute outside of the cell than inside of the cell. So, solute moves out of the cell and water moves into the cell.

3.

Hypotonic

93.

Label the following cells by telling whether they are in a hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic environment.

a)

Hypertonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypotonic

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
94.

Label the structures

a)

Lipids

b)

Protein

1
2
1)
2)
95.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membranes that ​ (a)   lipids and ​ (b)   through the cell.  ​ (c)   ER has ​ (d)   attached, ​ (e)   ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. ​

Choose from the below words
transport
proteins
Rough
ribosomes
Smooth
96.

Rough ER synthesizes and stores ​ (a)   . 

Smooth ER, on the other hand, helps in the storage of proteins and ​ (b)   . 

The main difference between smooth and roughER is that smoothER ​ (c)   bound ribosomes whereas ​ (d)   is bound with ribosomes.

Choose from the below words
proteins
lipids
lacks
roughER
97.

Match the following

a)

Rough ER

1.

Synthesizes and stores proteins

b)

Smooth ER

2.

Storage of Proteins and lipids

c)

Endoplasmic reticulum

3.

transportation system of cells

98.

Match the following

a)

Rough ER

1.

Synthesizes and stores proteins

b)

Smooth ER

2.

Storage of Proteins and lipids

c)

Endoplasmic reticulum

3.

transportation system of cells

99.

Match the following

a)

Golgi bodies

1.

Modify and package proteins

b)

Ribosomes

2.

Produce proteins

c)

Chloroplasts

3.

produce sugars

d)

mitochondria

4.

produce ATP/energy

100.

Match the following

a)

Digestive enzymes

1.

Lysosomes

b)

Protects and supports the cell

2.

Cell Wall

c)

Stores food and water, waste

3.

Vacuole

d)

Tiny hairs on paramecium for movement

4.

Cilia

e)

Whiplike structure on an Amoeba for movement

5.

Flagella

101.
This is a picture of:
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
102.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
103.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Prokaryotic cell?

a)

unicellular

b)

floating DNA

c)

very small

d)

nucleus

104.

The organelle that regulates materials entering and leaving the cell, as well as supporting and protecting it:

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Centrioles

d)

Cytoskeleton

105.

The organelle that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy stored in food during photosynthesis:

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondrion

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Nucleus

106.

The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release from the cell:

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Vacuoles and Vesicles

d)

Ribosome

107.

The organelle where lipids are synthesized along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell:

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Golgi Apparatus

c)

Vacuoles & vesicles

d)

Nucleus

108.

Gel-like material found in all cells, keeps things in their place

a)

cell membrane

b)

cytoplasm

c)

Golgi bodies

d)

nucleous

e)

nuclear membrane

109.

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

a)

The activation energy of the reaction is doubled.

b)

The activation energy of the reaction is lowered.

c)

It's optimal conditions for temperature of the enzyme are doubled.

d)

The shape of the enzyme molecule is changed.

110.

Most enzymes are composed of .....

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

111.

Enzymes in your body probably work best at which of the following temperatures>

a)

25oC

b)

98oC

c)

37oC

d)

210oC

112.

Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attacking and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds.

These chemicals present in the bog plants that break down the insects mentioned in the reading passage are most likely...

a)

hormones

b)

lipids

c)

enzymes

d)

carbohydrates

113.
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
a)
voltage-gated channels
b)
surface receptor
c)
calcium channels
d)
active site
114.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
115.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
116.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
117.

What is the sequence of events in the enzyme-substrate interaction process?

a)

Substrates enter, products released, substrates converted, substrates held

b)

Substrates held, substrates enter, substrates converted, products released

c)

Substrates enter, substrates held, substrates converted, products released

d)

Products released, substrates converted, substrates held, substrates enter

118.

What occurs after the products are released in the enzyme-substrate interaction?

a)

The enzyme is deactivated.

b)

The active site is available for new substrates.

c)

The enzyme is destroyed.

d)

The enzyme changes shape permanently.

119.

What two environmental conditions can affect the activity of an enzyme?

a)

Temperature and pH

b)

Light and humidity

c)

Pressure and salinity

d)

Altitude and wind speed

120.

What is the optimal pH for Intestinal Protease?

a)

2

b)

6

c)

8

d)

10

121.

What is the optimal pH for Gastric Protease?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

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